video_core/memory_manager: Add BytesToMapEnd

Track map address sizes in a flat ordered map and add a method to query
the number of bytes until the end of a map in a given address.

.ci/scripts/linux/docker.sh

@@ -22,12 +22,10 @@ rm -vf AppDir/usr/bin/yuzu-cmd AppDir/usr/bin/yuzu-tester
 # Download tools needed to build an AppImage
 wget -nc https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy/releases/download/continuous/linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage
 wget -nc https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy-plugin-qt/releases/download/continuous/linuxdeploy-plugin-qt-x86_64.AppImage
-wget -nc https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/releases/download/continuous/appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage
 wget -nc https://github.com/darealshinji/AppImageKit-checkrt/releases/download/continuous/AppRun-patched-x86_64
 wget -nc https://github.com/darealshinji/AppImageKit-checkrt/releases/download/continuous/exec-x86_64.so
 # Set executable bit
 chmod 755 \
-    appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage \
     AppRun-patched-x86_64 \
     exec-x86_64.so \
     linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage \
@@ -49,6 +47,3 @@ cp exec-x86_64.so AppDir/usr/optional/exec.so
 cp AppRun-patched-x86_64 AppDir/AppRun
 cp --dereference /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 AppDir/usr/optional/libstdc++/libstdc++.so.6
 cp --dereference /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 AppDir/usr/optional/libgcc_s/libgcc_s.so.1
-
-# Build the AppImage
-./appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage AppDir

.ci/scripts/linux/upload.sh

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 . .ci/scripts/common/pre-upload.sh
 
-APPIMAGE_NAME="yuzu-x86_64.AppImage"
-NEW_APPIMAGE_NAME="yuzu-${GITDATE}-${GITREV}-x86_64.AppImage"
+APPIMAGE_NAME="yuzu-${GITDATE}-${GITREV}.AppImage"
 REV_NAME="yuzu-linux-${GITDATE}-${GITREV}"
 ARCHIVE_NAME="${REV_NAME}.tar.xz"
 COMPRESSION_FLAGS="-cJvf"
@@ -19,7 +18,24 @@ mkdir "$DIR_NAME"
 cp build/bin/yuzu-cmd "$DIR_NAME"
 cp build/bin/yuzu "$DIR_NAME"
 
-# Copy the AppImage to the artifacts directory and avoid compressing it
-cp "build/${APPIMAGE_NAME}" "${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/${NEW_APPIMAGE_NAME}"
+# Build an AppImage
+cd build
+
+wget -nc https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/releases/download/continuous/appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage
+chmod 755 appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage
+
+if [ "${RELEASE_NAME}" = "mainline" ]; then
+    # Generate update information if releasing to mainline
+    ./appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage -u "gh-releases-zsync|yuzu-emu|yuzu-${RELEASE_NAME}|latest|yuzu-*.AppImage.zsync" AppDir "${APPIMAGE_NAME}"
+else
+    ./appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage AppDir "${APPIMAGE_NAME}"
+fi
+cd ..
+
+# Copy the AppImage and update info to the artifacts directory and avoid compressing it
+cp "build/${APPIMAGE_NAME}" "${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/"
+if [ -f "build/${APPIMAGE_NAME}.zsync" ]; then
+    cp "build/${APPIMAGE_NAME}.zsync" "${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/"
+fi
 
 . .ci/scripts/common/post-upload.sh

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ if(ENABLE_SDL2)
     find_package(SDL2)
     if (NOT SDL2_FOUND)
         # otherwise add this to the list of libraries to install
-        list(APPEND CONAN_REQUIRED_LIBS "sdl2/2.0.12@bincrafters/stable")
+        list(APPEND CONAN_REQUIRED_LIBS "sdl2/2.0.14@bincrafters/stable")
     endif()
 endif()
 

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ else()
         -Werror=reorder
         -Werror=switch
         -Werror=uninitialized
+        -Werror=unused-function
         -Werror=unused-result
         -Werror=unused-variable
         -Wextra
@@ -129,7 +130,6 @@ add_subdirectory(tests)
 
 if (ENABLE_SDL2)
     add_subdirectory(yuzu_cmd)
-    add_subdirectory(yuzu_tester)
 endif()
 
 if (ENABLE_QT)

src/audio_core/sink_context.h

@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ public:
         SinkSampleFormat sample_format;
         std::array<u8, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT> input;
         bool in_use;
-        INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(5);
+        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(5);
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(CircularBufferIn) == 0x28,
                   "SinkInfo::CircularBufferIn is in invalid size");
 
     struct DeviceIn {
         std::array<u8, 255> device_name;
-        INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(1);
+        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);
         s32_le input_count;
         std::array<u8, AudioCommon::MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT> input;
-        INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(1);
+        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);
         bool down_matrix_enabled;
         DownmixCoefficients down_matrix_coef;
     };

src/audio_core/voice_context.h

@@ -86,28 +86,28 @@ struct BehaviorFlags {
 static_assert(sizeof(BehaviorFlags) == 0x4, "BehaviorFlags is an invalid size");
 
 struct ADPCMContext {
-    u16 header{};
-    s16 yn1{};
-    s16 yn2{};
+    u16 header;
+    s16 yn1;
+    s16 yn2;
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(ADPCMContext) == 0x6, "ADPCMContext is an invalid size");
 
 struct VoiceState {
-    s64 played_sample_count{};
-    s32 offset{};
-    s32 wave_buffer_index{};
-    std::array<bool, AudioCommon::MAX_WAVE_BUFFERS> is_wave_buffer_valid{};
-    s32 wave_buffer_consumed{};
-    std::array<s32, AudioCommon::MAX_SAMPLE_HISTORY> sample_history{};
-    s32 fraction{};
-    VAddr context_address{};
-    Codec::ADPCM_Coeff coeff{};
-    ADPCMContext context{};
-    std::array<s64, 2> biquad_filter_state{};
-    std::array<s32, AudioCommon::MAX_MIX_BUFFERS> previous_samples{};
-    u32 external_context_size{};
-    bool is_external_context_used{};
-    bool voice_dropped{};
+    s64 played_sample_count;
+    s32 offset;
+    s32 wave_buffer_index;
+    std::array<bool, AudioCommon::MAX_WAVE_BUFFERS> is_wave_buffer_valid;
+    s32 wave_buffer_consumed;
+    std::array<s32, AudioCommon::MAX_SAMPLE_HISTORY> sample_history;
+    s32 fraction;
+    VAddr context_address;
+    Codec::ADPCM_Coeff coeff;
+    ADPCMContext context;
+    std::array<s64, 2> biquad_filter_state;
+    std::array<s32, AudioCommon::MAX_MIX_BUFFERS> previous_samples;
+    u32 external_context_size;
+    bool is_external_context_used;
+    bool voice_dropped;
 };
 
 class VoiceChannelResource {

src/common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     algorithm.h
     alignment.h
     assert.h
-    atomic_ops.cpp
     atomic_ops.h
     detached_tasks.cpp
     detached_tasks.h
@@ -108,7 +107,6 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     bit_util.h
     cityhash.cpp
     cityhash.h
-    color.h
     common_funcs.h
     common_paths.h
     common_types.h
@@ -167,8 +165,6 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     threadsafe_queue.h
     time_zone.cpp
     time_zone.h
-    timer.cpp
-    timer.h
     tree.h
     uint128.cpp
     uint128.h

src/common/alignment.h

@@ -9,50 +9,45 @@
 namespace Common {
 
 template <typename T>
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignUp(T value, std::size_t size) {
-    static_assert(std::is_unsigned_v<T>, "T must be an unsigned value.");
+requires std::is_unsigned_v<T>[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignUp(T value, size_t size) {
     auto mod{static_cast<T>(value % size)};
     value -= mod;
     return static_cast<T>(mod == T{0} ? value : value + size);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignDown(T value, std::size_t size) {
-    static_assert(std::is_unsigned_v<T>, "T must be an unsigned value.");
+requires std::is_unsigned_v<T>[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignUpLog2(T value, size_t align_log2) {
+    return static_cast<T>((value + ((1ULL << align_log2) - 1)) >> align_log2 << align_log2);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+requires std::is_unsigned_v<T>[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignDown(T value, size_t size) {
     return static_cast<T>(value - value % size);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr T AlignBits(T value, std::size_t align) {
-    static_assert(std::is_unsigned_v<T>, "T must be an unsigned value.");
-    return static_cast<T>((value + ((1ULL << align) - 1)) >> align << align);
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool Is4KBAligned(T value) {
-    static_assert(std::is_unsigned_v<T>, "T must be an unsigned value.");
+requires std::is_unsigned_v<T>[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool Is4KBAligned(T value) {
     return (value & 0xFFF) == 0;
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsWordAligned(T value) {
-    static_assert(std::is_unsigned_v<T>, "T must be an unsigned value.");
+requires std::is_unsigned_v<T>[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsWordAligned(T value) {
     return (value & 0b11) == 0;
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsAligned(T value, std::size_t alignment) {
-    using U = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
+requires std::is_integral_v<T>[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsAligned(T value, size_t alignment) {
+    using U = typename std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
     const U mask = static_cast<U>(alignment - 1);
     return (value & mask) == 0;
 }
 
-template <typename T, std::size_t Align = 16>
+template <typename T, size_t Align = 16>
 class AlignmentAllocator {
 public:
     using value_type = T;
-    using size_type = std::size_t;
-    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using size_type = size_t;
+    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
 
     using propagate_on_container_copy_assignment = std::true_type;
     using propagate_on_container_move_assignment = std::true_type;

src/common/atomic_ops.cpp

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include <cstring>
-
-#include "common/atomic_ops.h"
-
-#if _MSC_VER
-#include <intrin.h>
-#endif
-
-namespace Common {
-
-#if _MSC_VER
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
-    const u8 result =
-        _InterlockedCompareExchange8(reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(pointer), value, expected);
-    return result == expected;
-}
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
-    const u16 result =
-        _InterlockedCompareExchange16(reinterpret_cast<volatile short*>(pointer), value, expected);
-    return result == expected;
-}
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
-    const u32 result =
-        _InterlockedCompareExchange(reinterpret_cast<volatile long*>(pointer), value, expected);
-    return result == expected;
-}
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
-    const u64 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange64(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer),
-                                                     value, expected);
-    return result == expected;
-}
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
-    return _InterlockedCompareExchange128(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer), value[1],
-                                          value[0],
-                                          reinterpret_cast<__int64*>(expected.data())) != 0;
-}
-
-#else
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
-    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-}
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
-    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-}
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
-    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-}
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
-    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
-}
-
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
-    unsigned __int128 value_a;
-    unsigned __int128 expected_a;
-    std::memcpy(&value_a, value.data(), sizeof(u128));
-    std::memcpy(&expected_a, expected.data(), sizeof(u128));
-    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap((unsigned __int128*)pointer, expected_a, value_a);
-}
-
-#endif
-
-} // namespace Common

src/common/atomic_ops.h

@@ -4,14 +4,75 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
+#if _MSC_VER
+#include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace Common {
 
-[[nodiscard]] bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected);
-[[nodiscard]] bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected);
-[[nodiscard]] bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected);
-[[nodiscard]] bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected);
-[[nodiscard]] bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected);
+#if _MSC_VER
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
+    const u8 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange8(reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(pointer), value, expected);
+    return result == expected;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
+    const u16 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange16(reinterpret_cast<volatile short*>(pointer), value, expected);
+    return result == expected;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
+    const u32 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange(reinterpret_cast<volatile long*>(pointer), value, expected);
+    return result == expected;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
+    const u64 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange64(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer),
+                                                     value, expected);
+    return result == expected;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
+    return _InterlockedCompareExchange128(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer), value[1],
+                                          value[0],
+                                          reinterpret_cast<__int64*>(expected.data())) != 0;
+}
+
+#else
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
+    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
+    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
+    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
+    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
+    unsigned __int128 value_a;
+    unsigned __int128 expected_a;
+    std::memcpy(&value_a, value.data(), sizeof(u128));
+    std::memcpy(&expected_a, expected.data(), sizeof(u128));
+    return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap((unsigned __int128*)pointer, expected_a, value_a);
+}
+
+#endif
 
 } // namespace Common

src/common/bit_util.h

@@ -4,13 +4,10 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <bit>
 #include <climits>
 #include <cstddef>
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#include <intrin.h>
-#endif
-
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
 namespace Common {
@@ -21,124 +18,30 @@ template <typename T>
     return sizeof(T) * CHAR_BIT;
 }
 
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 CountLeadingZeroes32(u32 value) {
-    unsigned long leading_zero = 0;
-
-    if (_BitScanReverse(&leading_zero, value) != 0) {
-        return 31 - leading_zero;
-    }
-
-    return 32;
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 MostSignificantBit32(const u32 value) {
+    return 31U - static_cast<u32>(std::countl_zero(value));
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 CountLeadingZeroes64(u64 value) {
-    unsigned long leading_zero = 0;
-
-    if (_BitScanReverse64(&leading_zero, value) != 0) {
-        return 63 - leading_zero;
-    }
-
-    return 64;
-}
-#else
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 CountLeadingZeroes32(u32 value) {
-    if (value == 0) {
-        return 32;
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<u32>(__builtin_clz(value));
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 MostSignificantBit64(const u64 value) {
+    return 63U - static_cast<u32>(std::countl_zero(value));
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 CountLeadingZeroes64(u64 value) {
-    if (value == 0) {
-        return 64;
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<u32>(__builtin_clzll(value));
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 CountTrailingZeroes32(u32 value) {
-    unsigned long trailing_zero = 0;
-
-    if (_BitScanForward(&trailing_zero, value) != 0) {
-        return trailing_zero;
-    }
-
-    return 32;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 CountTrailingZeroes64(u64 value) {
-    unsigned long trailing_zero = 0;
-
-    if (_BitScanForward64(&trailing_zero, value) != 0) {
-        return trailing_zero;
-    }
-
-    return 64;
-}
-#else
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 CountTrailingZeroes32(u32 value) {
-    if (value == 0) {
-        return 32;
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<u32>(__builtin_ctz(value));
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 CountTrailingZeroes64(u64 value) {
-    if (value == 0) {
-        return 64;
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<u32>(__builtin_ctzll(value));
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 MostSignificantBit32(const u32 value) {
-    unsigned long result;
-    _BitScanReverse(&result, value);
-    return static_cast<u32>(result);
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 MostSignificantBit64(const u64 value) {
-    unsigned long result;
-    _BitScanReverse64(&result, value);
-    return static_cast<u32>(result);
-}
-
-#else
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 MostSignificantBit32(const u32 value) {
-    return 31U - static_cast<u32>(__builtin_clz(value));
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 MostSignificantBit64(const u64 value) {
-    return 63U - static_cast<u32>(__builtin_clzll(value));
-}
-
-#endif
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 Log2Floor32(const u32 value) {
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 Log2Floor32(const u32 value) {
     return MostSignificantBit32(value);
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 Log2Ceil32(const u32 value) {
-    const u32 log2_f = Log2Floor32(value);
-    return log2_f + ((value ^ (1U << log2_f)) != 0U);
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 Log2Floor64(const u64 value) {
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 Log2Floor64(const u64 value) {
     return MostSignificantBit64(value);
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 Log2Ceil64(const u64 value) {
-    const u64 log2_f = static_cast<u64>(Log2Floor64(value));
-    return static_cast<u32>(log2_f + ((value ^ (1ULL << log2_f)) != 0ULL));
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 Log2Ceil32(const u32 value) {
+    const u32 log2_f = Log2Floor32(value);
+    return log2_f + static_cast<u32>((value ^ (1U << log2_f)) != 0U);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 Log2Ceil64(const u64 value) {
+    const u64 log2_f = Log2Floor64(value);
+    return static_cast<u32>(log2_f + static_cast<u64>((value ^ (1ULL << log2_f)) != 0ULL));
 }
 
 } // namespace Common

src/common/color.h

@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstring>
-
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "common/swap.h"
-#include "common/vector_math.h"
-
-namespace Common::Color {
-
-/// Convert a 1-bit color component to 8 bit
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr u8 Convert1To8(u8 value) {
-    return value * 255;
-}
-
-/// Convert a 4-bit color component to 8 bit
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr u8 Convert4To8(u8 value) {
-    return (value << 4) | value;
-}
-
-/// Convert a 5-bit color component to 8 bit
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr u8 Convert5To8(u8 value) {
-    return (value << 3) | (value >> 2);
-}
-
-/// Convert a 6-bit color component to 8 bit
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr u8 Convert6To8(u8 value) {
-    return (value << 2) | (value >> 4);
-}
-
-/// Convert a 8-bit color component to 1 bit
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr u8 Convert8To1(u8 value) {
-    return value >> 7;
-}
-
-/// Convert a 8-bit color component to 4 bit
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr u8 Convert8To4(u8 value) {
-    return value >> 4;
-}
-
-/// Convert a 8-bit color component to 5 bit
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr u8 Convert8To5(u8 value) {
-    return value >> 3;
-}
-
-/// Convert a 8-bit color component to 6 bit
-[[nodiscard]] constexpr u8 Convert8To6(u8 value) {
-    return value >> 2;
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a color stored in RGBA8 format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source color
- * @return Result color decoded as Common::Vec4<u8>
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline Common::Vec4<u8> DecodeRGBA8(const u8* bytes) {
-    return {bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]};
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a color stored in RGB8 format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source color
- * @return Result color decoded as Common::Vec4<u8>
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline Common::Vec4<u8> DecodeRGB8(const u8* bytes) {
-    return {bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0], 255};
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a color stored in RG8 (aka HILO8) format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source color
- * @return Result color decoded as Common::Vec4<u8>
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline Common::Vec4<u8> DecodeRG8(const u8* bytes) {
-    return {bytes[1], bytes[0], 0, 255};
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a color stored in RGB565 format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source color
- * @return Result color decoded as Common::Vec4<u8>
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline Common::Vec4<u8> DecodeRGB565(const u8* bytes) {
-    u16_le pixel;
-    std::memcpy(&pixel, bytes, sizeof(pixel));
-    return {Convert5To8((pixel >> 11) & 0x1F), Convert6To8((pixel >> 5) & 0x3F),
-            Convert5To8(pixel & 0x1F), 255};
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a color stored in RGB5A1 format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source color
- * @return Result color decoded as Common::Vec4<u8>
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline Common::Vec4<u8> DecodeRGB5A1(const u8* bytes) {
-    u16_le pixel;
-    std::memcpy(&pixel, bytes, sizeof(pixel));
-    return {Convert5To8((pixel >> 11) & 0x1F), Convert5To8((pixel >> 6) & 0x1F),
-            Convert5To8((pixel >> 1) & 0x1F), Convert1To8(pixel & 0x1)};
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a color stored in RGBA4 format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source color
- * @return Result color decoded as Common::Vec4<u8>
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline Common::Vec4<u8> DecodeRGBA4(const u8* bytes) {
-    u16_le pixel;
-    std::memcpy(&pixel, bytes, sizeof(pixel));
-    return {Convert4To8((pixel >> 12) & 0xF), Convert4To8((pixel >> 8) & 0xF),
-            Convert4To8((pixel >> 4) & 0xF), Convert4To8(pixel & 0xF)};
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a depth value stored in D16 format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source value
- * @return Depth value as an u32
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 DecodeD16(const u8* bytes) {
-    u16_le data;
-    std::memcpy(&data, bytes, sizeof(data));
-    return data;
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a depth value stored in D24 format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source value
- * @return Depth value as an u32
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline u32 DecodeD24(const u8* bytes) {
-    return (bytes[2] << 16) | (bytes[1] << 8) | bytes[0];
-}
-
-/**
- * Decode a depth value and a stencil value stored in D24S8 format
- * @param bytes Pointer to encoded source values
- * @return Resulting values stored as a Common::Vec2
- */
-[[nodiscard]] inline Common::Vec2<u32> DecodeD24S8(const u8* bytes) {
-    return {static_cast<u32>((bytes[2] << 16) | (bytes[1] << 8) | bytes[0]), bytes[3]};
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a color as RGBA8 format
- * @param color Source color to encode
- * @param bytes Destination pointer to store encoded color
- */
-inline void EncodeRGBA8(const Common::Vec4<u8>& color, u8* bytes) {
-    bytes[3] = color.r();
-    bytes[2] = color.g();
-    bytes[1] = color.b();
-    bytes[0] = color.a();
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a color as RGB8 format
- * @param color Source color to encode
- * @param bytes Destination pointer to store encoded color
- */
-inline void EncodeRGB8(const Common::Vec4<u8>& color, u8* bytes) {
-    bytes[2] = color.r();
-    bytes[1] = color.g();
-    bytes[0] = color.b();
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a color as RG8 (aka HILO8) format
- * @param color Source color to encode
- * @param bytes Destination pointer to store encoded color
- */
-inline void EncodeRG8(const Common::Vec4<u8>& color, u8* bytes) {
-    bytes[1] = color.r();
-    bytes[0] = color.g();
-}
-/**
- * Encode a color as RGB565 format
- * @param color Source color to encode
- * @param bytes Destination pointer to store encoded color
- */
-inline void EncodeRGB565(const Common::Vec4<u8>& color, u8* bytes) {
-    const u16_le data =
-        (Convert8To5(color.r()) << 11) | (Convert8To6(color.g()) << 5) | Convert8To5(color.b());
-
-    std::memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(data));
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a color as RGB5A1 format
- * @param color Source color to encode
- * @param bytes Destination pointer to store encoded color
- */
-inline void EncodeRGB5A1(const Common::Vec4<u8>& color, u8* bytes) {
-    const u16_le data = (Convert8To5(color.r()) << 11) | (Convert8To5(color.g()) << 6) |
-                        (Convert8To5(color.b()) << 1) | Convert8To1(color.a());
-
-    std::memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(data));
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a color as RGBA4 format
- * @param color Source color to encode
- * @param bytes Destination pointer to store encoded color
- */
-inline void EncodeRGBA4(const Common::Vec4<u8>& color, u8* bytes) {
-    const u16 data = (Convert8To4(color.r()) << 12) | (Convert8To4(color.g()) << 8) |
-                     (Convert8To4(color.b()) << 4) | Convert8To4(color.a());
-
-    std::memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(data));
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a 16 bit depth value as D16 format
- * @param value 16 bit source depth value to encode
- * @param bytes Pointer where to store the encoded value
- */
-inline void EncodeD16(u32 value, u8* bytes) {
-    const u16_le data = static_cast<u16>(value);
-    std::memcpy(bytes, &data, sizeof(data));
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a 24 bit depth value as D24 format
- * @param value 24 bit source depth value to encode
- * @param bytes Pointer where to store the encoded value
- */
-inline void EncodeD24(u32 value, u8* bytes) {
-    bytes[0] = value & 0xFF;
-    bytes[1] = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
-    bytes[2] = (value >> 16) & 0xFF;
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a 24 bit depth and 8 bit stencil values as D24S8 format
- * @param depth 24 bit source depth value to encode
- * @param stencil 8 bit source stencil value to encode
- * @param bytes Pointer where to store the encoded value
- */
-inline void EncodeD24S8(u32 depth, u8 stencil, u8* bytes) {
-    bytes[0] = depth & 0xFF;
-    bytes[1] = (depth >> 8) & 0xFF;
-    bytes[2] = (depth >> 16) & 0xFF;
-    bytes[3] = stencil;
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a 24 bit depth value as D24X8 format (32 bits per pixel with 8 bits unused)
- * @param depth 24 bit source depth value to encode
- * @param bytes Pointer where to store the encoded value
- * @note unused bits will not be modified
- */
-inline void EncodeD24X8(u32 depth, u8* bytes) {
-    bytes[0] = depth & 0xFF;
-    bytes[1] = (depth >> 8) & 0xFF;
-    bytes[2] = (depth >> 16) & 0xFF;
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode an 8 bit stencil value as X24S8 format (32 bits per pixel with 24 bits unused)
- * @param stencil 8 bit source stencil value to encode
- * @param bytes Pointer where to store the encoded value
- * @note unused bits will not be modified
- */
-inline void EncodeX24S8(u8 stencil, u8* bytes) {
-    bytes[3] = stencil;
-}
-
-} // namespace Common::Color

src/common/common_funcs.h

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
 #define INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(num_words)                                                            \
     std::array<u32, num_words> CONCAT2(pad, __LINE__) {}
 
-/// These are similar to the INSERT_PADDING_* macros, but are needed for padding unions. This is
-/// because unions can only be initialized by one member.
-#define INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(num_bytes) std::array<u8, num_bytes> CONCAT2(pad, __LINE__)
-#define INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(num_words) std::array<u32, num_words> CONCAT2(pad, __LINE__)
+/// These are similar to the INSERT_PADDING_* macros but do not zero-initialize the contents.
+/// This keeps the structure trivial to construct.
+#define INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(num_bytes) std::array<u8, num_bytes> CONCAT2(pad, __LINE__)
+#define INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(num_words) std::array<u32, num_words> CONCAT2(pad, __LINE__)
 
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
 

src/common/intrusive_red_black_tree.h

@@ -16,17 +16,30 @@ class IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl;
 }
 
 struct IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode {
+public:
+    using EntryType = RBEntry<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode>;
+
+    constexpr IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode() = default;
+
+    void SetEntry(const EntryType& new_entry) {
+        entry = new_entry;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] EntryType& GetEntry() {
+        return entry;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const EntryType& GetEntry() const {
+        return entry;
+    }
 
 private:
-    RB_ENTRY(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode) entry{};
+    EntryType entry{};
 
     friend class impl::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl;
 
     template <class, class, class>
     friend class IntrusiveRedBlackTree;
-
-public:
-    constexpr IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode() = default;
 };
 
 template <class T, class Traits, class Comparator>
@@ -35,17 +48,12 @@ class IntrusiveRedBlackTree;
 namespace impl {
 
 class IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl {
-
 private:
     template <class, class, class>
     friend class ::Common::IntrusiveRedBlackTree;
 
-private:
-    RB_HEAD(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot, IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode);
-    using RootType = IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot;
-
-private:
-    IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot root;
+    using RootType = RBHead<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode>;
+    RootType root;
 
 public:
     template <bool Const>
@@ -121,57 +129,45 @@ public:
         }
     };
 
-protected:
-    // Generate static implementations for non-comparison operations for IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot.
-    RB_GENERATE_WITHOUT_COMPARE_STATIC(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot, IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode, entry);
-
 private:
     // Define accessors using RB_* functions.
-    constexpr void InitializeImpl() {
-        RB_INIT(&this->root);
-    }
-
     bool EmptyImpl() const {
-        return RB_EMPTY(&this->root);
+        return root.IsEmpty();
     }
 
     IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* GetMinImpl() const {
-        return RB_MIN(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot,
-                      const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot*>(&this->root));
+        return RB_MIN(const_cast<RootType*>(&root));
     }
 
     IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* GetMaxImpl() const {
-        return RB_MAX(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot,
-                      const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot*>(&this->root));
+        return RB_MAX(const_cast<RootType*>(&root));
     }
 
     IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* RemoveImpl(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) {
-        return RB_REMOVE(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot, &this->root, node);
+        return RB_REMOVE(&root, node);
     }
 
 public:
     static IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* GetNext(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) {
-        return RB_NEXT(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot, nullptr, node);
+        return RB_NEXT(node);
     }
 
     static IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* GetPrev(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) {
-        return RB_PREV(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot, nullptr, node);
+        return RB_PREV(node);
     }
 
-    static IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode const* GetNext(const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) {
+    static const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* GetNext(const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) {
         return static_cast<const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode*>(
             GetNext(const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode*>(node)));
     }
 
-    static IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode const* GetPrev(const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) {
+    static const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* GetPrev(const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) {
         return static_cast<const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode*>(
             GetPrev(const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode*>(node)));
     }
 
 public:
-    constexpr IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl() : root() {
-        this->InitializeImpl();
-    }
+    constexpr IntrusiveRedBlackTreeImpl() {}
 
     // Iterator accessors.
     iterator begin() {
@@ -269,8 +265,6 @@ private:
     ImplType impl{};
 
 public:
-    struct IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare : ImplType::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot {};
-
     template <bool Const>
     class Iterator;
 
@@ -362,11 +356,6 @@ public:
         }
     };
 
-private:
-    // Generate static implementations for comparison operations for IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRoot.
-    RB_GENERATE_WITH_COMPARE_STATIC(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare, IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode,
-                                    entry, CompareImpl, LightCompareImpl);
-
 private:
     static int CompareImpl(const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* lhs,
                            const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* rhs) {
@@ -379,41 +368,27 @@ private:
 
     // Define accessors using RB_* functions.
     IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* InsertImpl(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) {
-        return RB_INSERT(IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare,
-                         static_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(&this->impl.root),
-                         node);
+        return RB_INSERT(&impl.root, node, CompareImpl);
     }
 
     IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* FindImpl(const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) const {
-        return RB_FIND(
-            IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare,
-            const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(
-                static_cast<const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(&this->impl.root)),
-            const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode*>(node));
+        return RB_FIND(const_cast<ImplType::RootType*>(&impl.root),
+                       const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode*>(node), CompareImpl);
     }
 
     IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* NFindImpl(const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* node) const {
-        return RB_NFIND(
-            IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare,
-            const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(
-                static_cast<const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(&this->impl.root)),
-            const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode*>(node));
+        return RB_NFIND(const_cast<ImplType::RootType*>(&impl.root),
+                        const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode*>(node), CompareImpl);
     }
 
     IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* FindLightImpl(const_light_pointer lelm) const {
-        return RB_FIND_LIGHT(
-            IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare,
-            const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(
-                static_cast<const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(&this->impl.root)),
-            static_cast<const void*>(lelm));
+        return RB_FIND_LIGHT(const_cast<ImplType::RootType*>(&impl.root),
+                             static_cast<const void*>(lelm), LightCompareImpl);
     }
 
     IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode* NFindLightImpl(const_light_pointer lelm) const {
-        return RB_NFIND_LIGHT(
-            IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare,
-            const_cast<IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(
-                static_cast<const IntrusiveRedBlackTreeRootWithCompare*>(&this->impl.root)),
-            static_cast<const void*>(lelm));
+        return RB_NFIND_LIGHT(const_cast<ImplType::RootType*>(&impl.root),
+                              static_cast<const void*>(lelm), LightCompareImpl);
     }
 
 public:

src/common/timer.cpp

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Dolphin Emulator Project / 2014 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include <ctime>
-#include <fmt/format.h>
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "common/string_util.h"
-#include "common/timer.h"
-
-namespace Common {
-
-std::chrono::milliseconds Timer::GetTimeMs() {
-    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
-        std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
-}
-
-// --------------------------------------------
-// Initiate, Start, Stop, and Update the time
-// --------------------------------------------
-
-// Set initial values for the class
-Timer::Timer() : m_LastTime(0), m_StartTime(0), m_Running(false) {
-    Update();
-}
-
-// Write the starting time
-void Timer::Start() {
-    m_StartTime = GetTimeMs();
-    m_Running = true;
-}
-
-// Stop the timer
-void Timer::Stop() {
-    // Write the final time
-    m_LastTime = GetTimeMs();
-    m_Running = false;
-}
-
-// Update the last time variable
-void Timer::Update() {
-    m_LastTime = GetTimeMs();
-    // TODO(ector) - QPF
-}
-
-// -------------------------------------
-// Get time difference and elapsed time
-// -------------------------------------
-
-// Get the number of milliseconds since the last Update()
-std::chrono::milliseconds Timer::GetTimeDifference() {
-    return GetTimeMs() - m_LastTime;
-}
-
-// Add the time difference since the last Update() to the starting time.
-// This is used to compensate for a paused game.
-void Timer::AddTimeDifference() {
-    m_StartTime += GetTimeDifference();
-}
-
-// Get the time elapsed since the Start()
-std::chrono::milliseconds Timer::GetTimeElapsed() {
-    // If we have not started yet, return 1 (because then I don't
-    // have to change the FPS calculation in CoreRerecording.cpp .
-    if (m_StartTime.count() == 0)
-        return std::chrono::milliseconds(1);
-
-    // Return the final timer time if the timer is stopped
-    if (!m_Running)
-        return (m_LastTime - m_StartTime);
-
-    return (GetTimeMs() - m_StartTime);
-}
-
-// Get the formatted time elapsed since the Start()
-std::string Timer::GetTimeElapsedFormatted() const {
-    // If we have not started yet, return zero
-    if (m_StartTime.count() == 0)
-        return "00:00:00:000";
-
-    // The number of milliseconds since the start.
-    // Use a different value if the timer is stopped.
-    std::chrono::milliseconds Milliseconds;
-    if (m_Running)
-        Milliseconds = GetTimeMs() - m_StartTime;
-    else
-        Milliseconds = m_LastTime - m_StartTime;
-    // Seconds
-    std::chrono::seconds Seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(Milliseconds);
-    // Minutes
-    std::chrono::minutes Minutes = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(Milliseconds);
-    // Hours
-    std::chrono::hours Hours = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::hours>(Milliseconds);
-
-    std::string TmpStr = fmt::format("{:02}:{:02}:{:02}:{:03}", Hours.count(), Minutes.count() % 60,
-                                     Seconds.count() % 60, Milliseconds.count() % 1000);
-    return TmpStr;
-}
-
-// Get the number of seconds since January 1 1970
-std::chrono::seconds Timer::GetTimeSinceJan1970() {
-    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(GetTimeMs());
-}
-
-std::chrono::seconds Timer::GetLocalTimeSinceJan1970() {
-    time_t sysTime, tzDiff, tzDST;
-    struct tm* gmTime;
-
-    time(&sysTime);
-
-    // Account for DST where needed
-    gmTime = localtime(&sysTime);
-    if (gmTime->tm_isdst == 1)
-        tzDST = 3600;
-    else
-        tzDST = 0;
-
-    // Lazy way to get local time in sec
-    gmTime = gmtime(&sysTime);
-    tzDiff = sysTime - mktime(gmTime);
-
-    return std::chrono::seconds(sysTime + tzDiff + tzDST);
-}
-
-// Return the current time formatted as Minutes:Seconds:Milliseconds
-// in the form 00:00:000.
-std::string Timer::GetTimeFormatted() {
-    time_t sysTime;
-    struct tm* gmTime;
-    char tmp[13];
-
-    time(&sysTime);
-    gmTime = localtime(&sysTime);
-
-    strftime(tmp, 6, "%M:%S", gmTime);
-
-    u64 milliseconds = static_cast<u64>(GetTimeMs().count()) % 1000;
-    return fmt::format("{}:{:03}", tmp, milliseconds);
-}
-
-// Returns a timestamp with decimals for precise time comparisons
-// ----------------
-double Timer::GetDoubleTime() {
-    // Get continuous timestamp
-    auto tmp_seconds = static_cast<u64>(GetTimeSinceJan1970().count());
-    const auto ms = static_cast<double>(static_cast<u64>(GetTimeMs().count()) % 1000);
-
-    // Remove a few years. We only really want enough seconds to make
-    // sure that we are detecting actual actions, perhaps 60 seconds is
-    // enough really, but I leave a year of seconds anyway, in case the
-    // user's clock is incorrect or something like that.
-    tmp_seconds = tmp_seconds - (38 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60);
-
-    // Make a smaller integer that fits in the double
-    const auto seconds = static_cast<u32>(tmp_seconds);
-    return seconds + ms;
-}
-
-} // Namespace Common

src/common/timer.h

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Dolphin Emulator Project / 2014 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <chrono>
-#include <string>
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-
-namespace Common {
-class Timer {
-public:
-    Timer();
-
-    void Start();
-    void Stop();
-    void Update();
-
-    // The time difference is always returned in milliseconds, regardless of alternative internal
-    // representation
-    [[nodiscard]] std::chrono::milliseconds GetTimeDifference();
-    void AddTimeDifference();
-
-    [[nodiscard]] static std::chrono::seconds GetTimeSinceJan1970();
-    [[nodiscard]] static std::chrono::seconds GetLocalTimeSinceJan1970();
-    [[nodiscard]] static double GetDoubleTime();
-
-    [[nodiscard]] static std::string GetTimeFormatted();
-    [[nodiscard]] std::string GetTimeElapsedFormatted() const;
-    [[nodiscard]] std::chrono::milliseconds GetTimeElapsed();
-
-    [[nodiscard]] static std::chrono::milliseconds GetTimeMs();
-
-private:
-    std::chrono::milliseconds m_LastTime;
-    std::chrono::milliseconds m_StartTime;
-    bool m_Running;
-};
-
-} // Namespace Common

src/common/uuid.h

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ constexpr u128 INVALID_UUID{{0, 0}};
 
 struct UUID {
     // UUIDs which are 0 are considered invalid!
-    u128 uuid = INVALID_UUID;
-    constexpr UUID() = default;
+    u128 uuid;
+    UUID() = default;
     constexpr explicit UUID(const u128& id) : uuid{id} {}
     constexpr explicit UUID(const u64 lo, const u64 hi) : uuid{{lo, hi}} {}
 

src/common/x64/native_clock.cpp

@@ -2,19 +2,74 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <array>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <limits>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #include <intrin.h>
+
+#pragma intrinsic(__umulh)
+#pragma intrinsic(_udiv128)
 #else
 #include <x86intrin.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "common/atomic_ops.h"
 #include "common/uint128.h"
 #include "common/x64/native_clock.h"
 
+namespace {
+
+[[nodiscard]] u64 GetFixedPoint64Factor(u64 numerator, u64 divisor) {
+#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
+    const auto base = static_cast<unsigned __int128>(numerator) << 64ULL;
+    return static_cast<u64>(base / divisor);
+#elif defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+    std::array<u64, 2> r = {0, numerator};
+    u64 remainder;
+#if _MSC_VER < 1923
+    return udiv128(r[1], r[0], divisor, &remainder);
+#else
+    return _udiv128(r[1], r[0], divisor, &remainder);
+#endif
+#else
+    // This one is bit more inaccurate.
+    return MultiplyAndDivide64(std::numeric_limits<u64>::max(), numerator, divisor);
+#endif
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] u64 MultiplyHigh(u64 a, u64 b) {
+#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
+    return (static_cast<unsigned __int128>(a) * static_cast<unsigned __int128>(b)) >> 64;
+#elif defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+    return __umulh(a, b); // MSVC
+#else
+    // Generic fallback
+    const u64 a_lo = u32(a);
+    const u64 a_hi = a >> 32;
+    const u64 b_lo = u32(b);
+    const u64 b_hi = b >> 32;
+
+    const u64 a_x_b_hi = a_hi * b_hi;
+    const u64 a_x_b_mid = a_hi * b_lo;
+    const u64 b_x_a_mid = b_hi * a_lo;
+    const u64 a_x_b_lo = a_lo * b_lo;
+
+    const u64 carry_bit = (static_cast<u64>(static_cast<u32>(a_x_b_mid)) +
+                           static_cast<u64>(static_cast<u32>(b_x_a_mid)) + (a_x_b_lo >> 32)) >>
+                          32;
+
+    const u64 multhi = a_x_b_hi + (a_x_b_mid >> 32) + (b_x_a_mid >> 32) + carry_bit;
+
+    return multhi;
+#endif
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
 namespace Common {
 
 u64 EstimateRDTSCFrequency() {
@@ -48,54 +103,71 @@ NativeClock::NativeClock(u64 emulated_cpu_frequency_, u64 emulated_clock_frequen
     : WallClock(emulated_cpu_frequency_, emulated_clock_frequency_, true), rtsc_frequency{
                                                                                rtsc_frequency_} {
     _mm_mfence();
-    last_measure = __rdtsc();
-    accumulated_ticks = 0U;
+    time_point.inner.last_measure = __rdtsc();
+    time_point.inner.accumulated_ticks = 0U;
+    ns_rtsc_factor = GetFixedPoint64Factor(1000000000, rtsc_frequency);
+    us_rtsc_factor = GetFixedPoint64Factor(1000000, rtsc_frequency);
+    ms_rtsc_factor = GetFixedPoint64Factor(1000, rtsc_frequency);
+    clock_rtsc_factor = GetFixedPoint64Factor(emulated_clock_frequency, rtsc_frequency);
+    cpu_rtsc_factor = GetFixedPoint64Factor(emulated_cpu_frequency, rtsc_frequency);
 }
 
 u64 NativeClock::GetRTSC() {
-    std::scoped_lock scope{rtsc_serialize};
-    _mm_mfence();
-    const u64 current_measure = __rdtsc();
-    u64 diff = current_measure - last_measure;
-    diff = diff & ~static_cast<u64>(static_cast<s64>(diff) >> 63); // max(diff, 0)
-    if (current_measure > last_measure) {
-        last_measure = current_measure;
-    }
-    accumulated_ticks += diff;
+    TimePoint new_time_point{};
+    TimePoint current_time_point{};
+    do {
+        current_time_point.pack = time_point.pack;
+        _mm_mfence();
+        const u64 current_measure = __rdtsc();
+        u64 diff = current_measure - current_time_point.inner.last_measure;
+        diff = diff & ~static_cast<u64>(static_cast<s64>(diff) >> 63); // max(diff, 0)
+        new_time_point.inner.last_measure = current_measure > current_time_point.inner.last_measure
+                                                ? current_measure
+                                                : current_time_point.inner.last_measure;
+        new_time_point.inner.accumulated_ticks = current_time_point.inner.accumulated_ticks + diff;
+    } while (!Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(time_point.pack.data(), new_time_point.pack,
+                                           current_time_point.pack));
     /// The clock cannot be more precise than the guest timer, remove the lower bits
-    return accumulated_ticks & inaccuracy_mask;
+    return new_time_point.inner.accumulated_ticks & inaccuracy_mask;
 }
 
 void NativeClock::Pause(bool is_paused) {
     if (!is_paused) {
-        _mm_mfence();
-        last_measure = __rdtsc();
+        TimePoint current_time_point{};
+        TimePoint new_time_point{};
+        do {
+            current_time_point.pack = time_point.pack;
+            new_time_point.pack = current_time_point.pack;
+            _mm_mfence();
+            new_time_point.inner.last_measure = __rdtsc();
+        } while (!Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(time_point.pack.data(), new_time_point.pack,
+                                               current_time_point.pack));
     }
 }
 
 std::chrono::nanoseconds NativeClock::GetTimeNS() {
     const u64 rtsc_value = GetRTSC();
-    return std::chrono::nanoseconds{MultiplyAndDivide64(rtsc_value, 1000000000, rtsc_frequency)};
+    return std::chrono::nanoseconds{MultiplyHigh(rtsc_value, ns_rtsc_factor)};
 }
 
 std::chrono::microseconds NativeClock::GetTimeUS() {
     const u64 rtsc_value = GetRTSC();
-    return std::chrono::microseconds{MultiplyAndDivide64(rtsc_value, 1000000, rtsc_frequency)};
+    return std::chrono::microseconds{MultiplyHigh(rtsc_value, us_rtsc_factor)};
 }
 
 std::chrono::milliseconds NativeClock::GetTimeMS() {
     const u64 rtsc_value = GetRTSC();
-    return std::chrono::milliseconds{MultiplyAndDivide64(rtsc_value, 1000, rtsc_frequency)};
+    return std::chrono::milliseconds{MultiplyHigh(rtsc_value, ms_rtsc_factor)};
 }
 
 u64 NativeClock::GetClockCycles() {
     const u64 rtsc_value = GetRTSC();
-    return MultiplyAndDivide64(rtsc_value, emulated_clock_frequency, rtsc_frequency);
+    return MultiplyHigh(rtsc_value, clock_rtsc_factor);
 }
 
 u64 NativeClock::GetCPUCycles() {
     const u64 rtsc_value = GetRTSC();
-    return MultiplyAndDivide64(rtsc_value, emulated_cpu_frequency, rtsc_frequency);
+    return MultiplyHigh(rtsc_value, cpu_rtsc_factor);
 }
 
 } // namespace X64

src/common/x64/native_clock.h

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #include <optional>
 
-#include "common/spin_lock.h"
 #include "common/wall_clock.h"
 
 namespace Common {
@@ -32,14 +31,28 @@ public:
 private:
     u64 GetRTSC();
 
+    union alignas(16) TimePoint {
+        TimePoint() : pack{} {}
+        u128 pack{};
+        struct Inner {
+            u64 last_measure{};
+            u64 accumulated_ticks{};
+        } inner;
+    };
+
     /// value used to reduce the native clocks accuracy as some apss rely on
     /// undefined behavior where the level of accuracy in the clock shouldn't
     /// be higher.
     static constexpr u64 inaccuracy_mask = ~(UINT64_C(0x400) - 1);
 
-    SpinLock rtsc_serialize{};
-    u64 last_measure{};
-    u64 accumulated_ticks{};
+    TimePoint time_point;
+    // factors
+    u64 clock_rtsc_factor{};
+    u64 cpu_rtsc_factor{};
+    u64 ns_rtsc_factor{};
+    u64 us_rtsc_factor{};
+    u64 ms_rtsc_factor{};
+
     u64 rtsc_frequency;
 };
 } // namespace X64

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -643,10 +643,9 @@ else()
         -Werror=conversion
         -Werror=ignored-qualifiers
         -Werror=implicit-fallthrough
-        -Werror=reorder
         -Werror=sign-compare
-        -Werror=unused-variable
 
+        $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Werror=class-memaccess>
         $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Werror=unused-but-set-parameter>
         $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Werror=unused-but-set-variable>
 

src/core/file_sys/content_archive.cpp

@@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ static_assert(sizeof(IVFCLevel) == 0x18, "IVFCLevel has incorrect size.");
 struct IVFCHeader {
     u32_le magic;
     u32_le magic_number;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(8);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(8);
     std::array<IVFCLevel, 6> levels;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(64);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(64);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(IVFCHeader) == 0xE0, "IVFCHeader has incorrect size.");
 
 struct NCASectionHeaderBlock {
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(3);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);
     NCASectionFilesystemType filesystem_type;
     NCASectionCryptoType crypto_type;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(3);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(NCASectionHeaderBlock) == 0x8, "NCASectionHeaderBlock has incorrect size.");
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ struct NCASectionRaw {
     NCASectionHeaderBlock header;
     std::array<u8, 0x138> block_data;
     std::array<u8, 0x8> section_ctr;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(0xB8);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0xB8);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(NCASectionRaw) == 0x200, "NCASectionRaw has incorrect size.");
 
@@ -69,19 +69,19 @@ struct PFS0Superblock {
     NCASectionHeaderBlock header_block;
     std::array<u8, 0x20> hash;
     u32_le size;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(4);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(4);
     u64_le hash_table_offset;
     u64_le hash_table_size;
     u64_le pfs0_header_offset;
     u64_le pfs0_size;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(0x1B0);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x1B0);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(PFS0Superblock) == 0x200, "PFS0Superblock has incorrect size.");
 
 struct RomFSSuperblock {
     NCASectionHeaderBlock header_block;
     IVFCHeader ivfc;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(0x118);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x118);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(RomFSSuperblock) == 0x200, "RomFSSuperblock has incorrect size.");
 
@@ -89,19 +89,19 @@ struct BKTRHeader {
     u64_le offset;
     u64_le size;
     u32_le magic;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(0x4);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x4);
     u32_le number_entries;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(0x4);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x4);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(BKTRHeader) == 0x20, "BKTRHeader has incorrect size.");
 
 struct BKTRSuperblock {
     NCASectionHeaderBlock header_block;
     IVFCHeader ivfc;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(0x18);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x18);
     BKTRHeader relocation;
     BKTRHeader subsection;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(0xC0);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0xC0);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(BKTRSuperblock) == 0x200, "BKTRSuperblock has incorrect size.");
 

src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.h

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ struct SaveDataAttribute {
     SaveDataType type;
     SaveDataRank rank;
     u16 index;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(4);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(4);
     u64 zero_1;
     u64 zero_2;
     u64 zero_3;
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ struct SaveDataExtraData {
     u64 owner_id;
     s64 timestamp;
     SaveDataFlags flags;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(4);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(4);
     s64 available_size;
     s64 journal_size;
     s64 commit_id;

src/core/frontend/emu_window.cpp

@@ -21,21 +21,18 @@ public:
 
     std::mutex mutex;
 
-    bool touch_pressed = false; ///< True if touchpad area is currently pressed, otherwise false
-
-    float touch_x = 0.0f; ///< Touchpad X-position
-    float touch_y = 0.0f; ///< Touchpad Y-position
+    Input::TouchStatus status;
 
 private:
     class Device : public Input::TouchDevice {
     public:
         explicit Device(std::weak_ptr<TouchState>&& touch_state) : touch_state(touch_state) {}
-        std::tuple<float, float, bool> GetStatus() const override {
+        Input::TouchStatus GetStatus() const override {
             if (auto state = touch_state.lock()) {
                 std::lock_guard guard{state->mutex};
-                return std::make_tuple(state->touch_x, state->touch_y, state->touch_pressed);
+                return state->status;
             }
-            return std::make_tuple(0.0f, 0.0f, false);
+            return {};
         }
 
     private:
@@ -79,36 +76,44 @@ std::tuple<unsigned, unsigned> EmuWindow::ClipToTouchScreen(unsigned new_x, unsi
     return std::make_tuple(new_x, new_y);
 }
 
-void EmuWindow::TouchPressed(unsigned framebuffer_x, unsigned framebuffer_y) {
-    if (!IsWithinTouchscreen(framebuffer_layout, framebuffer_x, framebuffer_y))
+void EmuWindow::TouchPressed(unsigned framebuffer_x, unsigned framebuffer_y, std::size_t id) {
+    if (!IsWithinTouchscreen(framebuffer_layout, framebuffer_x, framebuffer_y)) {
         return;
+    }
+    if (id >= touch_state->status.size()) {
+        return;
+    }
 
     std::lock_guard guard{touch_state->mutex};
-    touch_state->touch_x =
+    const float x =
         static_cast<float>(framebuffer_x - framebuffer_layout.screen.left) /
         static_cast<float>(framebuffer_layout.screen.right - framebuffer_layout.screen.left);
-    touch_state->touch_y =
+    const float y =
         static_cast<float>(framebuffer_y - framebuffer_layout.screen.top) /
         static_cast<float>(framebuffer_layout.screen.bottom - framebuffer_layout.screen.top);
 
-    touch_state->touch_pressed = true;
+    touch_state->status[id] = std::make_tuple(x, y, true);
 }
 
-void EmuWindow::TouchReleased() {
+void EmuWindow::TouchReleased(std::size_t id) {
+    if (id >= touch_state->status.size()) {
+        return;
+    }
     std::lock_guard guard{touch_state->mutex};
-    touch_state->touch_pressed = false;
-    touch_state->touch_x = 0;
-    touch_state->touch_y = 0;
+    touch_state->status[id] = std::make_tuple(0.0f, 0.0f, false);
 }
 
-void EmuWindow::TouchMoved(unsigned framebuffer_x, unsigned framebuffer_y) {
-    if (!touch_state->touch_pressed)
+void EmuWindow::TouchMoved(unsigned framebuffer_x, unsigned framebuffer_y, std::size_t id) {
+    if (id >= touch_state->status.size()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!std::get<2>(touch_state->status[id]))
         return;
 
     if (!IsWithinTouchscreen(framebuffer_layout, framebuffer_x, framebuffer_y))
         std::tie(framebuffer_x, framebuffer_y) = ClipToTouchScreen(framebuffer_x, framebuffer_y);
 
-    TouchPressed(framebuffer_x, framebuffer_y);
+    TouchPressed(framebuffer_x, framebuffer_y, id);
 }
 
 void EmuWindow::UpdateCurrentFramebufferLayout(unsigned width, unsigned height) {

src/core/frontend/emu_window.h

@@ -117,18 +117,23 @@ public:
      * Signal that a touch pressed event has occurred (e.g. mouse click pressed)
      * @param framebuffer_x Framebuffer x-coordinate that was pressed
      * @param framebuffer_y Framebuffer y-coordinate that was pressed
+     * @param id Touch event ID
      */
-    void TouchPressed(unsigned framebuffer_x, unsigned framebuffer_y);
+    void TouchPressed(unsigned framebuffer_x, unsigned framebuffer_y, std::size_t id);
 
-    /// Signal that a touch released event has occurred (e.g. mouse click released)
-    void TouchReleased();
+    /**
+     * Signal that a touch released event has occurred (e.g. mouse click released)
+     * @param id Touch event ID
+     */
+    void TouchReleased(std::size_t id);
 
     /**
      * Signal that a touch movement event has occurred (e.g. mouse was moved over the emu window)
      * @param framebuffer_x Framebuffer x-coordinate
      * @param framebuffer_y Framebuffer y-coordinate
+     * @param id Touch event ID
      */
-    void TouchMoved(unsigned framebuffer_x, unsigned framebuffer_y);
+    void TouchMoved(unsigned framebuffer_x, unsigned framebuffer_y, std::size_t id);
 
     /**
      * Returns currently active configuration.

src/core/frontend/input.h

@@ -163,10 +163,11 @@ using MotionStatus = std::tuple<Common::Vec3<float>, Common::Vec3<float>, Common
 using MotionDevice = InputDevice<MotionStatus>;
 
 /**
- * A touch status is an object that returns a tuple of two floats and a bool. The floats are
- * x and y coordinates in the range 0.0 - 1.0, and the bool indicates whether it is pressed.
+ * A touch status is an object that returns an array of 16 tuple elements of two floats and a bool.
+ * The floats are x and y coordinates in the range 0.0 - 1.0, and the bool indicates whether it is
+ * pressed.
  */
-using TouchStatus = std::tuple<float, float, bool>;
+using TouchStatus = std::array<std::tuple<float, float, bool>, 16>;
 
 /**
  * A touch device is an input device that returns a touch status object

src/core/frontend/input_interpreter.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ void InputInterpreter::PollInput() {
     button_states[current_index] = button_state;
 }
 
+bool InputInterpreter::IsButtonPressed(HIDButton button) const {
+    return (button_states[current_index] & (1U << static_cast<u8>(button))) != 0;
+}
+
 bool InputInterpreter::IsButtonPressedOnce(HIDButton button) const {
     const bool current_press =
         (button_states[current_index] & (1U << static_cast<u8>(button))) != 0;

src/core/frontend/input_interpreter.h

@@ -66,6 +66,27 @@ public:
     /// Gets a button state from HID and inserts it into the array of button states.
     void PollInput();
 
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the button is pressed.
+     *
+     * @param button The button to check.
+     *
+     * @returns True when the button is pressed.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsButtonPressed(HIDButton button) const;
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether any of the buttons in the parameter list is pressed.
+     *
+     * @tparam HIDButton The buttons to check.
+     *
+     * @returns True when at least one of the buttons is pressed.
+     */
+    template <HIDButton... T>
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsAnyButtonPressed() {
+        return (IsButtonPressed(T) || ...);
+    }
+
     /**
      * The specified button is considered to be pressed once
      * if it is currently pressed and not pressed previously.
@@ -79,12 +100,12 @@ public:
     /**
      * Checks whether any of the buttons in the parameter list is pressed once.
      *
-     * @tparam HIDButton The buttons to check.
+     * @tparam T The buttons to check.
      *
      * @returns True when at least one of the buttons is pressed once.
      */
     template <HIDButton... T>
-    [[nodiscard]] bool IsAnyButtonPressedOnce() {
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsAnyButtonPressedOnce() const {
         return (IsButtonPressedOnce(T) || ...);
     }
 
@@ -100,12 +121,12 @@ public:
     /**
      * Checks whether any of the buttons in the parameter list is held down.
      *
-     * @tparam HIDButton The buttons to check.
+     * @tparam T The buttons to check.
      *
      * @returns True when at least one of the buttons is held down.
      */
     template <HIDButton... T>
-    [[nodiscard]] bool IsAnyButtonHeld() {
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsAnyButtonHeld() const {
         return (IsButtonHeld(T) || ...);
     }
 

src/core/hle/ipc.h

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ static_assert(sizeof(BufferDescriptorC) == 8, "BufferDescriptorC size is incorre
 
 struct DataPayloadHeader {
     u32_le magic;
-    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(DataPayloadHeader) == 8, "DataPayloadHeader size is incorrect");
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ struct DomainMessageHeader {
         // Used when responding to an IPC request, Server -> Client.
         struct {
             u32_le num_objects;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(3);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(3);
         };
 
         // Used when performing an IPC request, Client -> Server.
@@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ struct DomainMessageHeader {
                 BitField<16, 16, u32> size;
             };
             u32_le object_id;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(2);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(2);
         };
 
-        std::array<u32, 4> raw{};
+        std::array<u32, 4> raw;
     };
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(DomainMessageHeader) == 16, "DomainMessageHeader size is incorrect");

src/core/hle/kernel/k_priority_queue.h

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <bit>
 #include <concepts>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/bit_set.h"
-#include "common/bit_util.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/concepts.h"
 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ private:
     }
 
     constexpr s32 GetNextCore(u64& affinity) {
-        const s32 core = Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(affinity);
+        const s32 core = std::countr_zero(affinity);
         ClearAffinityBit(affinity, core);
         return core;
     }

src/core/hle/kernel/k_scheduler.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 // This file references various implementation details from Atmosphere, an open-source firmware for
 // the Nintendo Switch. Copyright 2018-2020 Atmosphere-NX.
 
+#include <bit>
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/bit_util.h"
 #include "common/fiber.h"
@@ -31,12 +33,12 @@ static void IncrementScheduledCount(Kernel::Thread* thread) {
 
 void KScheduler::RescheduleCores(KernelCore& kernel, u64 cores_pending_reschedule,
                                  Core::EmuThreadHandle global_thread) {
-    u32 current_core = global_thread.host_handle;
+    const u32 current_core = global_thread.host_handle;
     bool must_context_switch = global_thread.guest_handle != InvalidHandle &&
                                (current_core < Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES);
 
     while (cores_pending_reschedule != 0) {
-        u32 core = Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(cores_pending_reschedule);
+        const auto core = static_cast<u32>(std::countr_zero(cores_pending_reschedule));
         ASSERT(core < Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES);
         if (!must_context_switch || core != current_core) {
             auto& phys_core = kernel.PhysicalCore(core);
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ u64 KScheduler::UpdateHighestPriorityThreadsImpl(KernelCore& kernel) {
 
     // Idle cores are bad. We're going to try to migrate threads to each idle core in turn.
     while (idle_cores != 0) {
-        u32 core_id = Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(idle_cores);
+        const auto core_id = static_cast<u32>(std::countr_zero(idle_cores));
         if (Thread* suggested = priority_queue.GetSuggestedFront(core_id); suggested != nullptr) {
             s32 migration_candidates[Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES];
             size_t num_candidates = 0;

src/core/hle/kernel/memory/page_heap.h

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <bit>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/bit_util.h"
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/memory/memory_types.h"
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ private:
                         ASSERT(depth == 0);
                         return -1;
                     }
-                    offset = offset * 64 + Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(v);
+                    offset = offset * 64 + static_cast<u32>(std::countr_zero(v));
                     ++depth;
                 } while (depth < static_cast<s32>(used_depths));
 

src/core/hle/kernel/process_capability.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <bit>
+
 #include "common/bit_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/errors.h"
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ constexpr CapabilityType GetCapabilityType(u32 value) {
 
 u32 GetFlagBitOffset(CapabilityType type) {
     const auto value = static_cast<u32>(type);
-    return static_cast<u32>(Common::BitSize<u32>() - Common::CountLeadingZeroes32(value));
+    return static_cast<u32>(Common::BitSize<u32>() - static_cast<u32>(std::countl_zero(value)));
 }
 
 } // Anonymous namespace

src/core/hle/service/acc/acc.cpp

@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ private:
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
     }
 
-    Common::UUID user_id;
+    Common::UUID user_id{Common::INVALID_UUID};
 };
 
 // 6.0.0+

src/core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.cpp

@@ -227,17 +227,17 @@ void ProfileManager::CloseUser(UUID uuid) {
 
 /// Gets all valid user ids on the system
 UserIDArray ProfileManager::GetAllUsers() const {
-    UserIDArray output;
-    std::transform(profiles.begin(), profiles.end(), output.begin(),
-                   [](const ProfileInfo& p) { return p.user_uuid; });
+    UserIDArray output{};
+    std::ranges::transform(profiles, output.begin(),
+                           [](const ProfileInfo& p) { return p.user_uuid; });
     return output;
 }
 
 /// Get all the open users on the system and zero out the rest of the data. This is specifically
 /// needed for GetOpenUsers and we need to ensure the rest of the output buffer is zero'd out
 UserIDArray ProfileManager::GetOpenUsers() const {
-    UserIDArray output;
-    std::transform(profiles.begin(), profiles.end(), output.begin(), [](const ProfileInfo& p) {
+    UserIDArray output{};
+    std::ranges::transform(profiles, output.begin(), [](const ProfileInfo& p) {
         if (p.is_open)
             return p.user_uuid;
         return UUID{Common::INVALID_UUID};

src/core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.h

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ using UserIDArray = std::array<Common::UUID, MAX_USERS>;
 /// Contains extra data related to a user.
 /// TODO: RE this structure
 struct ProfileData {
-    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-    u32 icon_id{};
-    u8 bg_color_id{};
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x7);
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x10);
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x60);
+    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+    u32 icon_id;
+    u8 bg_color_id;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x7);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x10);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x60);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(ProfileData) == 0x80, "ProfileData structure has incorrect size");
 
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ struct ProfileInfo {
 };
 
 struct ProfileBase {
-    Common::UUID user_uuid{Common::INVALID_UUID};
-    u64_le timestamp{};
-    ProfileUsername username{};
+    Common::UUID user_uuid;
+    u64_le timestamp;
+    ProfileUsername username;
 
     // Zero out all the fields to make the profile slot considered "Empty"
     void Invalidate() {

src/core/hle/service/am/applets/error.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ namespace Service::AM::Applets {
 struct ShowError {
     u8 mode;
     bool jump;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(4);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(4);
     bool use_64bit_error_code;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(1);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);
     u64 error_code_64;
     u32 error_code_32;
 };
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ static_assert(sizeof(ShowError) == 0x14, "ShowError has incorrect size.");
 struct ShowErrorRecord {
     u8 mode;
     bool jump;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(6);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(6);
     u64 error_code_64;
     u64 posix_time;
 };
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static_assert(sizeof(ShowErrorRecord) == 0x18, "ShowErrorRecord has incorrect si
 struct SystemErrorArg {
     u8 mode;
     bool jump;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(6);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(6);
     u64 error_code_64;
     std::array<char, 8> language_code;
     std::array<char, 0x800> main_text;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static_assert(sizeof(SystemErrorArg) == 0x1018, "SystemErrorArg has incorrect si
 struct ApplicationErrorArg {
     u8 mode;
     bool jump;
-    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(6);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(6);
     u32 error_code;
     std::array<char, 8> language_code;
     std::array<char, 0x800> main_text;

src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ constexpr int DefaultSampleRate{48000};
 struct AudoutParams {
     s32_le sample_rate;
     u16_le channel_count;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(2);
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(2);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(AudoutParams) == 0x8, "AudoutParams is an invalid size");
 

src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.cpp

@@ -141,7 +141,9 @@ bool Controller_NPad::IsDeviceHandleValid(const DeviceHandle& device_handle) {
            device_handle.device_index < DeviceIndex::MaxDeviceIndex;
 }
 
-Controller_NPad::Controller_NPad(Core::System& system) : ControllerBase(system), system(system) {}
+Controller_NPad::Controller_NPad(Core::System& system) : ControllerBase(system), system(system) {
+    latest_vibration_values.fill({DEFAULT_VIBRATION_VALUE, DEFAULT_VIBRATION_VALUE});
+}
 
 Controller_NPad::~Controller_NPad() {
     OnRelease();
@@ -732,7 +734,7 @@ bool Controller_NPad::VibrateControllerAtIndex(std::size_t npad_index, std::size
             // Send an empty vibration to stop any vibrations.
             vibrations[npad_index][device_index]->SetRumblePlay(0.0f, 160.0f, 0.0f, 320.0f);
             // Then reset the vibration value to its default value.
-            latest_vibration_values[npad_index][device_index] = {};
+            latest_vibration_values[npad_index][device_index] = DEFAULT_VIBRATION_VALUE;
         }
 
         return false;
@@ -890,7 +892,7 @@ void Controller_NPad::UpdateControllerAt(NPadControllerType controller, std::siz
         return;
     }
 
-    if (controller == NPadControllerType::Handheld) {
+    if (controller == NPadControllerType::Handheld && npad_index == HANDHELD_INDEX) {
         Settings::values.players.GetValue()[HANDHELD_INDEX].controller_type =
             MapNPadToSettingsType(controller);
         Settings::values.players.GetValue()[HANDHELD_INDEX].connected = true;

src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.h

@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ public:
     };
 
     struct DeviceHandle {
-        NpadType npad_type{};
-        u8 npad_id{};
-        DeviceIndex device_index{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(1);
+        NpadType npad_type;
+        u8 npad_id;
+        DeviceIndex device_index;
+        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(DeviceHandle) == 4, "DeviceHandle is an invalid size");
 
@@ -120,13 +120,20 @@ public:
     static_assert(sizeof(NpadStyleSet) == 4, "NpadStyleSet is an invalid size");
 
     struct VibrationValue {
-        f32 amp_low{0.0f};
-        f32 freq_low{160.0f};
-        f32 amp_high{0.0f};
-        f32 freq_high{320.0f};
+        f32 amp_low;
+        f32 freq_low;
+        f32 amp_high;
+        f32 freq_high;
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(VibrationValue) == 0x10, "Vibration is an invalid size");
 
+    static constexpr VibrationValue DEFAULT_VIBRATION_VALUE{
+        .amp_low = 0.0f,
+        .freq_low = 160.0f,
+        .amp_high = 0.0f,
+        .freq_high = 320.0f,
+    };
+
     struct LedPattern {
         explicit LedPattern(u64 light1, u64 light2, u64 light3, u64 light4) {
             position1.Assign(light1);

src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/touchscreen.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
@@ -16,7 +17,13 @@ constexpr std::size_t SHARED_MEMORY_OFFSET = 0x400;
 Controller_Touchscreen::Controller_Touchscreen(Core::System& system) : ControllerBase(system) {}
 Controller_Touchscreen::~Controller_Touchscreen() = default;
 
-void Controller_Touchscreen::OnInit() {}
+void Controller_Touchscreen::OnInit() {
+    for (std::size_t id = 0; id < MAX_FINGERS; ++id) {
+        mouse_finger_id[id] = MAX_FINGERS;
+        keyboard_finger_id[id] = MAX_FINGERS;
+        udp_finger_id[id] = MAX_FINGERS;
+    }
+}
 
 void Controller_Touchscreen::OnRelease() {}
 
@@ -40,38 +47,106 @@ void Controller_Touchscreen::OnUpdate(const Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timin
     cur_entry.sampling_number = last_entry.sampling_number + 1;
     cur_entry.sampling_number2 = cur_entry.sampling_number;
 
-    bool pressed = false;
-    float x, y;
-    std::tie(x, y, pressed) = touch_device->GetStatus();
-    auto& touch_entry = cur_entry.states[0];
-    touch_entry.attribute.raw = 0;
-    if (!pressed && touch_btn_device) {
-        std::tie(x, y, pressed) = touch_btn_device->GetStatus();
-    }
-    if (pressed && Settings::values.touchscreen.enabled) {
-        touch_entry.x = static_cast<u16>(x * Layout::ScreenUndocked::Width);
-        touch_entry.y = static_cast<u16>(y * Layout::ScreenUndocked::Height);
-        touch_entry.diameter_x = Settings::values.touchscreen.diameter_x;
-        touch_entry.diameter_y = Settings::values.touchscreen.diameter_y;
-        touch_entry.rotation_angle = Settings::values.touchscreen.rotation_angle;
-        const u64 tick = core_timing.GetCPUTicks();
-        touch_entry.delta_time = tick - last_touch;
-        last_touch = tick;
-        touch_entry.finger = Settings::values.touchscreen.finger;
-        cur_entry.entry_count = 1;
-    } else {
-        cur_entry.entry_count = 0;
+    const Input::TouchStatus& mouse_status = touch_mouse_device->GetStatus();
+    const Input::TouchStatus& udp_status = touch_udp_device->GetStatus();
+    for (std::size_t id = 0; id < mouse_status.size(); ++id) {
+        mouse_finger_id[id] = UpdateTouchInputEvent(mouse_status[id], mouse_finger_id[id]);
+        udp_finger_id[id] = UpdateTouchInputEvent(udp_status[id], udp_finger_id[id]);
     }
 
+    if (Settings::values.use_touch_from_button) {
+        const Input::TouchStatus& keyboard_status = touch_btn_device->GetStatus();
+        for (std::size_t id = 0; id < mouse_status.size(); ++id) {
+            keyboard_finger_id[id] =
+                UpdateTouchInputEvent(keyboard_status[id], keyboard_finger_id[id]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::array<Finger, 16> active_fingers;
+    const auto end_iter = std::copy_if(fingers.begin(), fingers.end(), active_fingers.begin(),
+                                       [](const auto& finger) { return finger.pressed; });
+    const auto active_fingers_count =
+        static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(active_fingers.begin(), end_iter));
+
+    const u64 tick = core_timing.GetCPUTicks();
+    cur_entry.entry_count = static_cast<s32_le>(active_fingers_count);
+    for (std::size_t id = 0; id < MAX_FINGERS; ++id) {
+        auto& touch_entry = cur_entry.states[id];
+        if (id < active_fingers_count) {
+            touch_entry.x = static_cast<u16>(active_fingers[id].x * Layout::ScreenUndocked::Width);
+            touch_entry.y = static_cast<u16>(active_fingers[id].y * Layout::ScreenUndocked::Height);
+            touch_entry.diameter_x = Settings::values.touchscreen.diameter_x;
+            touch_entry.diameter_y = Settings::values.touchscreen.diameter_y;
+            touch_entry.rotation_angle = Settings::values.touchscreen.rotation_angle;
+            touch_entry.delta_time = tick - active_fingers[id].last_touch;
+            fingers[active_fingers[id].id].last_touch = tick;
+            touch_entry.finger = active_fingers[id].id;
+            touch_entry.attribute.raw = active_fingers[id].attribute.raw;
+        } else {
+            // Clear touch entry
+            touch_entry.attribute.raw = 0;
+            touch_entry.x = 0;
+            touch_entry.y = 0;
+            touch_entry.diameter_x = 0;
+            touch_entry.diameter_y = 0;
+            touch_entry.rotation_angle = 0;
+            touch_entry.delta_time = 0;
+            touch_entry.finger = 0;
+        }
+    }
     std::memcpy(data + SHARED_MEMORY_OFFSET, &shared_memory, sizeof(TouchScreenSharedMemory));
 }
 
 void Controller_Touchscreen::OnLoadInputDevices() {
-    touch_device = Input::CreateDevice<Input::TouchDevice>(Settings::values.touchscreen.device);
-    if (Settings::values.use_touch_from_button) {
-        touch_btn_device = Input::CreateDevice<Input::TouchDevice>("engine:touch_from_button");
-    } else {
-        touch_btn_device.reset();
-    }
+    touch_mouse_device = Input::CreateDevice<Input::TouchDevice>("engine:emu_window");
+    touch_udp_device = Input::CreateDevice<Input::TouchDevice>("engine:cemuhookudp");
+    touch_btn_device = Input::CreateDevice<Input::TouchDevice>("engine:touch_from_button");
 }
+
+std::optional<std::size_t> Controller_Touchscreen::GetUnusedFingerID() const {
+    std::size_t first_free_id = 0;
+    while (first_free_id < MAX_FINGERS) {
+        if (!fingers[first_free_id].pressed) {
+            return first_free_id;
+        } else {
+            first_free_id++;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+std::size_t Controller_Touchscreen::UpdateTouchInputEvent(
+    const std::tuple<float, float, bool>& touch_input, std::size_t finger_id) {
+    const auto& [x, y, pressed] = touch_input;
+    if (pressed) {
+        Attributes attribute{};
+        if (finger_id == MAX_FINGERS) {
+            const auto first_free_id = GetUnusedFingerID();
+            if (!first_free_id) {
+                // Invalid finger id do nothing
+                return MAX_FINGERS;
+            }
+            finger_id = first_free_id.value();
+            fingers[finger_id].pressed = true;
+            fingers[finger_id].id = static_cast<u32_le>(finger_id);
+            attribute.start_touch.Assign(1);
+        }
+        fingers[finger_id].x = x;
+        fingers[finger_id].y = y;
+        fingers[finger_id].attribute = attribute;
+        return finger_id;
+    }
+
+    if (finger_id != MAX_FINGERS) {
+        if (!fingers[finger_id].attribute.end_touch) {
+            fingers[finger_id].attribute.end_touch.Assign(1);
+            fingers[finger_id].attribute.start_touch.Assign(0);
+            return finger_id;
+        }
+        fingers[finger_id].pressed = false;
+    }
+
+    return MAX_FINGERS;
+}
+
 } // namespace Service::HID

src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/touchscreen.h

@@ -30,6 +30,18 @@ public:
     void OnLoadInputDevices() override;
 
 private:
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_FINGERS = 16;
+
+    // Returns an unused finger id, if there is no fingers available std::nullopt will be returned
+    std::optional<std::size_t> GetUnusedFingerID() const;
+
+    // If the touch is new it tries to assing a new finger id, if there is no fingers avaliable no
+    // changes will be made. Updates the coordinates if the finger id it's already set. If the touch
+    // ends delays the output by one frame to set the end_touch flag before finally freeing the
+    // finger id
+    std::size_t UpdateTouchInputEvent(const std::tuple<float, float, bool>& touch_input,
+                                      std::size_t finger_id);
+
     struct Attributes {
         union {
             u32 raw{};
@@ -55,7 +67,7 @@ private:
         s64_le sampling_number;
         s64_le sampling_number2;
         s32_le entry_count;
-        std::array<TouchState, 16> states;
+        std::array<TouchState, MAX_FINGERS> states;
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(TouchScreenEntry) == 0x298, "TouchScreenEntry is an invalid size");
 
@@ -66,9 +78,23 @@ private:
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(TouchScreenSharedMemory) == 0x3000,
                   "TouchScreenSharedMemory is an invalid size");
+
+    struct Finger {
+        u64_le last_touch{};
+        float x{};
+        float y{};
+        u32_le id{};
+        bool pressed{};
+        Attributes attribute;
+    };
+
     TouchScreenSharedMemory shared_memory{};
-    std::unique_ptr<Input::TouchDevice> touch_device;
+    std::unique_ptr<Input::TouchDevice> touch_mouse_device;
+    std::unique_ptr<Input::TouchDevice> touch_udp_device;
     std::unique_ptr<Input::TouchDevice> touch_btn_device;
-    s64_le last_touch{};
+    std::array<std::size_t, MAX_FINGERS> mouse_finger_id;
+    std::array<std::size_t, MAX_FINGERS> keyboard_finger_id;
+    std::array<std::size_t, MAX_FINGERS> udp_finger_id;
+    std::array<Finger, MAX_FINGERS> fingers;
 };
 } // namespace Service::HID

src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp

@@ -401,9 +401,9 @@ void Hid::SendKeyboardLockKeyEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::ActivateXpad(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 basic_xpad_id{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        u32 basic_xpad_id;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -431,9 +431,9 @@ void Hid::GetXpadIDs(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::ActivateSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -452,9 +452,9 @@ void Hid::ActivateSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::DeactivateSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -473,9 +473,9 @@ void Hid::DeactivateSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::StartSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -494,9 +494,9 @@ void Hid::StartSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::StopSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -515,10 +515,10 @@ void Hid::StopSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::EnableSixAxisSensorFusion(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        bool enable_sixaxis_sensor_fusion{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(3);
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        bool enable_sixaxis_sensor_fusion;
+        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -556,9 +556,9 @@ void Hid::SetGyroscopeZeroDriftMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::GetGyroscopeZeroDriftMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -577,9 +577,9 @@ void Hid::GetGyroscopeZeroDriftMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::ResetGyroscopeZeroDriftMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -599,9 +599,9 @@ void Hid::ResetGyroscopeZeroDriftMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::IsSixAxisSensorAtRest(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -620,9 +620,9 @@ void Hid::IsSixAxisSensorAtRest(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::ActivateGesture(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 unknown{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        u32 unknown;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -702,10 +702,10 @@ void Hid::DeactivateNpad(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::AcquireNpadStyleSetUpdateEventHandle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 npad_id{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
-        u64 unknown{};
+        u32 npad_id;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
+        u64 unknown;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -722,9 +722,9 @@ void Hid::AcquireNpadStyleSetUpdateEventHandle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::DisconnectNpad(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 npad_id{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        u32 npad_id;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -756,9 +756,9 @@ void Hid::ActivateNpadWithRevision(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     // Should have no effect with how our npad sets up the data
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 unknown{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        u32 unknown;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -800,9 +800,9 @@ void Hid::GetNpadJoyHoldType(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::SetNpadJoyAssignmentModeSingleByDefault(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 npad_id{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        u32 npad_id;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -821,10 +821,10 @@ void Hid::SetNpadJoyAssignmentModeSingle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     // TODO: Check the differences between this and SetNpadJoyAssignmentModeSingleByDefault
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 npad_id{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
-        u64 npad_joy_device_type{};
+        u32 npad_id;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
+        u64 npad_joy_device_type;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -844,9 +844,9 @@ void Hid::SetNpadJoyAssignmentModeSingle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::SetNpadJoyAssignmentModeDual(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 npad_id{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        u32 npad_id;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -952,9 +952,9 @@ void Hid::SwapNpadAssignment(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::IsUnintendedHomeButtonInputProtectionEnabled(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        u32 npad_id{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        u32 npad_id;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -971,10 +971,10 @@ void Hid::IsUnintendedHomeButtonInputProtectionEnabled(Kernel::HLERequestContext
 void Hid::EnableUnintendedHomeButtonInputProtection(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        bool unintended_home_button_input_protection{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(3);
-        u32 npad_id{};
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        bool unintended_home_button_input_protection;
+        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);
+        u32 npad_id;
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -1026,10 +1026,10 @@ void Hid::GetVibrationDeviceInfo(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::SendVibrationValue(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle vibration_device_handle{};
-        Controller_NPad::VibrationValue vibration_value{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle vibration_device_handle;
+        Controller_NPad::VibrationValue vibration_value;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -1050,9 +1050,9 @@ void Hid::SendVibrationValue(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::GetActualVibrationValue(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle vibration_device_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle vibration_device_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -1147,9 +1147,9 @@ void Hid::EndPermitVibrationSession(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::IsVibrationDeviceMounted(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle vibration_device_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle vibration_device_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -1180,9 +1180,9 @@ void Hid::ActivateConsoleSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::StartConsoleSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};
@@ -1200,9 +1200,9 @@ void Hid::StartConsoleSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 void Hid::StopConsoleSixAxisSensor(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     struct Parameters {
-        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle{};
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-        u64 applet_resource_user_id{};
+        Controller_NPad::DeviceHandle sixaxis_handle;
+        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
+        u64 applet_resource_user_id;
     };
 
     const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<Parameters>()};

src/core/hle/service/mii/manager.cpp

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ MiiInfo ConvertStoreDataToInfo(const MiiStoreData& data) {
         .mole_scale = static_cast<u8>(bf.mole_scale.Value()),
         .mole_x = static_cast<u8>(bf.mole_x.Value()),
         .mole_y = static_cast<u8>(bf.mole_y.Value()),
+        .padding = 0,
     };
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/mii/manager.h

@@ -27,58 +27,58 @@ enum class SourceFlag : u32 {
 DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(SourceFlag);
 
 struct MiiInfo {
-    Common::UUID uuid{Common::INVALID_UUID};
-    std::array<char16_t, 11> name{};
-    u8 font_region{};
-    u8 favorite_color{};
-    u8 gender{};
-    u8 height{};
-    u8 build{};
-    u8 type{};
-    u8 region_move{};
-    u8 faceline_type{};
-    u8 faceline_color{};
-    u8 faceline_wrinkle{};
-    u8 faceline_make{};
-    u8 hair_type{};
-    u8 hair_color{};
-    u8 hair_flip{};
-    u8 eye_type{};
-    u8 eye_color{};
-    u8 eye_scale{};
-    u8 eye_aspect{};
-    u8 eye_rotate{};
-    u8 eye_x{};
-    u8 eye_y{};
-    u8 eyebrow_type{};
-    u8 eyebrow_color{};
-    u8 eyebrow_scale{};
-    u8 eyebrow_aspect{};
-    u8 eyebrow_rotate{};
-    u8 eyebrow_x{};
-    u8 eyebrow_y{};
-    u8 nose_type{};
-    u8 nose_scale{};
-    u8 nose_y{};
-    u8 mouth_type{};
-    u8 mouth_color{};
-    u8 mouth_scale{};
-    u8 mouth_aspect{};
-    u8 mouth_y{};
-    u8 beard_color{};
-    u8 beard_type{};
-    u8 mustache_type{};
-    u8 mustache_scale{};
-    u8 mustache_y{};
-    u8 glasses_type{};
-    u8 glasses_color{};
-    u8 glasses_scale{};
-    u8 glasses_y{};
-    u8 mole_type{};
-    u8 mole_scale{};
-    u8 mole_x{};
-    u8 mole_y{};
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(1);
+    Common::UUID uuid;
+    std::array<char16_t, 11> name;
+    u8 font_region;
+    u8 favorite_color;
+    u8 gender;
+    u8 height;
+    u8 build;
+    u8 type;
+    u8 region_move;
+    u8 faceline_type;
+    u8 faceline_color;
+    u8 faceline_wrinkle;
+    u8 faceline_make;
+    u8 hair_type;
+    u8 hair_color;
+    u8 hair_flip;
+    u8 eye_type;
+    u8 eye_color;
+    u8 eye_scale;
+    u8 eye_aspect;
+    u8 eye_rotate;
+    u8 eye_x;
+    u8 eye_y;
+    u8 eyebrow_type;
+    u8 eyebrow_color;
+    u8 eyebrow_scale;
+    u8 eyebrow_aspect;
+    u8 eyebrow_rotate;
+    u8 eyebrow_x;
+    u8 eyebrow_y;
+    u8 nose_type;
+    u8 nose_scale;
+    u8 nose_y;
+    u8 mouth_type;
+    u8 mouth_color;
+    u8 mouth_scale;
+    u8 mouth_aspect;
+    u8 mouth_y;
+    u8 beard_color;
+    u8 beard_type;
+    u8 mustache_type;
+    u8 mustache_scale;
+    u8 mustache_y;
+    u8 glasses_type;
+    u8 glasses_color;
+    u8 glasses_scale;
+    u8 glasses_y;
+    u8 mole_type;
+    u8 mole_scale;
+    u8 mole_x;
+    u8 mole_y;
+    u8 padding;
 
     std::u16string Name() const;
 };
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public:
     ResultCode GetIndex(const MiiInfo& info, u32& index);
 
 private:
-    const Common::UUID user_id;
+    const Common::UUID user_id{Common::INVALID_UUID};
     u64 update_counter{};
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/time/clock_types.h

@@ -73,19 +73,19 @@ struct TimeSpanType {
 static_assert(sizeof(TimeSpanType) == 8, "TimeSpanType is incorrect size");
 
 struct ClockSnapshot {
-    SystemClockContext user_context{};
-    SystemClockContext network_context{};
-    s64 user_time{};
-    s64 network_time{};
-    TimeZone::CalendarTime user_calendar_time{};
-    TimeZone::CalendarTime network_calendar_time{};
-    TimeZone::CalendarAdditionalInfo user_calendar_additional_time{};
-    TimeZone::CalendarAdditionalInfo network_calendar_additional_time{};
-    SteadyClockTimePoint steady_clock_time_point{};
-    TimeZone::LocationName location_name{};
-    u8 is_automatic_correction_enabled{};
-    u8 type{};
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x2);
+    SystemClockContext user_context;
+    SystemClockContext network_context;
+    s64 user_time;
+    s64 network_time;
+    TimeZone::CalendarTime user_calendar_time;
+    TimeZone::CalendarTime network_calendar_time;
+    TimeZone::CalendarAdditionalInfo user_calendar_additional_time;
+    TimeZone::CalendarAdditionalInfo network_calendar_additional_time;
+    SteadyClockTimePoint steady_clock_time_point;
+    TimeZone::LocationName location_name;
+    u8 is_automatic_correction_enabled;
+    u8 type;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x2);
 
     static ResultCode GetCurrentTime(s64& current_time,
                                      const SteadyClockTimePoint& steady_clock_time_point,

src/core/hle/service/time/time_zone_types.h

@@ -45,23 +45,23 @@ static_assert(sizeof(TimeZoneRule) == 0x4000, "TimeZoneRule is incorrect size");
 
 /// https://switchbrew.org/wiki/Glue_services#CalendarAdditionalInfo
 struct CalendarAdditionalInfo {
-    u32 day_of_week{};
-    u32 day_of_year{};
+    u32 day_of_week;
+    u32 day_of_year;
     std::array<char, 8> timezone_name;
-    u32 is_dst{};
-    s32 gmt_offset{};
+    u32 is_dst;
+    s32 gmt_offset;
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(CalendarAdditionalInfo) == 0x18, "CalendarAdditionalInfo is incorrect size");
 
 /// https://switchbrew.org/wiki/Glue_services#CalendarTime
 struct CalendarTime {
-    s16 year{};
-    s8 month{};
-    s8 day{};
-    s8 hour{};
-    s8 minute{};
-    s8 second{};
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(1);
+    s16 year;
+    s8 month;
+    s8 day;
+    s8 hour;
+    s8 minute;
+    s8 second;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(CalendarTime) == 0x8, "CalendarTime is incorrect size");
 

src/input_common/touch_from_button.cpp

@@ -25,18 +25,19 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    std::tuple<float, float, bool> GetStatus() const override {
-        for (const auto& m : map) {
-            const bool state = std::get<0>(m)->GetStatus();
+    Input::TouchStatus GetStatus() const override {
+        Input::TouchStatus touch_status{};
+        for (std::size_t id = 0; id < map.size() && id < touch_status.size(); ++id) {
+            const bool state = std::get<0>(map[id])->GetStatus();
             if (state) {
-                const float x = static_cast<float>(std::get<1>(m)) /
+                const float x = static_cast<float>(std::get<1>(map[id])) /
                                 static_cast<int>(Layout::ScreenUndocked::Width);
-                const float y = static_cast<float>(std::get<2>(m)) /
+                const float y = static_cast<float>(std::get<2>(map[id])) /
                                 static_cast<int>(Layout::ScreenUndocked::Height);
-                return {x, y, true};
+                touch_status[id] = {x, y, true};
             }
         }
-        return {};
+        return touch_status;
     }
 
 private:

src/input_common/udp/client.cpp

@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ static void SocketLoop(Socket* socket) {
 
 Client::Client() {
     LOG_INFO(Input, "Udp Initialization started");
+    finger_id.fill(MAX_TOUCH_FINGERS);
     ReloadSockets();
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ void Client::ReloadSockets() {
     std::string server_token;
     std::size_t client = 0;
     while (std::getline(servers_ss, server_token, ',')) {
-        if (client == max_udp_clients) {
+        if (client == MAX_UDP_CLIENTS) {
             break;
         }
         std::stringstream server_ss(server_token);
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ void Client::ReloadSockets() {
         for (std::size_t pad = 0; pad < 4; ++pad) {
             const std::size_t client_number =
                 GetClientNumber(udp_input_address, udp_input_port, pad);
-            if (client_number != max_udp_clients) {
+            if (client_number != MAX_UDP_CLIENTS) {
                 LOG_ERROR(Input, "Duplicated UDP servers found");
                 continue;
             }
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ std::size_t Client::GetClientNumber(std::string_view host, u16 port, std::size_t
             return client;
         }
     }
-    return max_udp_clients;
+    return MAX_UDP_CLIENTS;
 }
 
 void Client::OnVersion([[maybe_unused]] Response::Version data) {
@@ -259,33 +260,14 @@ void Client::OnPadData(Response::PadData data, std::size_t client) {
         std::lock_guard guard(clients[client].status.update_mutex);
         clients[client].status.motion_status = clients[client].motion.GetMotion();
 
-        // TODO: add a setting for "click" touch. Click touch refers to a device that differentiates
-        // between a simple "tap" and a hard press that causes the touch screen to click.
-        const bool is_active = data.touch_1.is_active != 0;
-
-        float x = 0;
-        float y = 0;
-
-        if (is_active && clients[client].status.touch_calibration) {
-            const u16 min_x = clients[client].status.touch_calibration->min_x;
-            const u16 max_x = clients[client].status.touch_calibration->max_x;
-            const u16 min_y = clients[client].status.touch_calibration->min_y;
-            const u16 max_y = clients[client].status.touch_calibration->max_y;
-
-            x = static_cast<float>(std::clamp(static_cast<u16>(data.touch_1.x), min_x, max_x) -
-                                   min_x) /
-                static_cast<float>(max_x - min_x);
-            y = static_cast<float>(std::clamp(static_cast<u16>(data.touch_1.y), min_y, max_y) -
-                                   min_y) /
-                static_cast<float>(max_y - min_y);
+        for (std::size_t id = 0; id < data.touch.size(); ++id) {
+            UpdateTouchInput(data.touch[id], client, id);
         }
 
-        clients[client].status.touch_status = {x, y, is_active};
-
         if (configuring) {
             const Common::Vec3f gyroscope = clients[client].motion.GetGyroscope();
             const Common::Vec3f accelerometer = clients[client].motion.GetAcceleration();
-            UpdateYuzuSettings(client, accelerometer, gyroscope, is_active);
+            UpdateYuzuSettings(client, accelerometer, gyroscope);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -320,21 +302,17 @@ void Client::Reset() {
 }
 
 void Client::UpdateYuzuSettings(std::size_t client, const Common::Vec3<float>& acc,
-                                const Common::Vec3<float>& gyro, bool touch) {
+                                const Common::Vec3<float>& gyro) {
     if (gyro.Length() > 0.2f) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(Input, "UDP Controller {}: gyro=({}, {}, {}), accel=({}, {}, {}), touch={}",
-                  client, gyro[0], gyro[1], gyro[2], acc[0], acc[1], acc[2], touch);
+        LOG_DEBUG(Input, "UDP Controller {}: gyro=({}, {}, {}), accel=({}, {}, {})", client,
+                  gyro[0], gyro[1], gyro[2], acc[0], acc[1], acc[2]);
     }
     UDPPadStatus pad{
         .host = clients[client].host,
         .port = clients[client].port,
         .pad_index = clients[client].pad_index,
     };
-    if (touch) {
-        pad.touch = PadTouch::Click;
-        pad_queue.Push(pad);
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
         if (gyro[i] > 5.0f || gyro[i] < -5.0f) {
             pad.motion = static_cast<PadMotion>(i);
             pad.motion_value = gyro[i];
@@ -348,6 +326,50 @@ void Client::UpdateYuzuSettings(std::size_t client, const Common::Vec3<float>& a
     }
 }
 
+std::optional<std::size_t> Client::GetUnusedFingerID() const {
+    std::size_t first_free_id = 0;
+    while (first_free_id < MAX_TOUCH_FINGERS) {
+        if (!std::get<2>(touch_status[first_free_id])) {
+            return first_free_id;
+        } else {
+            first_free_id++;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+void Client::UpdateTouchInput(Response::TouchPad& touch_pad, std::size_t client, std::size_t id) {
+    // TODO: Use custom calibration per device
+    const Common::ParamPackage touch_param(Settings::values.touch_device);
+    const u16 min_x = static_cast<u16>(touch_param.Get("min_x", 100));
+    const u16 min_y = static_cast<u16>(touch_param.Get("min_y", 50));
+    const u16 max_x = static_cast<u16>(touch_param.Get("max_x", 1800));
+    const u16 max_y = static_cast<u16>(touch_param.Get("max_y", 850));
+    const std::size_t touch_id = client * 2 + id;
+    if (touch_pad.is_active) {
+        if (finger_id[touch_id] == MAX_TOUCH_FINGERS) {
+            const auto first_free_id = GetUnusedFingerID();
+            if (!first_free_id) {
+                // Invalid finger id skip to next input
+                return;
+            }
+            finger_id[touch_id] = *first_free_id;
+        }
+        auto& [x, y, pressed] = touch_status[finger_id[touch_id]];
+        x = static_cast<float>(std::clamp(static_cast<u16>(touch_pad.x), min_x, max_x) - min_x) /
+            static_cast<float>(max_x - min_x);
+        y = static_cast<float>(std::clamp(static_cast<u16>(touch_pad.y), min_y, max_y) - min_y) /
+            static_cast<float>(max_y - min_y);
+        pressed = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (finger_id[touch_id] != MAX_TOUCH_FINGERS) {
+        touch_status[finger_id[touch_id]] = {};
+        finger_id[touch_id] = MAX_TOUCH_FINGERS;
+    }
+}
+
 void Client::BeginConfiguration() {
     pad_queue.Clear();
     configuring = true;
@@ -360,7 +382,7 @@ void Client::EndConfiguration() {
 
 DeviceStatus& Client::GetPadState(const std::string& host, u16 port, std::size_t pad) {
     const std::size_t client_number = GetClientNumber(host, port, pad);
-    if (client_number == max_udp_clients) {
+    if (client_number == MAX_UDP_CLIENTS) {
         return clients[0].status;
     }
     return clients[client_number].status;
@@ -368,12 +390,20 @@ DeviceStatus& Client::GetPadState(const std::string& host, u16 port, std::size_t
 
 const DeviceStatus& Client::GetPadState(const std::string& host, u16 port, std::size_t pad) const {
     const std::size_t client_number = GetClientNumber(host, port, pad);
-    if (client_number == max_udp_clients) {
+    if (client_number == MAX_UDP_CLIENTS) {
         return clients[0].status;
     }
     return clients[client_number].status;
 }
 
+Input::TouchStatus& Client::GetTouchState() {
+    return touch_status;
+}
+
+const Input::TouchStatus& Client::GetTouchState() const {
+    return touch_status;
+}
+
 Common::SPSCQueue<UDPPadStatus>& Client::GetPadQueue() {
     return pad_queue;
 }
@@ -426,24 +456,24 @@ CalibrationConfigurationJob::CalibrationConfigurationJob(
                                         current_status = Status::Ready;
                                         status_callback(current_status);
                                     }
-                                    if (data.touch_1.is_active == 0) {
+                                    if (data.touch[0].is_active == 0) {
                                         return;
                                     }
-                                    LOG_DEBUG(Input, "Current touch: {} {}", data.touch_1.x,
-                                              data.touch_1.y);
-                                    min_x = std::min(min_x, static_cast<u16>(data.touch_1.x));
-                                    min_y = std::min(min_y, static_cast<u16>(data.touch_1.y));
+                                    LOG_DEBUG(Input, "Current touch: {} {}", data.touch[0].x,
+                                              data.touch[0].y);
+                                    min_x = std::min(min_x, static_cast<u16>(data.touch[0].x));
+                                    min_y = std::min(min_y, static_cast<u16>(data.touch[0].y));
                                     if (current_status == Status::Ready) {
                                         // First touch - min data (min_x/min_y)
                                         current_status = Status::Stage1Completed;
                                         status_callback(current_status);
                                     }
-                                    if (data.touch_1.x - min_x > CALIBRATION_THRESHOLD &&
-                                        data.touch_1.y - min_y > CALIBRATION_THRESHOLD) {
+                                    if (data.touch[0].x - min_x > CALIBRATION_THRESHOLD &&
+                                        data.touch[0].y - min_y > CALIBRATION_THRESHOLD) {
                                         // Set the current position as max value and finishes
                                         // configuration
-                                        max_x = data.touch_1.x;
-                                        max_y = data.touch_1.y;
+                                        max_x = data.touch[0].x;
+                                        max_y = data.touch[0].y;
                                         current_status = Status::Completed;
                                         data_callback(min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y);
                                         status_callback(current_status);

src/input_common/udp/client.h

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class Socket;
 namespace Response {
 struct PadData;
 struct PortInfo;
+struct TouchPad;
 struct Version;
 } // namespace Response
 
@@ -50,7 +51,6 @@ struct UDPPadStatus {
     std::string host{"127.0.0.1"};
     u16 port{26760};
     std::size_t pad_index{};
-    PadTouch touch{PadTouch::Undefined};
     PadMotion motion{PadMotion::Undefined};
     f32 motion_value{0.0f};
 };
@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ public:
     DeviceStatus& GetPadState(const std::string& host, u16 port, std::size_t pad);
     const DeviceStatus& GetPadState(const std::string& host, u16 port, std::size_t pad) const;
 
+    Input::TouchStatus& GetTouchState();
+    const Input::TouchStatus& GetTouchState() const;
+
 private:
     struct ClientData {
         std::string host{"127.0.0.1"};
@@ -122,14 +125,25 @@ private:
     void StartCommunication(std::size_t client, const std::string& host, u16 port,
                             std::size_t pad_index, u32 client_id);
     void UpdateYuzuSettings(std::size_t client, const Common::Vec3<float>& acc,
-                            const Common::Vec3<float>& gyro, bool touch);
+                            const Common::Vec3<float>& gyro);
+
+    // Returns an unused finger id, if there is no fingers available std::nullopt will be
+    // returned
+    std::optional<std::size_t> GetUnusedFingerID() const;
+
+    // Merges and updates all touch inputs into the touch_status array
+    void UpdateTouchInput(Response::TouchPad& touch_pad, std::size_t client, std::size_t id);
 
     bool configuring = false;
 
     // Allocate clients for 8 udp servers
-    const std::size_t max_udp_clients = 32;
-    std::array<ClientData, 4 * 8> clients;
-    Common::SPSCQueue<UDPPadStatus> pad_queue;
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_UDP_CLIENTS = 4 * 8;
+    // Each client can have up 2 touch inputs
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_TOUCH_FINGERS = MAX_UDP_CLIENTS * 2;
+    std::array<ClientData, MAX_UDP_CLIENTS> clients{};
+    Common::SPSCQueue<UDPPadStatus> pad_queue{};
+    Input::TouchStatus touch_status{};
+    std::array<std::size_t, MAX_TOUCH_FINGERS> finger_id{};
 };
 
 /// An async job allowing configuration of the touchpad calibration.

src/input_common/udp/protocol.h

@@ -140,6 +140,14 @@ static_assert(sizeof(PortInfo) == 12, "UDP Response PortInfo struct has wrong si
 static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<PortInfo>,
               "UDP Response PortInfo is not trivially copyable");
 
+struct TouchPad {
+    u8 is_active{};
+    u8 id{};
+    u16_le x{};
+    u16_le y{};
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(TouchPad) == 6, "UDP Response TouchPad struct has wrong size ");
+
 #pragma pack(push, 1)
 struct PadData {
     PortInfo info{};
@@ -190,12 +198,7 @@ struct PadData {
         u8 button_13{};
     } analog_button;
 
-    struct TouchPad {
-        u8 is_active{};
-        u8 id{};
-        u16_le x{};
-        u16_le y{};
-    } touch_1, touch_2;
+    std::array<TouchPad, 2> touch;
 
     u64_le motion_timestamp;
 
@@ -222,7 +225,6 @@ static_assert(sizeof(Message<PadData>) == MAX_PACKET_SIZE,
 
 static_assert(sizeof(PadData::AnalogButton) == 12,
               "UDP Response AnalogButton struct has wrong size ");
-static_assert(sizeof(PadData::TouchPad) == 6, "UDP Response TouchPad struct has wrong size ");
 static_assert(sizeof(PadData::Accelerometer) == 12,
               "UDP Response Accelerometer struct has wrong size ");
 static_assert(sizeof(PadData::Gyroscope) == 12, "UDP Response Gyroscope struct has wrong size ");

src/input_common/udp/udp.cpp

@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ public:
     explicit UDPTouch(std::string ip_, u16 port_, u16 pad_, CemuhookUDP::Client* client_)
         : ip(std::move(ip_)), port(port_), pad(pad_), client(client_) {}
 
-    std::tuple<float, float, bool> GetStatus() const override {
-        return client->GetPadState(ip, port, pad).touch_status;
+    Input::TouchStatus GetStatus() const override {
+        return client->GetTouchState();
     }
 
 private:
@@ -107,32 +107,4 @@ std::unique_ptr<Input::TouchDevice> UDPTouchFactory::Create(const Common::ParamP
     return std::make_unique<UDPTouch>(std::move(ip), port, pad, client.get());
 }
 
-void UDPTouchFactory::BeginConfiguration() {
-    polling = true;
-    client->BeginConfiguration();
-}
-
-void UDPTouchFactory::EndConfiguration() {
-    polling = false;
-    client->EndConfiguration();
-}
-
-Common::ParamPackage UDPTouchFactory::GetNextInput() {
-    Common::ParamPackage params;
-    CemuhookUDP::UDPPadStatus pad;
-    auto& queue = client->GetPadQueue();
-    while (queue.Pop(pad)) {
-        if (pad.touch == CemuhookUDP::PadTouch::Undefined) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        params.Set("engine", "cemuhookudp");
-        params.Set("ip", pad.host);
-        params.Set("port", static_cast<u16>(pad.port));
-        params.Set("pad_index", static_cast<u16>(pad.pad_index));
-        params.Set("touch", static_cast<u16>(pad.touch));
-        return params;
-    }
-    return params;
-}
-
 } // namespace InputCommon

src/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 add_executable(tests
     common/bit_field.cpp
-    common/bit_utils.cpp
     common/fibers.cpp
     common/param_package.cpp
     common/ring_buffer.cpp
     core/core_timing.cpp
     tests.cpp
+    video_core/buffer_base.cpp
 )
 
 create_target_directory_groups(tests)

src/tests/common/bit_utils.cpp

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
-#include <math.h>
-#include "common/bit_util.h"
-
-namespace Common {
-
-TEST_CASE("BitUtils::CountTrailingZeroes", "[common]") {
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes32(0) == 32);
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(0) == 64);
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes32(9) == 0);
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes32(8) == 3);
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes32(0x801000) == 12);
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(9) == 0);
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(8) == 3);
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(0x801000) == 12);
-    REQUIRE(Common::CountTrailingZeroes64(0x801000000000UL) == 36);
-}
-
-} // namespace Common

src/tests/video_core/buffer_base.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_base.h"
+
+namespace {
+using VideoCommon::BufferBase;
+using Range = std::pair<u64, u64>;
+
+constexpr u64 PAGE = 4096;
+constexpr u64 WORD = 4096 * 64;
+
+constexpr VAddr c = 0x1328914000;
+
+class RasterizerInterface {
+public:
+    void UpdatePagesCachedCount(VAddr addr, u64 size, int delta) {
+        const u64 page_start{addr >> Core::Memory::PAGE_BITS};
+        const u64 page_end{(addr + size + Core::Memory::PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> Core::Memory::PAGE_BITS};
+        for (u64 page = page_start; page < page_end; ++page) {
+            int& value = page_table[page];
+            value += delta;
+            if (value < 0) {
+                throw std::logic_error{"negative page"};
+            }
+            if (value == 0) {
+                page_table.erase(page);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] int Count(VAddr addr) const noexcept {
+        const auto it = page_table.find(addr >> Core::Memory::PAGE_BITS);
+        return it == page_table.end() ? 0 : it->second;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] unsigned Count() const noexcept {
+        unsigned count = 0;
+        for (const auto [index, value] : page_table) {
+            count += value;
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unordered_map<u64, int> page_table;
+};
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Small buffer", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 0);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == WORD / PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c, WORD) == Range{0, 0});
+
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE, 1);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c, WORD) == Range{PAGE * 1, PAGE * 2});
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Large buffer", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 32);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 32);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + 4096, WORD * 4);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c, WORD + PAGE * 2) == Range{PAGE, WORD + PAGE * 2});
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c + PAGE * 2, PAGE * 6) == Range{PAGE * 2, PAGE * 8});
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c, WORD * 32) == Range{PAGE, WORD * 4 + PAGE});
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c + WORD * 4, PAGE) == Range{WORD * 4, WORD * 4 + PAGE});
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c + WORD * 3 + PAGE * 63, PAGE) ==
+            Range{WORD * 3 + PAGE * 63, WORD * 4});
+
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD * 5 + PAGE * 6, PAGE);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD * 5 + PAGE * 8, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c + WORD * 5, WORD) ==
+            Range{WORD * 5 + PAGE * 6, WORD * 5 + PAGE * 9});
+
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD * 5 + PAGE * 8, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c + WORD * 5, WORD) ==
+            Range{WORD * 5 + PAGE * 6, WORD * 5 + PAGE * 7});
+
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE, WORD * 31 + PAGE * 63);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c, WORD * 32) == Range{PAGE, WORD * 32});
+
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 4, PAGE);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 6, PAGE);
+
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 32);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.ModifiedCpuRegion(c, WORD * 32) == Range{0, 0});
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Rasterizer counting", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, PAGE * 2);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 0);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 1);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, PAGE * 2);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 0);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, PAGE);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 2);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, PAGE * 2);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Basic range", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, PAGE);
+    int num = 0;
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == 0U);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 1U);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Border upload", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 2);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 2);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD - PAGE, PAGE * 2);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD * 2, [](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD - PAGE);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 2);
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Border upload range", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 2);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 2);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD - PAGE, PAGE * 2);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + WORD - PAGE, PAGE * 2, [](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD - PAGE);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 2);
+    });
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD - PAGE, PAGE * 2);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + WORD - PAGE, PAGE, [](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD - PAGE);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE);
+    });
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + WORD, PAGE, [](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE);
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Border upload partial range", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 2);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 2);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD - PAGE, PAGE * 2);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + WORD - 1, 2, [](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD - PAGE);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 2);
+    });
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD - PAGE, PAGE * 2);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + WORD - 1, 1, [](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD - PAGE);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE);
+    });
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + WORD + 50, 1, [](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE);
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Partial word uploads", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, 0x9d000);
+    int num = 0;
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == 0U);
+        REQUIRE(size == WORD);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 1);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + WORD, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD);
+        REQUIRE(size == WORD);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 2);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + 0x79000, 0x24000, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD * 2);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 0x1d);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 3);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Partial page upload", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD);
+    int num = 0;
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 2, PAGE);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 9, PAGE);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, PAGE * 3, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == PAGE * 2);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 1);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + PAGE * 7, PAGE * 3, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == PAGE * 9);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 2);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Partial page upload with multiple words on the right") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 8);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 8);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 13, WORD * 7);
+    int num = 0;
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + PAGE * 10, WORD * 7, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == PAGE * 13);
+        REQUIRE(size == WORD * 7 - PAGE * 3);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 1);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + PAGE, WORD * 8, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD * 7 + PAGE * 10);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 3);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 2);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Partial page upload with multiple words on the left", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 8);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 8);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 13, WORD * 7);
+    int num = 0;
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + PAGE * 16, WORD * 7, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == PAGE * 16);
+        REQUIRE(size == WORD * 7 - PAGE * 3);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 1);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + PAGE, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == PAGE * 13);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 3);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 2);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Partial page upload with multiple words in the middle", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 8);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 8);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 13, PAGE * 140);
+    int num = 0;
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + PAGE * 16, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == PAGE * 16);
+        REQUIRE(size == WORD);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 1);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == PAGE * 13);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 3);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 2);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD * 8, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD + PAGE * 16);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 73);
+        ++num;
+    });
+    REQUIRE(num == 3);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Empty right bits", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 2048);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 2048);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD - PAGE, PAGE * 2);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD * 2048, [](u64 offset, u64 size) {
+        REQUIRE(offset == WORD - PAGE);
+        REQUIRE(size == PAGE * 2);
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Out of bound ranges 1", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, PAGE);
+    int num = 0;
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c - WORD, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) { ++num; });
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c + WORD, WORD, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) { ++num; });
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c - PAGE, PAGE, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) { ++num; });
+    REQUIRE(num == 0);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c - PAGE, PAGE * 2, [&](u64 offset, u64 size) { ++num; });
+    REQUIRE(num == 1);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Out of bound ranges 2", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, 0x22000);
+    REQUIRE_NOTHROW(buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + 0x22000, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE_NOTHROW(buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + 0x28000, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 0);
+    REQUIRE_NOTHROW(buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + 0x21100, PAGE - 0x100));
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 1);
+    REQUIRE_NOTHROW(buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c - 0x1000, PAGE * 2));
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c - 0x3000, PAGE * 2);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c - 0x2000, PAGE * 2);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 2);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Out of bound ranges 3", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, 0x310720);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, 0x310720);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count(c) == 1);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count(c + PAGE) == 1);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count(c + WORD) == 1);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count(c + WORD + PAGE) == 1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Sparse regions 1", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 1, PAGE);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 3, PAGE * 4);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD, [i = 0](u64 offset, u64 size) mutable {
+        static constexpr std::array<u64, 2> offsets{PAGE, PAGE * 3};
+        static constexpr std::array<u64, 2> sizes{PAGE, PAGE * 4};
+        REQUIRE(offset == offsets.at(i));
+        REQUIRE(size == sizes.at(i));
+        ++i;
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Sparse regions 2", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, 0x22000);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, 0x22000);
+    REQUIRE(rasterizer.Count() == 0x22);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 0x1B, PAGE);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 0x21, PAGE);
+    buffer.ForEachUploadRange(c, WORD, [i = 0](u64 offset, u64 size) mutable {
+        static constexpr std::array<u64, 2> offsets{PAGE * 0x1B, PAGE * 0x21};
+        static constexpr std::array<u64, 2> sizes{PAGE, PAGE};
+        REQUIRE(offset == offsets.at(i));
+        REQUIRE(size == sizes.at(i));
+        ++i;
+    });
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Single page modified range", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, PAGE));
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, PAGE));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Two page modified range", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, PAGE * 2);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, PAGE * 2));
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, PAGE));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Multi word modified ranges", "[video_core]") {
+    for (int offset = 0; offset < 4; ++offset) {
+        const VAddr address = c + WORD * offset;
+        RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+        BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, address, WORD * 4);
+        REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address, PAGE));
+        REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE * 48, PAGE));
+        REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE * 56, PAGE));
+
+        buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(address + PAGE * 32, PAGE);
+        REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE, WORD));
+        REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE * 31, PAGE));
+        REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE * 32, PAGE));
+        REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE * 33, PAGE));
+        REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE * 31, PAGE * 2));
+        REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE * 32, PAGE * 2));
+
+        buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(address + PAGE * 33, PAGE);
+        REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(address + PAGE * 32, PAGE * 2));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Single page in large buffer", "[video_core]") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 16);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 16);
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, WORD * 16));
+
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + WORD * 12 + PAGE * 8, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, WORD * 16));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 10, WORD * 2));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 11, WORD * 2));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 12, WORD * 2));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 12 + PAGE * 4, PAGE * 8));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 12 + PAGE * 6, PAGE * 8));
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 12 + PAGE * 6, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 12 + PAGE * 7, PAGE * 2));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 12 + PAGE * 8, PAGE * 2));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Out of bounds region query") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 16);
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c - PAGE, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c - PAGE * 2, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 16, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 16 - PAGE, WORD * 64));
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + WORD * 16, WORD * 64));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Wrap word regions") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD * 2);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD * 2);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 63, PAGE * 2);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, WORD * 2));
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 62, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 63, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 64, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 63, PAGE * 2));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 63, PAGE * 8));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 60, PAGE * 8));
+
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 127, WORD * 16));
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + PAGE * 127, PAGE);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 127, WORD * 16));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 127, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 126, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 126, PAGE * 2));
+    REQUIRE(!buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE * 128, WORD * 16));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("BufferBase: Unaligned page region query") {
+    RasterizerInterface rasterizer;
+    BufferBase buffer(rasterizer, c, WORD);
+    buffer.UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(c, WORD);
+    buffer.MarkRegionAsCpuModified(c + 4000, 1000);
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + PAGE, PAGE));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + 4000, 1000));
+    REQUIRE(buffer.IsRegionCpuModified(c + 4000, 1));
+}

src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 add_subdirectory(host_shaders)
 
 add_library(video_core STATIC
+    buffer_cache/buffer_base.h
     buffer_cache/buffer_block.h
     buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h
     buffer_cache/map_interval.cpp
@@ -135,8 +136,6 @@ add_library(video_core STATIC
     renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.h
     renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.cpp
     renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h
-    renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.cpp
-    renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h
     renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp
     renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h
     renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.cpp
@@ -259,6 +258,8 @@ add_library(video_core STATIC
     vulkan_common/vulkan_instance.h
     vulkan_common/vulkan_library.cpp
     vulkan_common/vulkan_library.h
+    vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.cpp
+    vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h
     vulkan_common/vulkan_surface.cpp
     vulkan_common/vulkan_surface.h
     vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.cpp
@@ -312,9 +313,7 @@ else()
         -Werror=pessimizing-move
         -Werror=redundant-move
         -Werror=shadow
-        -Werror=switch
         -Werror=type-limits
-        -Werror=unused-variable
 
         $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Werror=class-memaccess>
         $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Werror=unused-but-set-parameter>

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <bit>
+#include <limits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/div_ceil.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+enum class BufferFlagBits {
+    Picked = 1 << 0,
+};
+DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(BufferFlagBits)
+
+/// Tag for creating null buffers with no storage or size
+struct NullBufferParams {};
+
+/**
+ * Range tracking buffer container.
+ *
+ * It keeps track of the modified CPU and GPU ranges on a CPU page granularity, notifying the given
+ * rasterizer about state changes in the tracking behavior of the buffer.
+ *
+ * The buffer size and address is forcefully aligned to CPU page boundaries.
+ */
+template <class RasterizerInterface>
+class BufferBase {
+    static constexpr u64 PAGES_PER_WORD = 64;
+    static constexpr u64 BYTES_PER_PAGE = Core::Memory::PAGE_SIZE;
+    static constexpr u64 BYTES_PER_WORD = PAGES_PER_WORD * BYTES_PER_PAGE;
+
+    /// Vector tracking modified pages tightly packed with small vector optimization
+    union WrittenWords {
+        /// Returns the pointer to the words state
+        [[nodiscard]] const u64* Pointer(bool is_short) const noexcept {
+            return is_short ? &stack : heap;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the pointer to the words state
+        [[nodiscard]] u64* Pointer(bool is_short) noexcept {
+            return is_short ? &stack : heap;
+        }
+
+        u64 stack = 0; ///< Small buffers storage
+        u64* heap;     ///< Not-small buffers pointer to the storage
+    };
+
+    struct GpuCpuWords {
+        explicit GpuCpuWords() = default;
+        explicit GpuCpuWords(u64 size_bytes_) : size_bytes{size_bytes_} {
+            if (IsShort()) {
+                cpu.stack = ~u64{0};
+                gpu.stack = 0;
+            } else {
+                // Share allocation between CPU and GPU pages and set their default values
+                const size_t num_words = NumWords();
+                u64* const alloc = new u64[num_words * 2];
+                cpu.heap = alloc;
+                gpu.heap = alloc + num_words;
+                std::fill_n(cpu.heap, num_words, ~u64{0});
+                std::fill_n(gpu.heap, num_words, 0);
+            }
+            // Clean up tailing bits
+            const u64 last_local_page =
+                Common::DivCeil(size_bytes % BYTES_PER_WORD, BYTES_PER_PAGE);
+            const u64 shift = (PAGES_PER_WORD - last_local_page) % PAGES_PER_WORD;
+            u64& last_word = cpu.Pointer(IsShort())[NumWords() - 1];
+            last_word = (last_word << shift) >> shift;
+        }
+
+        ~GpuCpuWords() {
+            Release();
+        }
+
+        GpuCpuWords& operator=(GpuCpuWords&& rhs) noexcept {
+            Release();
+            size_bytes = rhs.size_bytes;
+            cpu = rhs.cpu;
+            gpu = rhs.gpu;
+            rhs.cpu.heap = nullptr;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        GpuCpuWords(GpuCpuWords&& rhs) noexcept
+            : size_bytes{rhs.size_bytes}, cpu{rhs.cpu}, gpu{rhs.gpu} {
+            rhs.cpu.heap = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        GpuCpuWords& operator=(const GpuCpuWords&) = delete;
+        GpuCpuWords(const GpuCpuWords&) = delete;
+
+        /// Returns true when the buffer fits in the small vector optimization
+        [[nodiscard]] bool IsShort() const noexcept {
+            return size_bytes <= BYTES_PER_WORD;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns the number of words of the buffer
+        [[nodiscard]] size_t NumWords() const noexcept {
+            return Common::DivCeil(size_bytes, BYTES_PER_WORD);
+        }
+
+        /// Release buffer resources
+        void Release() {
+            if (!IsShort()) {
+                // CPU written words is the base for the heap allocation
+                delete[] cpu.heap;
+            }
+        }
+
+        u64 size_bytes = 0;
+        WrittenWords cpu;
+        WrittenWords gpu;
+    };
+
+public:
+    explicit BufferBase(RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_, VAddr cpu_addr_, u64 size_bytes)
+        : rasterizer{&rasterizer_}, cpu_addr{Common::AlignDown(cpu_addr_, BYTES_PER_PAGE)},
+          words(Common::AlignUp(size_bytes + (cpu_addr_ - cpu_addr), BYTES_PER_PAGE)) {}
+
+    explicit BufferBase(NullBufferParams) {}
+
+    BufferBase& operator=(const BufferBase&) = delete;
+    BufferBase(const BufferBase&) = delete;
+
+    /// Returns the inclusive CPU modified range in a begin end pair
+    [[nodiscard]] std::pair<u64, u64> ModifiedCpuRegion(VAddr query_cpu_addr,
+                                                        u64 query_size) const noexcept {
+        const u64 offset = query_cpu_addr - cpu_addr;
+        return ModifiedRegion<false>(offset, query_size);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the inclusive GPU modified range in a begin end pair
+    [[nodiscard]] std::pair<u64, u64> ModifiedGpuRegion(VAddr query_cpu_addr,
+                                                        u64 query_size) const noexcept {
+        const u64 offset = query_cpu_addr - cpu_addr;
+        return ModifiedRegion<true>(offset, query_size);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if a region has been modified from the CPU
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsRegionCpuModified(VAddr query_cpu_addr, u64 query_size) const noexcept {
+        const u64 offset = query_cpu_addr - cpu_addr;
+        return IsRegionModified<false>(offset, query_size);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if a region has been modified from the GPU
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsRegionGpuModified(VAddr query_cpu_addr, u64 query_size) const noexcept {
+        const u64 offset = query_cpu_addr - cpu_addr;
+        return IsRegionModified<true>(offset, query_size);
+    }
+
+    /// Mark region as CPU modified, notifying the rasterizer about this change
+    void MarkRegionAsCpuModified(VAddr dirty_cpu_addr, u64 size) {
+        ChangeRegionState<true, true>(words.cpu, dirty_cpu_addr, size);
+    }
+
+    /// Unmark region as CPU modified, notifying the rasterizer about this change
+    void UnmarkRegionAsCpuModified(VAddr dirty_cpu_addr, u64 size) {
+        ChangeRegionState<false, true>(words.cpu, dirty_cpu_addr, size);
+    }
+
+    /// Mark region as modified from the host GPU
+    void MarkRegionAsGpuModified(VAddr dirty_cpu_addr, u64 size) noexcept {
+        ChangeRegionState<true, false>(words.gpu, dirty_cpu_addr, size);
+    }
+
+    /// Unmark region as modified from the host GPU
+    void UnmarkRegionAsGpuModified(VAddr dirty_cpu_addr, u64 size) noexcept {
+        ChangeRegionState<false, false>(words.gpu, dirty_cpu_addr, size);
+    }
+
+    /// Call 'func' for each CPU modified range and unmark those pages as CPU modified
+    template <typename Func>
+    void ForEachUploadRange(VAddr query_cpu_range, u64 size, Func&& func) {
+        ForEachModifiedRange<false, true>(query_cpu_range, size, func);
+    }
+
+    /// Call 'func' for each GPU modified range and unmark those pages as GPU modified
+    template <typename Func>
+    void ForEachDownloadRange(VAddr query_cpu_range, u64 size, Func&& func) {
+        ForEachModifiedRange<true, false>(query_cpu_range, size, func);
+    }
+
+    /// Call 'func' for each GPU modified range and unmark those pages as GPU modified
+    template <typename Func>
+    void ForEachDownloadRange(Func&& func) {
+        ForEachModifiedRange<true, false>(cpu_addr, SizeBytes(), func);
+    }
+
+    /// Mark buffer as picked
+    void Pick() noexcept {
+        flags |= BufferFlagBits::Picked;
+    }
+
+    /// Unmark buffer as picked
+    void Unpick() noexcept {
+        flags &= ~BufferFlagBits::Picked;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when vaddr -> vaddr+size is fully contained in the buffer
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsInBounds(VAddr addr, u64 size) const noexcept {
+        return addr >= cpu_addr && addr + size <= cpu_addr + SizeBytes();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the buffer has been marked as picked
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsPicked() const noexcept {
+        return True(flags & BufferFlagBits::Picked);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the base CPU address of the buffer
+    [[nodiscard]] VAddr CpuAddr() const noexcept {
+        return cpu_addr;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the offset relative to the given CPU address
+    /// @pre IsInBounds returns true
+    [[nodiscard]] u32 Offset(VAddr other_cpu_addr) const noexcept {
+        return static_cast<u32>(other_cpu_addr - cpu_addr);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the size in bytes of the buffer
+    [[nodiscard]] u64 SizeBytes() const noexcept {
+        return words.size_bytes;
+    }
+
+private:
+    /**
+     * Change the state of a range of pages
+     *
+     * @param written_words Pages to be marked or unmarked as modified
+     * @param dirty_addr    Base address to mark or unmark as modified
+     * @param size          Size in bytes to mark or unmark as modified
+     *
+     * @tparam enable            True when the bits will be set to one, false for zero
+     * @tparam notify_rasterizer True when the rasterizer has to be notified about the changes
+     */
+    template <bool enable, bool notify_rasterizer>
+    void ChangeRegionState(WrittenWords& written_words, u64 dirty_addr,
+                           s64 size) noexcept(!notify_rasterizer) {
+        const s64 difference = dirty_addr - cpu_addr;
+        const u64 offset = std::max<s64>(difference, 0);
+        size += std::min<s64>(difference, 0);
+        if (offset >= SizeBytes() || size < 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        u64* const state_words = written_words.Pointer(IsShort());
+        const u64 offset_end = std::min(offset + size, SizeBytes());
+        const u64 begin_page_index = offset / BYTES_PER_PAGE;
+        const u64 begin_word_index = begin_page_index / PAGES_PER_WORD;
+        const u64 end_page_index = Common::DivCeil(offset_end, BYTES_PER_PAGE);
+        const u64 end_word_index = Common::DivCeil(end_page_index, PAGES_PER_WORD);
+        u64 page_index = begin_page_index % PAGES_PER_WORD;
+        u64 word_index = begin_word_index;
+        while (word_index < end_word_index) {
+            const u64 next_word_first_page = (word_index + 1) * PAGES_PER_WORD;
+            const u64 left_offset =
+                std::min(next_word_first_page - end_page_index, PAGES_PER_WORD) % PAGES_PER_WORD;
+            const u64 right_offset = page_index;
+            u64 bits = ~u64{0};
+            bits = (bits >> right_offset) << right_offset;
+            bits = (bits << left_offset) >> left_offset;
+            if constexpr (notify_rasterizer) {
+                NotifyRasterizer<!enable>(word_index, state_words[word_index], bits);
+            }
+            if constexpr (enable) {
+                state_words[word_index] |= bits;
+            } else {
+                state_words[word_index] &= ~bits;
+            }
+            page_index = 0;
+            ++word_index;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify rasterizer about changes in the CPU tracking state of a word in the buffer
+     *
+     * @param word_index   Index to the word to notify to the rasterizer
+     * @param current_bits Current state of the word
+     * @param new_bits     New state of the word
+     *
+     * @tparam add_to_rasterizer True when the rasterizer should start tracking the new pages
+     */
+    template <bool add_to_rasterizer>
+    void NotifyRasterizer(u64 word_index, u64 current_bits, u64 new_bits) {
+        u64 changed_bits = (add_to_rasterizer ? current_bits : ~current_bits) & new_bits;
+        VAddr addr = cpu_addr + word_index * BYTES_PER_WORD;
+        while (changed_bits != 0) {
+            const int empty_bits = std::countr_zero(changed_bits);
+            addr += empty_bits * BYTES_PER_PAGE;
+            changed_bits >>= empty_bits;
+
+            const u32 continuous_bits = std::countr_one(changed_bits);
+            const u64 size = continuous_bits * BYTES_PER_PAGE;
+            const VAddr begin_addr = addr;
+            addr += size;
+            changed_bits = continuous_bits < PAGES_PER_WORD ? (changed_bits >> continuous_bits) : 0;
+            rasterizer->UpdatePagesCachedCount(begin_addr, size, add_to_rasterizer ? 1 : -1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loop over each page in the given range, turn off those bits and notify the rasterizer if
+     * needed. Call the given function on each turned off range.
+     *
+     * @param query_cpu_range Base CPU address to loop over
+     * @param size            Size in bytes of the CPU range to loop over
+     * @param func            Function to call for each turned off region
+     *
+     * @tparam gpu               True for host GPU pages, false for CPU pages
+     * @tparam notify_rasterizer True when the rasterizer should be notified about state changes
+     */
+    template <bool gpu, bool notify_rasterizer, typename Func>
+    void ForEachModifiedRange(VAddr query_cpu_range, s64 size, Func&& func) {
+        const s64 difference = query_cpu_range - cpu_addr;
+        const u64 query_begin = std::max<s64>(difference, 0);
+        size += std::min<s64>(difference, 0);
+        if (query_begin >= SizeBytes() || size < 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const u64* const cpu_words = words.cpu.Pointer(IsShort());
+        const u64 query_end = query_begin + std::min(static_cast<u64>(size), SizeBytes());
+        u64* const state_words = (gpu ? words.gpu : words.cpu).Pointer(IsShort());
+        u64* const words_begin = state_words + query_begin / BYTES_PER_WORD;
+        u64* const words_end = state_words + Common::DivCeil(query_end, BYTES_PER_WORD);
+
+        const auto modified = [](u64 word) { return word != 0; };
+        const auto first_modified_word = std::find_if(words_begin, words_end, modified);
+        if (first_modified_word == words_end) {
+            // Exit early when the buffer is not modified
+            return;
+        }
+        const auto last_modified_word = std::find_if_not(first_modified_word, words_end, modified);
+
+        const u64 word_index_begin = std::distance(state_words, first_modified_word);
+        const u64 word_index_end = std::distance(state_words, last_modified_word);
+
+        const unsigned local_page_begin = std::countr_zero(*first_modified_word);
+        const unsigned local_page_end = PAGES_PER_WORD - std::countl_zero(last_modified_word[-1]);
+        const u64 word_page_begin = word_index_begin * PAGES_PER_WORD;
+        const u64 word_page_end = (word_index_end - 1) * PAGES_PER_WORD;
+        const u64 query_page_begin = query_begin / BYTES_PER_PAGE;
+        const u64 query_page_end = Common::DivCeil(query_end, BYTES_PER_PAGE);
+        const u64 page_index_begin = std::max(word_page_begin + local_page_begin, query_page_begin);
+        const u64 page_index_end = std::min(word_page_end + local_page_end, query_page_end);
+        const u64 first_word_page_begin = page_index_begin % PAGES_PER_WORD;
+        const u64 last_word_page_end = (page_index_end - 1) % PAGES_PER_WORD + 1;
+
+        u64 page_begin = first_word_page_begin;
+        u64 current_base = 0;
+        u64 current_size = 0;
+        bool on_going = false;
+        for (u64 word_index = word_index_begin; word_index < word_index_end; ++word_index) {
+            const bool is_last_word = word_index + 1 == word_index_end;
+            const u64 page_end = is_last_word ? last_word_page_end : PAGES_PER_WORD;
+            const u64 right_offset = page_begin;
+            const u64 left_offset = PAGES_PER_WORD - page_end;
+            u64 bits = ~u64{0};
+            bits = (bits >> right_offset) << right_offset;
+            bits = (bits << left_offset) >> left_offset;
+
+            const u64 current_word = state_words[word_index] & bits;
+            state_words[word_index] &= ~bits;
+
+            // Exclude CPU modified pages when visiting GPU pages
+            const u64 word = current_word & ~(gpu ? cpu_words[word_index] : 0);
+            if constexpr (notify_rasterizer) {
+                NotifyRasterizer<true>(word_index, word, ~u64{0});
+            }
+            u64 page = page_begin;
+            page_begin = 0;
+
+            while (page < page_end) {
+                const int empty_bits = std::countr_zero(word >> page);
+                if (on_going && empty_bits != 0) {
+                    InvokeModifiedRange(func, current_size, current_base);
+                    current_size = 0;
+                    on_going = false;
+                }
+                page += empty_bits;
+
+                const int continuous_bits = std::countr_one(word >> page);
+                if (!on_going && continuous_bits != 0) {
+                    current_base = word_index * PAGES_PER_WORD + page;
+                    on_going = true;
+                }
+                current_size += continuous_bits;
+                page += continuous_bits;
+            }
+        }
+        if (on_going && current_size > 0) {
+            InvokeModifiedRange(func, current_size, current_base);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename Func>
+    void InvokeModifiedRange(Func&& func, u64 current_size, u64 current_base) {
+        const u64 current_size_bytes = current_size * BYTES_PER_PAGE;
+        const u64 offset_begin = current_base * BYTES_PER_PAGE;
+        const u64 offset_end = std::min(offset_begin + current_size_bytes, SizeBytes());
+        func(offset_begin, offset_end - offset_begin);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true when a region has been modified
+     *
+     * @param offset Offset in bytes from the start of the buffer
+     * @param size   Size in bytes of the region to query for modifications
+     */
+    template <bool gpu>
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsRegionModified(u64 offset, u64 size) const noexcept {
+        const u64* const cpu_words = words.cpu.Pointer(IsShort());
+        const u64* const state_words = (gpu ? words.gpu : words.cpu).Pointer(IsShort());
+        const u64 num_query_words = size / BYTES_PER_WORD + 1;
+        const u64 word_begin = offset / BYTES_PER_WORD;
+        const u64 word_end = std::min(word_begin + num_query_words, NumWords());
+        const u64 page_limit = Common::DivCeil(offset + size, BYTES_PER_PAGE);
+        u64 page_index = (offset / BYTES_PER_PAGE) % PAGES_PER_WORD;
+        for (u64 word_index = word_begin; word_index < word_end; ++word_index, page_index = 0) {
+            const u64 word = state_words[word_index] & ~(gpu ? cpu_words[word_index] : 0);
+            if (word == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const u64 page_end = std::min((word_index + 1) * PAGES_PER_WORD, page_limit);
+            const u64 local_page_end = page_end % PAGES_PER_WORD;
+            const u64 page_end_shift = (PAGES_PER_WORD - local_page_end) % PAGES_PER_WORD;
+            if (((word >> page_index) << page_index) << page_end_shift != 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a begin end pair with the inclusive modified region
+     *
+     * @param offset Offset in bytes from the start of the buffer
+     * @param size   Size in bytes of the region to query for modifications
+     *
+     * @tparam gpu True to query GPU modified pages, false for CPU pages
+     */
+    template <bool gpu>
+    [[nodiscard]] std::pair<u64, u64> ModifiedRegion(u64 offset, u64 size) const noexcept {
+        const u64* const cpu_words = words.cpu.Pointer(IsShort());
+        const u64* const state_words = (gpu ? words.gpu : words.cpu).Pointer(IsShort());
+        const u64 num_query_words = size / BYTES_PER_WORD + 1;
+        const u64 word_begin = offset / BYTES_PER_WORD;
+        const u64 word_end = std::min(word_begin + num_query_words, NumWords());
+        const u64 page_base = offset / BYTES_PER_PAGE;
+        const u64 page_limit = Common::DivCeil(offset + size, BYTES_PER_PAGE);
+        u64 begin = std::numeric_limits<u64>::max();
+        u64 end = 0;
+        for (u64 word_index = word_begin; word_index < word_end; ++word_index) {
+            const u64 word = state_words[word_index] & ~(gpu ? cpu_words[word_index] : 0);
+            if (word == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const u64 local_page_begin = std::countr_zero(word);
+            const u64 local_page_end = PAGES_PER_WORD - std::countl_zero(word);
+            const u64 page_index = word_index * PAGES_PER_WORD;
+            const u64 page_begin = std::max(page_index + local_page_begin, page_base);
+            const u64 page_end = std::min(page_index + local_page_end, page_limit);
+            begin = std::min(begin, page_begin);
+            end = std::max(end, page_end);
+        }
+        static constexpr std::pair<u64, u64> EMPTY{0, 0};
+        return begin < end ? std::make_pair(begin * BYTES_PER_PAGE, end * BYTES_PER_PAGE) : EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of words of the buffer
+    [[nodiscard]] size_t NumWords() const noexcept {
+        return words.NumWords();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when the buffer fits in the small vector optimization
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsShort() const noexcept {
+        return words.IsShort();
+    }
+
+    RasterizerInterface* rasterizer = nullptr;
+    VAddr cpu_addr = 0;
+    GpuCpuWords words;
+    BufferFlagBits flags{};
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon

src/video_core/cdma_pusher.cpp

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 // OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 //
 
+#include <bit>
 #include "command_classes/host1x.h"
 #include "command_classes/nvdec.h"
 #include "command_classes/vic.h"
-#include "common/bit_util.h"
 #include "video_core/cdma_pusher.h"
 #include "video_core/command_classes/nvdec_common.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void CDmaPusher::Step() {
 
     for (const u32 value : values) {
         if (mask != 0) {
-            const u32 lbs = Common::CountTrailingZeroes32(mask);
+            const auto lbs = static_cast<u32>(std::countr_zero(mask));
             mask &= ~(1U << lbs);
             ExecuteCommand(static_cast<u32>(offset + lbs), value);
             continue;

src/video_core/cdma_pusher.h

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ private:
 
     s32 count{};
     s32 offset{};
-    s32 mask{};
+    u32 mask{};
     bool incrementing{};
 
     // Queue of command lists to be processed

src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/h264.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 //
 
 #include <array>
-#include "common/bit_util.h"
+#include <bit>
 #include "video_core/command_classes/codecs/h264.h"
 #include "video_core/gpu.h"
 #include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ void H264BitWriter::WriteExpGolombCodedInt(s32 value) {
 }
 
 void H264BitWriter::WriteExpGolombCodedUInt(u32 value) {
-    const s32 size = 32 - Common::CountLeadingZeroes32(static_cast<s32>(value + 1));
+    const s32 size = 32 - std::countl_zero(value + 1);
     WriteBits(1, size);
 
     value -= (1U << (size - 1)) - 1;

src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h

@@ -171,30 +171,30 @@ public:
         static constexpr std::size_t NUM_REGS = 0x258;
         struct {
             u32 object;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3F);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3F);
             u32 no_operation;
             NotifyType notify;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2);
             u32 wait_for_idle;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xB);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xB);
             u32 pm_trigger;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xF);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xF);
             u32 context_dma_notify;
             u32 dst_context_dma;
             u32 src_context_dma;
             u32 semaphore_context_dma;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1C);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1C);
             Surface dst;
             CpuIndexWrap pixels_from_cpu_index_wrap;
             u32 kind2d_check_enable;
             Surface src;
             SectorPromotion pixels_from_memory_sector_promotion;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
             NumTpcs num_tpcs;
             u32 render_enable_addr_upper;
             u32 render_enable_addr_lower;
             RenderEnableMode render_enable_mode;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
             u32 clip_x0;
             u32 clip_y0;
             u32 clip_width;
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ public:
                 BitField<8, 6, u32> y;
             } pattern_offset;
             BitField<0, 2, PatternSelect> pattern_select;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xC);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xC);
             struct {
                 BitField<0, 3, MonochromePatternColorFormat> color_format;
                 BitField<0, 1, MonochromePatternFormat> format;
@@ -227,15 +227,15 @@ public:
                 std::array<u32, 0x20> X1R5G5B5;
                 std::array<u32, 0x10> Y8;
             } color_pattern;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x10);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x10);
             struct {
                 u32 prim_mode;
                 u32 prim_color_format;
                 u32 prim_color;
                 u32 line_tie_break_bits;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x14);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x14);
                 u32 prim_point_xy;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x7);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x7);
                 std::array<Point, 0x40> prim_point;
             } render_solid;
             struct {
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ public:
                 u32 color0;
                 u32 color1;
                 u32 mono_opacity;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x6);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x6);
                 u32 src_width;
                 u32 src_height;
                 u32 dx_du_frac;
@@ -260,9 +260,9 @@ public:
                 u32 dst_y0_int;
                 u32 data;
             } pixels_from_cpu;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3);
             u32 big_endian_control;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3);
             struct {
                 BitField<0, 3, u32> block_shape;
                 BitField<0, 5, u32> corral_size;
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ public:
                     BitField<0, 1, Origin> origin;
                     BitField<4, 1, Filter> filter;
                 } sample_mode;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x8);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x8);
                 s32 dst_x0;
                 s32 dst_y0;
                 s32 dst_width;

src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public:
 
         union {
             struct {
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x60);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x60);
 
                 Upload::Registers upload;
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public:
 
                 u32 data_upload;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3F);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3F);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 address;
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ public:
                     }
                 } launch_desc_loc;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
 
                 u32 launch;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4A7);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4A7);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 address_high;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public:
                     }
                 } tsc;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 address_high;
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public:
                     }
                 } tic;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x22);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x22);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 address_high;
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@ public:
                     }
                 } code_loc;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3FE);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3FE);
 
                 u32 tex_cb_index;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x374);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x374);
             };
             std::array<u32, NUM_REGS> reg_array;
         };

src/video_core/engines/kepler_memory.h

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public:
 
         union {
             struct {
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x60);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x60);
 
                 Upload::Registers upload;
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public:
 
                 u32 data;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x11);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x11);
             };
             std::array<u32, NUM_REGS> reg_array;
         };

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h

@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ public:
             Equation equation_a;
             Factor factor_source_a;
             Factor factor_dest_a;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
         };
 
         enum class TessellationPrimitive : u32 {
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ public:
             };
             u32 layer_stride;
             u32 base_layer;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(7);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(7);
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
                 return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ public:
                 BitField<8, 3, ViewportSwizzle> z;
                 BitField<12, 3, ViewportSwizzle> w;
             } swizzle;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
 
             Common::Rectangle<f32> GetRect() const {
                 return {
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ public:
             u32 address_low;
             s32 buffer_size;
             s32 buffer_offset;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(3);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(3);
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
                 return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ public:
             u32 stream;
             u32 varying_count;
             u32 stride;
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
         };
         static_assert(sizeof(TransformFeedbackLayout) == 16);
 
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ public:
 
         union {
             struct {
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x44);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x44);
 
                 u32 wait_for_idle;
 
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ public:
 
                 ShadowRamControl shadow_ram_control;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x16);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x16);
 
                 Upload::Registers upload;
                 struct {
@@ -755,11 +755,11 @@ public:
 
                 u32 data_upload;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x16);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x16);
 
                 u32 force_early_fragment_tests;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2D);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2D);
 
                 struct {
                     union {
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ public:
                     };
                 } sync_info;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x15);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x15);
 
                 union {
                     BitField<0, 2, TessellationPrimitive> prim;
@@ -781,21 +781,21 @@ public:
                 std::array<f32, 4> tess_level_outer;
                 std::array<f32, 2> tess_level_inner;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x10);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x10);
 
                 u32 rasterize_enable;
 
                 std::array<TransformFeedbackBinding, NumTransformFeedbackBuffers> tfb_bindings;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xC0);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xC0);
 
                 std::array<TransformFeedbackLayout, NumTransformFeedbackBuffers> tfb_layouts;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
 
                 u32 tfb_enabled;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2E);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2E);
 
                 std::array<RenderTargetConfig, NumRenderTargets> rt;
 
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ public:
 
                 std::array<ViewPort, NumViewports> viewports;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1D);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1D);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 first;
@@ -815,16 +815,16 @@ public:
                 float clear_color[4];
                 float clear_depth;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3);
 
                 s32 clear_stencil;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2);
 
                 PolygonMode polygon_mode_front;
                 PolygonMode polygon_mode_back;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3);
 
                 u32 polygon_offset_point_enable;
                 u32 polygon_offset_line_enable;
@@ -832,47 +832,47 @@ public:
 
                 u32 patch_vertices;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
 
                 u32 fragment_barrier;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x7);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x7);
 
                 std::array<ScissorTest, NumViewports> scissor_test;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x15);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x15);
 
                 s32 stencil_back_func_ref;
                 u32 stencil_back_mask;
                 u32 stencil_back_func_mask;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x5);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x5);
 
                 u32 invalidate_texture_data_cache;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
 
                 u32 tiled_cache_barrier;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
 
                 u32 color_mask_common;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2);
 
                 f32 depth_bounds[2];
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2);
 
                 u32 rt_separate_frag_data;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
 
                 u32 multisample_raster_enable;
                 u32 multisample_raster_samples;
                 std::array<u32, 4> multisample_sample_mask;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x5);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x5);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 address_high;
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ public:
                     };
                 } render_area;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3F);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3F);
 
                 union {
                     BitField<0, 4, u32> stencil;
@@ -907,24 +907,24 @@ public:
                     BitField<12, 4, u32> viewport;
                 } clear_flags;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x10);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x10);
 
                 u32 fill_rectangle;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x8);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x8);
 
                 std::array<VertexAttribute, NumVertexAttributes> vertex_attrib_format;
 
                 std::array<MsaaSampleLocation, 4> multisample_sample_locations;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2);
 
                 union {
                     BitField<0, 1, u32> enable;
                     BitField<4, 3, u32> target;
                 } multisample_coverage_to_color;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x8);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x8);
 
                 struct {
                     union {
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ public:
                     }
                 } rt_control;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2);
 
                 u32 zeta_width;
                 u32 zeta_height;
@@ -958,11 +958,11 @@ public:
 
                 SamplerIndex sampler_index;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x25);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x25);
 
                 u32 depth_test_enable;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x5);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x5);
 
                 u32 independent_blend_enable;
 
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ public:
 
                 u32 alpha_test_enabled;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x6);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x6);
 
                 u32 d3d_cull_mode;
 
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ public:
                     float a;
                 } blend_color;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 separate_alpha;
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ public:
                     Blend::Factor factor_dest_rgb;
                     Blend::Equation equation_a;
                     Blend::Factor factor_source_a;
-                    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+                    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
                     Blend::Factor factor_dest_a;
 
                     u32 enable_common;
@@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ public:
                 u32 stencil_front_func_mask;
                 u32 stencil_front_mask;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2);
 
                 u32 frag_color_clamp;
 
@@ -1022,17 +1022,17 @@ public:
                 float line_width_smooth;
                 float line_width_aliased;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1B);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1B);
 
                 u32 invalidate_sampler_cache_no_wfi;
                 u32 invalidate_texture_header_cache_no_wfi;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x2);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x2);
 
                 u32 vb_element_base;
                 u32 vb_base_instance;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x35);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x35);
 
                 u32 clip_distance_enabled;
 
@@ -1040,11 +1040,11 @@ public:
 
                 float point_size;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
 
                 u32 point_sprite_enable;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3);
 
                 CounterReset counter_reset;
 
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ public:
                     BitField<4, 1, u32> alpha_to_one;
                 } multisample_control;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 address_high;
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ public:
                     }
                 } tsc;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
 
                 float polygon_offset_factor;
 
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ public:
                     }
                 } tic;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x5);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x5);
 
                 u32 stencil_two_side_enable;
                 StencilOp stencil_back_op_fail;
@@ -1106,17 +1106,17 @@ public:
                 StencilOp stencil_back_op_zpass;
                 ComparisonOp stencil_back_func_func;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
 
                 u32 framebuffer_srgb;
 
                 float polygon_offset_units;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
 
                 Tegra::Texture::MsaaMode multisample_mode;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xC);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xC);
 
                 union {
                     BitField<2, 1, u32> coord_origin;
@@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ public:
                             (static_cast<GPUVAddr>(code_address_high) << 32) | code_address_low);
                     }
                 } code_address;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 vertex_end_gl;
@@ -1144,14 +1144,14 @@ public:
                     };
                 } draw;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xA);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xA);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 enabled;
                     u32 index;
                 } primitive_restart;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x5F);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x5F);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 start_addr_high;
@@ -1192,9 +1192,9 @@ public:
                     }
                 } index_array;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x7);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x7);
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1F);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1F);
 
                 float polygon_offset_clamp;
 
@@ -1208,14 +1208,14 @@ public:
                     }
                 } instanced_arrays;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
 
                 union {
                     BitField<0, 1, u32> enable;
                     BitField<4, 8, u32> unk4;
                 } vp_point_size;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
 
                 u32 cull_test_enabled;
                 FrontFace front_face;
@@ -1223,11 +1223,11 @@ public:
 
                 u32 pixel_center_integer;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
 
                 u32 viewport_transform_enabled;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3);
 
                 union {
                     BitField<0, 1, u32> depth_range_0_1;
@@ -1236,18 +1236,18 @@ public:
                     BitField<11, 1, u32> depth_clamp_disabled;
                 } view_volume_clip_control;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1F);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1F);
 
                 u32 depth_bounds_enable;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(1);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 enable;
                     LogicOperation operation;
                 } logic_op;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x1);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x1);
 
                 union {
                     u32 raw;
@@ -1260,9 +1260,9 @@ public:
                     BitField<6, 4, u32> RT;
                     BitField<10, 11, u32> layer;
                 } clear_buffers;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xB);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xB);
                 std::array<ColorMask, NumRenderTargets> color_mask;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x38);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x38);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 query_address_high;
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ public:
                     }
                 } query;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x3C);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x3C);
 
                 struct {
                     union {
@@ -1325,10 +1325,10 @@ public:
                         BitField<4, 4, ShaderProgram> program;
                     };
                     u32 offset;
-                    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(14);
+                    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(14);
                 } shader_config[MaxShaderProgram];
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x60);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x60);
 
                 u32 firmware[0x20];
 
@@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@ public:
                     }
                 } const_buffer;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x10);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x10);
 
                 struct {
                     union {
@@ -1353,18 +1353,18 @@ public:
                         BitField<0, 1, u32> valid;
                         BitField<4, 5, u32> index;
                     };
-                    INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(7);
+                    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(7);
                 } cb_bind[MaxShaderStage];
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x56);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x56);
 
                 u32 tex_cb_index;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x7D);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x7D);
 
                 std::array<std::array<u8, 128>, NumTransformFeedbackBuffers> tfb_varying_locs;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x298);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x298);
 
                 struct {
                     /// Compressed address of a buffer that holds information about bound SSBOs.
@@ -1376,14 +1376,14 @@ public:
                     }
                 } ssbo_info;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x11);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x11);
 
                 struct {
                     u32 address[MaxShaderStage];
                     u32 size[MaxShaderStage];
                 } tex_info_buffers;
 
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xCC);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xCC);
             };
             std::array<u32, NUM_REGS> reg_array;
         };

src/video_core/engines/shader_header.h

@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ struct Header {
 
     union {
         struct {
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(3);  // ImapSystemValuesA
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(1);  // ImapSystemValuesB
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(16); // ImapGenericVector[32]
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(2);  // ImapColor
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);  // ImapSystemValuesA
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);  // ImapSystemValuesB
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(16); // ImapGenericVector[32]
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(2);  // ImapColor
             union {
                 BitField<0, 8, u16> clip_distances;
                 BitField<8, 1, u16> point_sprite_s;
@@ -82,20 +82,20 @@ struct Header {
                 BitField<14, 1, u16> instance_id;
                 BitField<15, 1, u16> vertex_id;
             };
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(5);  // ImapFixedFncTexture[10]
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(1);  // ImapReserved
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(3);  // OmapSystemValuesA
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(1);  // OmapSystemValuesB
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(16); // OmapGenericVector[32]
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(2);  // OmapColor
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(2);  // OmapSystemValuesC
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(5);  // OmapFixedFncTexture[10]
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(1);  // OmapReserved
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(5);  // ImapFixedFncTexture[10]
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);  // ImapReserved
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3);  // OmapSystemValuesA
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);  // OmapSystemValuesB
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(16); // OmapGenericVector[32]
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(2);  // OmapColor
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(2);  // OmapSystemValuesC
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(5);  // OmapFixedFncTexture[10]
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1);  // OmapReserved
         } vtg;
 
         struct {
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(3); // ImapSystemValuesA
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(1); // ImapSystemValuesB
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(3); // ImapSystemValuesA
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(1); // ImapSystemValuesB
 
             union {
                 BitField<0, 2, PixelImap> x;
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ struct Header {
                 u8 raw;
             } imap_generic_vector[32];
 
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(2);  // ImapColor
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(2);  // ImapSystemValuesC
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(10); // ImapFixedFncTexture[10]
-            INSERT_UNION_PADDING_BYTES(2);  // ImapReserved
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(2);  // ImapColor
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(2);  // ImapSystemValuesC
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(10); // ImapFixedFncTexture[10]
+            INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(2);  // ImapReserved
 
             struct {
                 u32 target;

src/video_core/gpu.h

@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ public:
 
         union {
             struct {
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x4);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x4);
                 struct {
                     u32 address_high;
                     u32 address_low;
@@ -283,18 +283,18 @@ public:
 
                 u32 semaphore_sequence;
                 u32 semaphore_trigger;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xC);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xC);
 
                 // The pusher and the puller share the reference counter, the pusher only has read
                 // access
                 u32 reference_count;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0x5);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0x5);
 
                 u32 semaphore_acquire;
                 u32 semaphore_release;
                 u32 fence_value;
                 FenceAction fence_action;
-                INSERT_UNION_PADDING_WORDS(0xE2);
+                INSERT_PADDING_WORDS_NOINIT(0xE2);
 
                 // Puller state
                 u32 acquire_mode;

src/video_core/memory_manager.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/memory/page_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
@@ -38,6 +39,12 @@ GPUVAddr MemoryManager::UpdateRange(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, PageEntry page_entry, std
 }
 
 GPUVAddr MemoryManager::Map(VAddr cpu_addr, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
+    const auto it = std::ranges::lower_bound(map_ranges, gpu_addr, {}, &MapRange::first);
+    if (it != map_ranges.end() && it->first == gpu_addr) {
+        it->second = size;
+    } else {
+        map_ranges.insert(it, MapRange{gpu_addr, size});
+    }
     return UpdateRange(gpu_addr, cpu_addr, size);
 }
 
@@ -52,10 +59,16 @@ GPUVAddr MemoryManager::MapAllocate32(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
 }
 
 void MemoryManager::Unmap(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
-    if (!size) {
+    if (size == 0) {
         return;
     }
-
+    const auto it = std::ranges::lower_bound(map_ranges, gpu_addr, {}, &MapRange::first);
+    if (it != map_ranges.end()) {
+        ASSERT(it->first == gpu_addr);
+        map_ranges.erase(it);
+    } else {
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unmapping non-existent GPU address=0x{:x}", gpu_addr);
+    }
     // Flush and invalidate through the GPU interface, to be asynchronous if possible.
     const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
     ASSERT(cpu_addr);
@@ -218,6 +231,12 @@ const u8* MemoryManager::GetPointer(GPUVAddr gpu_addr) const {
     return system.Memory().GetPointer(*address);
 }
 
+size_t MemoryManager::BytesToMapEnd(GPUVAddr gpu_addr) const noexcept {
+    auto it = std::ranges::upper_bound(map_ranges, gpu_addr, {}, &MapRange::first);
+    --it;
+    return it->second - (gpu_addr - it->first);
+}
+
 void MemoryManager::ReadBlock(GPUVAddr gpu_src_addr, void* dest_buffer, std::size_t size) const {
     std::size_t remaining_size{size};
     std::size_t page_index{gpu_src_addr >> page_bits};

src/video_core/memory_manager.h

@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ public:
     [[nodiscard]] u8* GetPointer(GPUVAddr addr);
     [[nodiscard]] const u8* GetPointer(GPUVAddr addr) const;
 
+    /// Returns the number of bytes until the end of the memory map containing the given GPU address
+    [[nodiscard]] size_t BytesToMapEnd(GPUVAddr gpu_addr) const noexcept;
+
     /**
      * ReadBlock and WriteBlock are full read and write operations over virtual
      * GPU Memory. It's important to use these when GPU memory may not be continuous
@@ -150,6 +153,9 @@ private:
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer = nullptr;
 
     std::vector<PageEntry> page_table;
+
+    using MapRange = std::pair<GPUVAddr, size_t>;
+    std::vector<MapRange> map_ranges;
 };
 
 } // namespace Tegra

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_state_tracker.h"
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_instance.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_library.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_surface.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ bool RendererVulkan::Init() try {
     InitializeDevice();
     Report();
 
-    memory_manager = std::make_unique<VKMemoryManager>(*device);
+    memory_allocator = std::make_unique<MemoryAllocator>(*device);
 
     state_tracker = std::make_unique<StateTracker>(gpu);
 
@@ -149,11 +149,11 @@ bool RendererVulkan::Init() try {
 
     rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerVulkan>(render_window, gpu, gpu.MemoryManager(),
                                                     cpu_memory, screen_info, *device,
-                                                    *memory_manager, *state_tracker, *scheduler);
+                                                    *memory_allocator, *state_tracker, *scheduler);
 
     blit_screen =
         std::make_unique<VKBlitScreen>(cpu_memory, render_window, *rasterizer, *device,
-                                       *memory_manager, *swapchain, *scheduler, screen_info);
+                                       *memory_allocator, *swapchain, *scheduler, screen_info);
     return true;
 
 } catch (const vk::Exception& exception) {
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ void RendererVulkan::ShutDown() {
     blit_screen.reset();
     scheduler.reset();
     swapchain.reset();
-    memory_manager.reset();
+    memory_allocator.reset();
     device.reset();
 }
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ namespace Vulkan {
 
 class Device;
 class StateTracker;
+class MemoryAllocator;
 class VKBlitScreen;
-class VKMemoryManager;
 class VKSwapchain;
 class VKScheduler;
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ private:
 
     vk::DebugUtilsMessenger debug_callback;
     std::unique_ptr<Device> device;
-    std::unique_ptr<VKMemoryManager> memory_manager;
+    std::unique_ptr<MemoryAllocator> memory_allocator;
     std::unique_ptr<StateTracker> state_tracker;
     std::unique_ptr<VKScheduler> scheduler;
     std::unique_ptr<VKSwapchain> swapchain;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.cpp

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_util.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h"
 #include "video_core/surface.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Vulkan {
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ struct VKBlitScreen::BufferData {
 VKBlitScreen::VKBlitScreen(Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_,
                            Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window_,
                            VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_, const Device& device_,
-                           VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_, VKSwapchain& swapchain_,
+                           MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_, VKSwapchain& swapchain_,
                            VKScheduler& scheduler_, const VKScreenInfo& screen_info_)
     : cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, render_window{render_window_}, rasterizer{rasterizer_},
-      device{device_}, memory_manager{memory_manager_}, swapchain{swapchain_},
+      device{device_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, swapchain{swapchain_},
       scheduler{scheduler_}, image_count{swapchain.GetImageCount()}, screen_info{screen_info_} {
     resource_ticks.resize(image_count);
 
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ VkSemaphore VKBlitScreen::Draw(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer, bool
     SetUniformData(data, framebuffer);
     SetVertexData(data, framebuffer);
 
-    auto map = buffer_commit->Map();
-    std::memcpy(map.Address(), &data, sizeof(data));
+    const std::span<u8> map = buffer_commit.Map();
+    std::memcpy(map.data(), &data, sizeof(data));
 
     if (!use_accelerated) {
         const u64 image_offset = GetRawImageOffset(framebuffer, image_index);
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ VkSemaphore VKBlitScreen::Draw(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer, bool
         constexpr u32 block_height_log2 = 4;
         const u32 bytes_per_pixel = GetBytesPerPixel(framebuffer);
         Tegra::Texture::UnswizzleTexture(
-            std::span(map.Address() + image_offset, size_bytes), std::span(host_ptr, size_bytes),
-            bytes_per_pixel, framebuffer.width, framebuffer.height, 1, block_height_log2, 0);
+            map.subspan(image_offset, size_bytes), std::span(host_ptr, size_bytes), bytes_per_pixel,
+            framebuffer.width, framebuffer.height, 1, block_height_log2, 0);
 
         const VkBufferImageCopy copy{
             .bufferOffset = image_offset,
@@ -224,8 +224,6 @@ VkSemaphore VKBlitScreen::Draw(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer, bool
                                        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0, write_barrier);
             });
     }
-    map.Release();
-
     scheduler.Record([renderpass = *renderpass, framebuffer = *framebuffers[image_index],
                       descriptor_set = descriptor_sets[image_index], buffer = *buffer,
                       size = swapchain.GetSize(), pipeline = *pipeline,
@@ -642,7 +640,7 @@ void VKBlitScreen::ReleaseRawImages() {
     raw_images.clear();
     raw_buffer_commits.clear();
     buffer.reset();
-    buffer_commit.reset();
+    buffer_commit = MemoryCommit{};
 }
 
 void VKBlitScreen::CreateStagingBuffer(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer) {
@@ -659,7 +657,7 @@ void VKBlitScreen::CreateStagingBuffer(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuff
     };
 
     buffer = device.GetLogical().CreateBuffer(ci);
-    buffer_commit = memory_manager.Commit(buffer, true);
+    buffer_commit = memory_allocator.Commit(buffer, MemoryUsage::Upload);
 }
 
 void VKBlitScreen::CreateRawImages(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer) {
@@ -690,7 +688,7 @@ void VKBlitScreen::CreateRawImages(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer)
             .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
             .initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
         });
-        raw_buffer_commits[i] = memory_manager.Commit(raw_images[i], false);
+        raw_buffer_commits[i] = memory_allocator.Commit(raw_images[i], MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
         raw_image_views[i] = device.GetLogical().CreateImageView(VkImageViewCreateInfo{
             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
             .pNext = nullptr,

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Core {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public:
     explicit VKBlitScreen(Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                           Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
                           VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, const Device& device,
-                          VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKSwapchain& swapchain,
+                          MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator, VKSwapchain& swapchain,
                           VKScheduler& scheduler, const VKScreenInfo& screen_info);
     ~VKBlitScreen();
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ private:
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window;
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
     const Device& device;
-    VKMemoryManager& memory_manager;
+    MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator;
     VKSwapchain& swapchain;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
     const std::size_t image_count;
@@ -104,14 +104,14 @@ private:
     vk::Sampler sampler;
 
     vk::Buffer buffer;
-    VKMemoryCommit buffer_commit;
+    MemoryCommit buffer_commit;
 
     std::vector<u64> resource_ticks;
 
     std::vector<vk::Semaphore> semaphores;
     std::vector<vk::Image> raw_images;
     std::vector<vk::ImageView> raw_image_views;
-    std::vector<VKMemoryCommit> raw_buffer_commits;
+    std::vector<MemoryCommit> raw_buffer_commits;
     u32 raw_width = 0;
     u32 raw_height = 0;
 };

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -34,17 +34,13 @@ constexpr VkAccessFlags UPLOAD_ACCESS_BARRIERS =
 constexpr VkAccessFlags TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_WRITE_ACCESS =
     VK_ACCESS_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_WRITE_BIT_EXT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_COUNTER_WRITE_BIT_EXT;
 
-std::unique_ptr<VKStreamBuffer> CreateStreamBuffer(const Device& device, VKScheduler& scheduler) {
-    return std::make_unique<VKStreamBuffer>(device, scheduler);
-}
-
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-Buffer::Buffer(const Device& device_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-               VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool_, VAddr cpu_addr_, std::size_t size_)
+Buffer::Buffer(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
+               StagingBufferPool& staging_pool_, VAddr cpu_addr_, std::size_t size_)
     : BufferBlock{cpu_addr_, size_}, device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_pool{
                                                                                  staging_pool_} {
-    const VkBufferCreateInfo ci{
+    buffer = device.GetLogical().CreateBuffer(VkBufferCreateInfo{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
         .flags = 0,
@@ -53,22 +49,20 @@ Buffer::Buffer(const Device& device_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKSchedul
         .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
         .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
         .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
-    };
-
-    buffer.handle = device.GetLogical().CreateBuffer(ci);
-    buffer.commit = memory_manager.Commit(buffer.handle, false);
+    });
+    commit = memory_allocator.Commit(buffer, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 }
 
 Buffer::~Buffer() = default;
 
 void Buffer::Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, const u8* data) {
-    const auto& staging = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(data_size, true);
-    std::memcpy(staging.commit->Map(data_size), data, data_size);
+    const auto& staging = staging_pool.Request(data_size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+    std::memcpy(staging.mapped_span.data(), data, data_size);
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
 
     const VkBuffer handle = Handle();
-    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, handle, offset, data_size,
+    scheduler.Record([staging = staging.buffer, handle, offset, data_size,
                       &device = device](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         const VkBufferMemoryBarrier read_barrier{
             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER,
@@ -104,12 +98,12 @@ void Buffer::Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, const u8* data) {
 }
 
 void Buffer::Download(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, u8* data) {
-    const auto& staging = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(data_size, true);
+    auto staging = staging_pool.Request(data_size, MemoryUsage::Download);
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
 
     const VkBuffer handle = Handle();
     scheduler.Record(
-        [staging = *staging.handle, handle, offset, data_size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+        [staging = staging.buffer, handle, offset, data_size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
             const VkBufferMemoryBarrier barrier{
                 .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER,
                 .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -130,7 +124,7 @@ void Buffer::Download(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, u8* data) {
         });
     scheduler.Finish();
 
-    std::memcpy(data, staging.commit->Map(data_size), data_size);
+    std::memcpy(data, staging.mapped_span.data(), data_size);
 }
 
 void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst_offset,
@@ -168,29 +162,29 @@ void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst
 
 VKBufferCache::VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
                              Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_,
-                             const Device& device_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_,
+                             const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_,
                              VKScheduler& scheduler_, VKStreamBuffer& stream_buffer_,
-                             VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool_)
+                             StagingBufferPool& staging_pool_)
     : VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer>{rasterizer_, gpu_memory_,
                                                                  cpu_memory_, stream_buffer_},
-      device{device_}, memory_manager{memory_manager_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_pool{
-                                                                                   staging_pool_} {}
+      device{device_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
+      staging_pool{staging_pool_} {}
 
 VKBufferCache::~VKBufferCache() = default;
 
 std::shared_ptr<Buffer> VKBufferCache::CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
-    return std::make_shared<Buffer>(device, memory_manager, scheduler, staging_pool, cpu_addr,
+    return std::make_shared<Buffer>(device, memory_allocator, scheduler, staging_pool, cpu_addr,
                                     size);
 }
 
 VKBufferCache::BufferInfo VKBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) {
     size = std::max(size, std::size_t(4));
-    const auto& empty = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(size, false);
+    const auto& empty = staging_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([size, buffer = *empty.handle](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+    scheduler.Record([size, buffer = empty.buffer](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         cmdbuf.FillBuffer(buffer, 0, size, 0);
     });
-    return {*empty.handle, 0, 0};
+    return {empty.buffer, 0, 0};
 }
 
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h

@@ -8,21 +8,20 @@
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Vulkan {
 
 class Device;
-class VKMemoryManager;
 class VKScheduler;
 
 class Buffer final : public VideoCommon::BufferBlock {
 public:
-    explicit Buffer(const Device& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool, VAddr cpu_addr_, std::size_t size_);
+    explicit Buffer(const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                    StagingBufferPool& staging_pool, VAddr cpu_addr_, std::size_t size_);
     ~Buffer();
 
     void Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, const u8* data);
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ public:
                   std::size_t copy_size);
 
     VkBuffer Handle() const {
-        return *buffer.handle;
+        return *buffer;
     }
 
     u64 Address() const {
@@ -43,18 +42,19 @@ public:
 private:
     const Device& device;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
-    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool;
+    StagingBufferPool& staging_pool;
 
-    VKBuffer buffer;
+    vk::Buffer buffer;
+    MemoryCommit commit;
 };
 
 class VKBufferCache final : public VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer> {
 public:
     explicit VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
                            Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
-                           const Device& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
+                           const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator,
                            VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStreamBuffer& stream_buffer,
-                           VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool);
+                           StagingBufferPool& staging_pool);
     ~VKBufferCache();
 
     BufferInfo GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) override;
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ protected:
 
 private:
     const Device& device;
-    VKMemoryManager& memory_manager;
+    MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
-    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool;
+    StagingBufferPool& staging_pool;
 };
 
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ VkDescriptorSet VKComputePass::CommitDescriptorSet(
 
 QuadArrayPass::QuadArrayPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
                              VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
-                             VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
+                             StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                              VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_)
     : VKComputePass(device_, descriptor_pool_, BuildQuadArrayPassDescriptorSetLayoutBinding(),
                     BuildQuadArrayPassDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry(),
@@ -177,18 +177,18 @@ QuadArrayPass::~QuadArrayPass() = default;
 std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> QuadArrayPass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, u32 first) {
     const u32 num_triangle_vertices = (num_vertices / 4) * 6;
     const std::size_t staging_size = num_triangle_vertices * sizeof(u32);
-    auto& buffer = staging_buffer_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(staging_size, false);
+    const auto staging_ref = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 
     update_descriptor_queue.Acquire();
-    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(*buffer.handle, 0, staging_size);
+    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(staging_ref.buffer, 0, staging_size);
     const VkDescriptorSet set = CommitDescriptorSet(update_descriptor_queue);
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
 
     ASSERT(num_vertices % 4 == 0);
     const u32 num_quads = num_vertices / 4;
-    scheduler.Record([layout = *layout, pipeline = *pipeline, buffer = *buffer.handle, num_quads,
-                      first, set](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+    scheduler.Record([layout = *layout, pipeline = *pipeline, buffer = staging_ref.buffer,
+                      num_quads, first, set](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         constexpr u32 dispatch_size = 1024;
         cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline);
         cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, layout, 0, set, {});
@@ -208,11 +208,11 @@ std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> QuadArrayPass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, u32
         cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
                                VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, 0, {}, {barrier}, {});
     });
-    return {*buffer.handle, 0};
+    return {staging_ref.buffer, 0};
 }
 
 Uint8Pass::Uint8Pass(const Device& device, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                     VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
+                     VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool, StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                      VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_)
     : VKComputePass(device, descriptor_pool, BuildInputOutputDescriptorSetBindings(),
                     BuildInputOutputDescriptorUpdateTemplate(), {}, VULKAN_UINT8_COMP_SPV),
@@ -224,15 +224,15 @@ Uint8Pass::~Uint8Pass() = default;
 std::pair<VkBuffer, u64> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buffer,
                                              u64 src_offset) {
     const u32 staging_size = static_cast<u32>(num_vertices * sizeof(u16));
-    auto& buffer = staging_buffer_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(staging_size, false);
+    const auto staging_ref = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 
     update_descriptor_queue.Acquire();
     update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, num_vertices);
-    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(*buffer.handle, 0, staging_size);
+    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(staging_ref.buffer, 0, staging_size);
     const VkDescriptorSet set = CommitDescriptorSet(update_descriptor_queue);
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([layout = *layout, pipeline = *pipeline, buffer = *buffer.handle, set,
+    scheduler.Record([layout = *layout, pipeline = *pipeline, buffer = staging_ref.buffer, set,
                       num_vertices](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         constexpr u32 dispatch_size = 1024;
         cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline);
@@ -252,12 +252,12 @@ std::pair<VkBuffer, u64> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buff
         cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
                                VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, 0, {}, barrier, {});
     });
-    return {*buffer.handle, 0};
+    return {staging_ref.buffer, 0};
 }
 
 QuadIndexedPass::QuadIndexedPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
                                  VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
-                                 VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
+                                 StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                                  VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_)
     : VKComputePass(device_, descriptor_pool_, BuildInputOutputDescriptorSetBindings(),
                     BuildInputOutputDescriptorUpdateTemplate(),
@@ -286,15 +286,15 @@ std::pair<VkBuffer, u64> QuadIndexedPass::Assemble(
     const u32 num_tri_vertices = (num_vertices / 4) * 6;
 
     const std::size_t staging_size = num_tri_vertices * sizeof(u32);
-    auto& buffer = staging_buffer_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(staging_size, false);
+    const auto staging_ref = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 
     update_descriptor_queue.Acquire();
     update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, input_size);
-    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(*buffer.handle, 0, staging_size);
+    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(staging_ref.buffer, 0, staging_size);
     const VkDescriptorSet set = CommitDescriptorSet(update_descriptor_queue);
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([layout = *layout, pipeline = *pipeline, buffer = *buffer.handle, set,
+    scheduler.Record([layout = *layout, pipeline = *pipeline, buffer = staging_ref.buffer, set,
                       num_tri_vertices, base_vertex, index_shift](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         static constexpr u32 dispatch_size = 1024;
         const std::array push_constants = {base_vertex, index_shift};
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ std::pair<VkBuffer, u64> QuadIndexedPass::Assemble(
         cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
                                VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, 0, {}, barrier, {});
     });
-    return {*buffer.handle, 0};
+    return {staging_ref.buffer, 0};
 }
 
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 namespace Vulkan {
 
 class Device;
+class StagingBufferPool;
 class VKScheduler;
-class VKStagingBufferPool;
 class VKUpdateDescriptorQueue;
 
 class VKComputePass {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class QuadArrayPass final : public VKComputePass {
 public:
     explicit QuadArrayPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
                            VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
-                           VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
+                           StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                            VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_);
     ~QuadArrayPass();
 
@@ -53,15 +53,14 @@ public:
 
 private:
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
-    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool;
+    StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool;
     VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue;
 };
 
 class Uint8Pass final : public VKComputePass {
 public:
     explicit Uint8Pass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                       VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
-                       VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
+                       VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_, StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                        VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_);
     ~Uint8Pass();
 
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
-    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool;
+    StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool;
     VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue;
 };
 
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ class QuadIndexedPass final : public VKComputePass {
 public:
     explicit QuadIndexedPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
                              VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
-                             VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
+                             StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                              VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_);
     ~QuadIndexedPass();
 
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
-    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool;
+    StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool;
     VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue;
 };
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.cpp

@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <optional>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "common/alignment.h"
-#include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
-#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
-#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
-
-namespace Vulkan {
-
-namespace {
-
-u64 GetAllocationChunkSize(u64 required_size) {
-    static constexpr u64 sizes[] = {16ULL << 20, 32ULL << 20, 64ULL << 20, 128ULL << 20};
-    auto it = std::lower_bound(std::begin(sizes), std::end(sizes), required_size);
-    return it != std::end(sizes) ? *it : Common::AlignUp(required_size, 256ULL << 20);
-}
-
-} // Anonymous namespace
-
-class VKMemoryAllocation final {
-public:
-    explicit VKMemoryAllocation(const Device& device_, vk::DeviceMemory memory_,
-                                VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties_, u64 allocation_size_, u32 type_)
-        : device{device_}, memory{std::move(memory_)}, properties{properties_},
-          allocation_size{allocation_size_}, shifted_type{ShiftType(type_)} {}
-
-    VKMemoryCommit Commit(VkDeviceSize commit_size, VkDeviceSize alignment) {
-        auto found = TryFindFreeSection(free_iterator, allocation_size,
-                                        static_cast<u64>(commit_size), static_cast<u64>(alignment));
-        if (!found) {
-            found = TryFindFreeSection(0, free_iterator, static_cast<u64>(commit_size),
-                                       static_cast<u64>(alignment));
-            if (!found) {
-                // Signal out of memory, it'll try to do more allocations.
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-        }
-        auto commit = std::make_unique<VKMemoryCommitImpl>(device, this, memory, *found,
-                                                           *found + commit_size);
-        commits.push_back(commit.get());
-
-        // Last commit's address is highly probable to be free.
-        free_iterator = *found + commit_size;
-
-        return commit;
-    }
-
-    void Free(const VKMemoryCommitImpl* commit) {
-        ASSERT(commit);
-
-        const auto it = std::find(std::begin(commits), std::end(commits), commit);
-        if (it == commits.end()) {
-            UNREACHABLE_MSG("Freeing unallocated commit!");
-            return;
-        }
-        commits.erase(it);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether this allocation is compatible with the arguments.
-    bool IsCompatible(VkMemoryPropertyFlags wanted_properties, u32 type_mask) const {
-        return (wanted_properties & properties) && (type_mask & shifted_type) != 0;
-    }
-
-private:
-    static constexpr u32 ShiftType(u32 type) {
-        return 1U << type;
-    }
-
-    /// A memory allocator, it may return a free region between "start" and "end" with the solicited
-    /// requirements.
-    std::optional<u64> TryFindFreeSection(u64 start, u64 end, u64 size, u64 alignment) const {
-        u64 iterator = Common::AlignUp(start, alignment);
-        while (iterator + size <= end) {
-            const u64 try_left = iterator;
-            const u64 try_right = try_left + size;
-
-            bool overlap = false;
-            for (const auto& commit : commits) {
-                const auto [commit_left, commit_right] = commit->interval;
-                if (try_left < commit_right && commit_left < try_right) {
-                    // There's an overlap, continue the search where the overlapping commit ends.
-                    iterator = Common::AlignUp(commit_right, alignment);
-                    overlap = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!overlap) {
-                // A free address has been found.
-                return try_left;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // No free regions where found, return an empty optional.
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    const Device& device;                   ///< Vulkan device.
-    const vk::DeviceMemory memory;          ///< Vulkan memory allocation handler.
-    const VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties; ///< Vulkan properties.
-    const u64 allocation_size;              ///< Size of this allocation.
-    const u32 shifted_type;                 ///< Stored Vulkan type of this allocation, shifted.
-
-    /// Hints where the next free region is likely going to be.
-    u64 free_iterator{};
-
-    /// Stores all commits done from this allocation.
-    std::vector<const VKMemoryCommitImpl*> commits;
-};
-
-VKMemoryManager::VKMemoryManager(const Device& device_)
-    : device{device_}, properties{device_.GetPhysical().GetMemoryProperties()} {}
-
-VKMemoryManager::~VKMemoryManager() = default;
-
-VKMemoryCommit VKMemoryManager::Commit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements,
-                                       bool host_visible) {
-    const u64 chunk_size = GetAllocationChunkSize(requirements.size);
-
-    // When a host visible commit is asked, search for host visible and coherent, otherwise search
-    // for a fast device local type.
-    const VkMemoryPropertyFlags wanted_properties =
-        host_visible ? VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT
-                     : VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
-
-    if (auto commit = TryAllocCommit(requirements, wanted_properties)) {
-        return commit;
-    }
-
-    // Commit has failed, allocate more memory.
-    if (!AllocMemory(wanted_properties, requirements.memoryTypeBits, chunk_size)) {
-        // TODO(Rodrigo): Handle these situations in some way like flushing to guest memory.
-        // Allocation has failed, panic.
-        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Ran out of VRAM!");
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    // Commit again, this time it won't fail since there's a fresh allocation above. If it does,
-    // there's a bug.
-    auto commit = TryAllocCommit(requirements, wanted_properties);
-    ASSERT(commit);
-    return commit;
-}
-
-VKMemoryCommit VKMemoryManager::Commit(const vk::Buffer& buffer, bool host_visible) {
-    auto commit = Commit(device.GetLogical().GetBufferMemoryRequirements(*buffer), host_visible);
-    buffer.BindMemory(commit->GetMemory(), commit->GetOffset());
-    return commit;
-}
-
-VKMemoryCommit VKMemoryManager::Commit(const vk::Image& image, bool host_visible) {
-    auto commit = Commit(device.GetLogical().GetImageMemoryRequirements(*image), host_visible);
-    image.BindMemory(commit->GetMemory(), commit->GetOffset());
-    return commit;
-}
-
-bool VKMemoryManager::AllocMemory(VkMemoryPropertyFlags wanted_properties, u32 type_mask,
-                                  u64 size) {
-    const u32 type = [&] {
-        for (u32 type_index = 0; type_index < properties.memoryTypeCount; ++type_index) {
-            const auto flags = properties.memoryTypes[type_index].propertyFlags;
-            if ((type_mask & (1U << type_index)) && (flags & wanted_properties)) {
-                // The type matches in type and in the wanted properties.
-                return type_index;
-            }
-        }
-        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Couldn't find a compatible memory type!");
-        return 0U;
-    }();
-
-    // Try to allocate found type.
-    vk::DeviceMemory memory = device.GetLogical().TryAllocateMemory({
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
-        .pNext = nullptr,
-        .allocationSize = size,
-        .memoryTypeIndex = type,
-    });
-    if (!memory) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Device allocation failed!");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    allocations.push_back(std::make_unique<VKMemoryAllocation>(device, std::move(memory),
-                                                               wanted_properties, size, type));
-    return true;
-}
-
-VKMemoryCommit VKMemoryManager::TryAllocCommit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements,
-                                               VkMemoryPropertyFlags wanted_properties) {
-    for (auto& allocation : allocations) {
-        if (!allocation->IsCompatible(wanted_properties, requirements.memoryTypeBits)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (auto commit = allocation->Commit(requirements.size, requirements.alignment)) {
-            return commit;
-        }
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-VKMemoryCommitImpl::VKMemoryCommitImpl(const Device& device_, VKMemoryAllocation* allocation_,
-                                       const vk::DeviceMemory& memory_, u64 begin_, u64 end_)
-    : device{device_}, memory{memory_}, interval{begin_, end_}, allocation{allocation_} {}
-
-VKMemoryCommitImpl::~VKMemoryCommitImpl() {
-    allocation->Free(this);
-}
-
-MemoryMap VKMemoryCommitImpl::Map(u64 size, u64 offset_) const {
-    return MemoryMap(this, std::span<u8>(memory.Map(interval.first + offset_, size), size));
-}
-
-void VKMemoryCommitImpl::Unmap() const {
-    memory.Unmap();
-}
-
-MemoryMap VKMemoryCommitImpl::Map() const {
-    return Map(interval.second - interval.first);
-}
-
-} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h

@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <span>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
-
-namespace Vulkan {
-
-class Device;
-class MemoryMap;
-class VKMemoryAllocation;
-class VKMemoryCommitImpl;
-
-using VKMemoryCommit = std::unique_ptr<VKMemoryCommitImpl>;
-
-class VKMemoryManager final {
-public:
-    explicit VKMemoryManager(const Device& device_);
-    VKMemoryManager(const VKMemoryManager&) = delete;
-    ~VKMemoryManager();
-
-    /**
-     * Commits a memory with the specified requeriments.
-     * @param requirements Requirements returned from a Vulkan call.
-     * @param host_visible Signals the allocator that it *must* use host visible and coherent
-     *                     memory. When passing false, it will try to allocate device local memory.
-     * @returns A memory commit.
-     */
-    VKMemoryCommit Commit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements, bool host_visible);
-
-    /// Commits memory required by the buffer and binds it.
-    VKMemoryCommit Commit(const vk::Buffer& buffer, bool host_visible);
-
-    /// Commits memory required by the image and binds it.
-    VKMemoryCommit Commit(const vk::Image& image, bool host_visible);
-
-private:
-    /// Allocates a chunk of memory.
-    bool AllocMemory(VkMemoryPropertyFlags wanted_properties, u32 type_mask, u64 size);
-
-    /// Tries to allocate a memory commit.
-    VKMemoryCommit TryAllocCommit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements,
-                                  VkMemoryPropertyFlags wanted_properties);
-
-    const Device& device;                                         ///< Device handler.
-    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties properties;            ///< Physical device properties.
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<VKMemoryAllocation>> allocations; ///< Current allocations.
-};
-
-class VKMemoryCommitImpl final {
-    friend VKMemoryAllocation;
-    friend MemoryMap;
-
-public:
-    explicit VKMemoryCommitImpl(const Device& device_, VKMemoryAllocation* allocation_,
-                                const vk::DeviceMemory& memory_, u64 begin_, u64 end_);
-    ~VKMemoryCommitImpl();
-
-    /// Maps a memory region and returns a pointer to it.
-    /// It's illegal to have more than one memory map at the same time.
-    MemoryMap Map(u64 size, u64 offset = 0) const;
-
-    /// Maps the whole commit and returns a pointer to it.
-    /// It's illegal to have more than one memory map at the same time.
-    MemoryMap Map() const;
-
-    /// Returns the Vulkan memory handler.
-    VkDeviceMemory GetMemory() const {
-        return *memory;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the start position of the commit relative to the allocation.
-    VkDeviceSize GetOffset() const {
-        return static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(interval.first);
-    }
-
-private:
-    /// Unmaps memory.
-    void Unmap() const;
-
-    const Device& device;             ///< Vulkan device.
-    const vk::DeviceMemory& memory;   ///< Vulkan device memory handler.
-    std::pair<u64, u64> interval{};   ///< Interval where the commit exists.
-    VKMemoryAllocation* allocation{}; ///< Pointer to the large memory allocation.
-};
-
-/// Holds ownership of a memory map.
-class MemoryMap final {
-public:
-    explicit MemoryMap(const VKMemoryCommitImpl* commit_, std::span<u8> span_)
-        : commit{commit_}, span{span_} {}
-
-    ~MemoryMap() {
-        if (commit) {
-            commit->Unmap();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Prematurely releases the memory map.
-    void Release() {
-        commit->Unmap();
-        commit = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a span to the memory map.
-    [[nodiscard]] std::span<u8> Span() const noexcept {
-        return span;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the address of the memory map.
-    [[nodiscard]] u8* Address() const noexcept {
-        return span.data();
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the address of the memory map;
-    [[nodiscard]] operator u8*() const noexcept {
-        return span.data();
-    }
-
-private:
-    const VKMemoryCommitImpl* commit{}; ///< Mapped memory commit.
-    std::span<u8> span;                 ///< Address to the mapped memory.
-};
-
-} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -409,24 +409,24 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::DrawParameters::Draw(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) const {
 RasterizerVulkan::RasterizerVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                                    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_,
                                    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, VKScreenInfo& screen_info_,
-                                   const Device& device_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_,
+                                   const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_,
                                    StateTracker& state_tracker_, VKScheduler& scheduler_)
     : RasterizerAccelerated{cpu_memory_}, gpu{gpu_},
       gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, maxwell3d{gpu.Maxwell3D()}, kepler_compute{gpu.KeplerCompute()},
-      screen_info{screen_info_}, device{device_}, memory_manager{memory_manager_},
+      screen_info{screen_info_}, device{device_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_},
       state_tracker{state_tracker_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, stream_buffer(device, scheduler),
-      staging_pool(device, memory_manager, scheduler), descriptor_pool(device, scheduler),
+      staging_pool(device, memory_allocator, scheduler), descriptor_pool(device, scheduler),
       update_descriptor_queue(device, scheduler),
       blit_image(device, scheduler, state_tracker, descriptor_pool),
       quad_array_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
       quad_indexed_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
       uint8_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
-      texture_cache_runtime{device, scheduler, memory_manager, staging_pool, blit_image},
+      texture_cache_runtime{device, scheduler, memory_allocator, staging_pool, blit_image},
       texture_cache(texture_cache_runtime, *this, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory),
       pipeline_cache(*this, gpu, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, device, scheduler,
                      descriptor_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
-      buffer_cache(*this, gpu_memory, cpu_memory_, device, memory_manager, scheduler, stream_buffer,
-                   staging_pool),
+      buffer_cache(*this, gpu_memory, cpu_memory_, device, memory_allocator, scheduler,
+                   stream_buffer, staging_pool),
       query_cache{*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device, scheduler},
       fence_manager(*this, gpu, gpu_memory, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache, scheduler),
       wfi_event(device.GetLogical().CreateEvent()), async_shaders(emu_window_) {
@@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ VkBuffer RasterizerVulkan::DefaultBuffer() {
         .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
         .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
     });
-    default_buffer_commit = memory_manager.Commit(default_buffer, false);
+    default_buffer_commit = memory_allocator.Commit(default_buffer, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
     scheduler.Record([buffer = *default_buffer](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_fence_manager.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.h"
 #include "video_core/shader/async_shaders.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Core {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public:
     explicit RasterizerVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_,
                               VKScreenInfo& screen_info_, const Device& device_,
-                              VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_, StateTracker& state_tracker_,
+                              MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_, StateTracker& state_tracker_,
                               VKScheduler& scheduler_);
     ~RasterizerVulkan() override;
 
@@ -213,12 +213,12 @@ private:
 
     VKScreenInfo& screen_info;
     const Device& device;
-    VKMemoryManager& memory_manager;
+    MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator;
     StateTracker& state_tracker;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
 
     VKStreamBuffer stream_buffer;
-    VKStagingBufferPool staging_pool;
+    StagingBufferPool staging_pool;
     VKDescriptorPool descriptor_pool;
     VKUpdateDescriptorQueue update_descriptor_queue;
     BlitImageHelper blit_image;
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ private:
     VKFenceManager fence_manager;
 
     vk::Buffer default_buffer;
-    VKMemoryCommit default_buffer_commit;
+    MemoryCommit default_buffer_commit;
     vk::Event wfi_event;
     VideoCommon::Shader::AsyncShaders async_shaders;
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_decompiler.cpp

@@ -1334,7 +1334,10 @@ private:
         }
 
         if (const auto comment = std::get_if<CommentNode>(&*node)) {
-            Name(OpUndef(t_void), comment->GetText());
+            if (device.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
+                // We should insert comments with OpString instead of using named variables
+                Name(OpUndef(t_int), comment->GetText());
+            }
             return {};
         }
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.cpp

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/bit_util.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
@@ -16,45 +18,51 @@
 
 namespace Vulkan {
 
-VKStagingBufferPool::StagingBuffer::StagingBuffer(std::unique_ptr<VKBuffer> buffer_)
-    : buffer{std::move(buffer_)} {}
+StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_,
+                                     VKScheduler& scheduler_)
+    : device{device_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, scheduler{scheduler_} {}
 
-VKStagingBufferPool::VKStagingBufferPool(const Device& device_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_,
-                                         VKScheduler& scheduler_)
-    : device{device_}, memory_manager{memory_manager_}, scheduler{scheduler_} {}
+StagingBufferPool::~StagingBufferPool() = default;
 
-VKStagingBufferPool::~VKStagingBufferPool() = default;
-
-VKBuffer& VKStagingBufferPool::GetUnusedBuffer(std::size_t size, bool host_visible) {
-    if (const auto buffer = TryGetReservedBuffer(size, host_visible)) {
-        return *buffer;
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::Request(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage) {
+    if (const std::optional<StagingBufferRef> ref = TryGetReservedBuffer(size, usage)) {
+        return *ref;
     }
-    return CreateStagingBuffer(size, host_visible);
+    return CreateStagingBuffer(size, usage);
 }
 
-void VKStagingBufferPool::TickFrame() {
-    current_delete_level = (current_delete_level + 1) % NumLevels;
+void StagingBufferPool::TickFrame() {
+    current_delete_level = (current_delete_level + 1) % NUM_LEVELS;
 
-    ReleaseCache(true);
-    ReleaseCache(false);
+    ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
+    ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage::Upload);
+    ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage::Download);
 }
 
-VKBuffer* VKStagingBufferPool::TryGetReservedBuffer(std::size_t size, bool host_visible) {
-    for (StagingBuffer& entry : GetCache(host_visible)[Common::Log2Ceil64(size)].entries) {
-        if (!scheduler.IsFree(entry.tick)) {
-            continue;
+std::optional<StagingBufferRef> StagingBufferPool::TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size,
+                                                                        MemoryUsage usage) {
+    StagingBuffers& cache_level = GetCache(usage)[Common::Log2Ceil64(size)];
+
+    const auto is_free = [this](const StagingBuffer& entry) {
+        return scheduler.IsFree(entry.tick);
+    };
+    auto& entries = cache_level.entries;
+    const auto hint_it = entries.begin() + cache_level.iterate_index;
+    auto it = std::find_if(entries.begin() + cache_level.iterate_index, entries.end(), is_free);
+    if (it == entries.end()) {
+        it = std::find_if(entries.begin(), hint_it, is_free);
+        if (it == hint_it) {
+            return std::nullopt;
         }
-        entry.tick = scheduler.CurrentTick();
-        return &*entry.buffer;
     }
-    return nullptr;
+    cache_level.iterate_index = std::distance(entries.begin(), it) + 1;
+    it->tick = scheduler.CurrentTick();
+    return it->Ref();
 }
 
-VKBuffer& VKStagingBufferPool::CreateStagingBuffer(std::size_t size, bool host_visible) {
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::CreateStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage) {
     const u32 log2 = Common::Log2Ceil64(size);
-
-    auto buffer = std::make_unique<VKBuffer>();
-    buffer->handle = device.GetLogical().CreateBuffer({
+    vk::Buffer buffer = device.GetLogical().CreateBuffer({
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
         .flags = 0,
@@ -66,49 +74,63 @@ VKBuffer& VKStagingBufferPool::CreateStagingBuffer(std::size_t size, bool host_v
         .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
         .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
     });
-    buffer->commit = memory_manager.Commit(buffer->handle, host_visible);
+    if (device.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
+        ++buffer_index;
+        buffer.SetObjectNameEXT(fmt::format("Staging Buffer {}", buffer_index).c_str());
+    }
+    MemoryCommit commit = memory_allocator.Commit(buffer, usage);
+    const std::span<u8> mapped_span = IsHostVisible(usage) ? commit.Map() : std::span<u8>{};
 
-    std::vector<StagingBuffer>& entries = GetCache(host_visible)[log2].entries;
-    StagingBuffer& entry = entries.emplace_back(std::move(buffer));
-    entry.tick = scheduler.CurrentTick();
-    return *entry.buffer;
+    StagingBuffer& entry = GetCache(usage)[log2].entries.emplace_back(StagingBuffer{
+        .buffer = std::move(buffer),
+        .commit = std::move(commit),
+        .mapped_span = mapped_span,
+        .tick = scheduler.CurrentTick(),
+    });
+    return entry.Ref();
 }
 
-VKStagingBufferPool::StagingBuffersCache& VKStagingBufferPool::GetCache(bool host_visible) {
-    return host_visible ? host_staging_buffers : device_staging_buffers;
-}
-
-void VKStagingBufferPool::ReleaseCache(bool host_visible) {
-    auto& cache = GetCache(host_visible);
-    const u64 size = ReleaseLevel(cache, current_delete_level);
-    if (size == 0) {
-        return;
+StagingBufferPool::StagingBuffersCache& StagingBufferPool::GetCache(MemoryUsage usage) {
+    switch (usage) {
+    case MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal:
+        return device_local_cache;
+    case MemoryUsage::Upload:
+        return upload_cache;
+    case MemoryUsage::Download:
+        return download_cache;
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid memory usage={}", usage);
+        return upload_cache;
     }
 }
 
-u64 VKStagingBufferPool::ReleaseLevel(StagingBuffersCache& cache, std::size_t log2) {
-    static constexpr std::size_t deletions_per_tick = 16;
+void StagingBufferPool::ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage usage) {
+    ReleaseLevel(GetCache(usage), current_delete_level);
+}
 
+void StagingBufferPool::ReleaseLevel(StagingBuffersCache& cache, size_t log2) {
+    constexpr size_t deletions_per_tick = 16;
     auto& staging = cache[log2];
     auto& entries = staging.entries;
-    const std::size_t old_size = entries.size();
+    const size_t old_size = entries.size();
 
     const auto is_deleteable = [this](const StagingBuffer& entry) {
         return scheduler.IsFree(entry.tick);
     };
-    const std::size_t begin_offset = staging.delete_index;
-    const std::size_t end_offset = std::min(begin_offset + deletions_per_tick, old_size);
-    const auto begin = std::begin(entries) + begin_offset;
-    const auto end = std::begin(entries) + end_offset;
+    const size_t begin_offset = staging.delete_index;
+    const size_t end_offset = std::min(begin_offset + deletions_per_tick, old_size);
+    const auto begin = entries.begin() + begin_offset;
+    const auto end = entries.begin() + end_offset;
     entries.erase(std::remove_if(begin, end, is_deleteable), end);
 
-    const std::size_t new_size = entries.size();
+    const size_t new_size = entries.size();
     staging.delete_index += deletions_per_tick;
     if (staging.delete_index >= new_size) {
         staging.delete_index = 0;
     }
-
-    return (1ULL << log2) * (old_size - new_size);
+    if (staging.iterate_index > new_size) {
+        staging.iterate_index = 0;
+    }
 }
 
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Vulkan {
@@ -17,55 +17,65 @@ namespace Vulkan {
 class Device;
 class VKScheduler;
 
-struct VKBuffer final {
-    vk::Buffer handle;
-    VKMemoryCommit commit;
+struct StagingBufferRef {
+    VkBuffer buffer;
+    std::span<u8> mapped_span;
 };
 
-class VKStagingBufferPool final {
+class StagingBufferPool {
 public:
-    explicit VKStagingBufferPool(const Device& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                                 VKScheduler& scheduler);
-    ~VKStagingBufferPool();
+    explicit StagingBufferPool(const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator,
+                               VKScheduler& scheduler);
+    ~StagingBufferPool();
 
-    VKBuffer& GetUnusedBuffer(std::size_t size, bool host_visible);
+    StagingBufferRef Request(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage);
 
     void TickFrame();
 
 private:
-    struct StagingBuffer final {
-        explicit StagingBuffer(std::unique_ptr<VKBuffer> buffer);
-
-        std::unique_ptr<VKBuffer> buffer;
+    struct StagingBuffer {
+        vk::Buffer buffer;
+        MemoryCommit commit;
+        std::span<u8> mapped_span;
         u64 tick = 0;
+
+        StagingBufferRef Ref() const noexcept {
+            return {
+                .buffer = *buffer,
+                .mapped_span = mapped_span,
+            };
+        }
     };
 
-    struct StagingBuffers final {
+    struct StagingBuffers {
         std::vector<StagingBuffer> entries;
-        std::size_t delete_index = 0;
+        size_t delete_index = 0;
+        size_t iterate_index = 0;
     };
 
-    static constexpr std::size_t NumLevels = sizeof(std::size_t) * CHAR_BIT;
-    using StagingBuffersCache = std::array<StagingBuffers, NumLevels>;
+    static constexpr size_t NUM_LEVELS = sizeof(size_t) * CHAR_BIT;
+    using StagingBuffersCache = std::array<StagingBuffers, NUM_LEVELS>;
 
-    VKBuffer* TryGetReservedBuffer(std::size_t size, bool host_visible);
+    std::optional<StagingBufferRef> TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage);
 
-    VKBuffer& CreateStagingBuffer(std::size_t size, bool host_visible);
+    StagingBufferRef CreateStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage);
 
-    StagingBuffersCache& GetCache(bool host_visible);
+    StagingBuffersCache& GetCache(MemoryUsage usage);
 
-    void ReleaseCache(bool host_visible);
+    void ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage usage);
 
-    u64 ReleaseLevel(StagingBuffersCache& cache, std::size_t log2);
+    void ReleaseLevel(StagingBuffersCache& cache, size_t log2);
 
     const Device& device;
-    VKMemoryManager& memory_manager;
+    MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
 
-    StagingBuffersCache host_staging_buffers;
-    StagingBuffersCache device_staging_buffers;
+    StagingBuffersCache device_local_cache;
+    StagingBuffersCache upload_cache;
+    StagingBuffersCache download_cache;
 
-    std::size_t current_delete_level = 0;
+    size_t current_delete_level = 0;
+    u64 buffer_index = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
 #include "video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/maxwell_to_vk.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Vulkan {
@@ -554,10 +554,18 @@ void TextureCacheRuntime::Finish() {
 }
 
 ImageBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::MapUploadBuffer(size_t size) {
-    const auto& buffer = staging_buffer_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(size, true);
-    return ImageBufferMap{
-        .handle = *buffer.handle,
-        .map = buffer.commit->Map(size),
+    const auto staging_ref = staging_buffer_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+    return {
+        .handle = staging_ref.buffer,
+        .span = staging_ref.mapped_span,
+    };
+}
+
+ImageBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::MapDownloadBuffer(size_t size) {
+    const auto staging_ref = staging_buffer_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Download);
+    return {
+        .handle = staging_ref.buffer,
+        .span = staging_ref.mapped_span,
     };
 }
 
@@ -788,9 +796,9 @@ Image::Image(TextureCacheRuntime& runtime, const ImageInfo& info_, GPUVAddr gpu_
       image(MakeImage(runtime.device, info)), buffer(MakeBuffer(runtime.device, info)),
       aspect_mask(ImageAspectMask(info.format)) {
     if (image) {
-        commit = runtime.memory_manager.Commit(image, false);
+        commit = runtime.memory_allocator.Commit(image, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
     } else {
-        commit = runtime.memory_manager.Commit(buffer, false);
+        commit = runtime.memory_allocator.Commit(buffer, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
     }
     if (IsPixelFormatASTC(info.format) && !runtime.device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()) {
         flags |= VideoCommon::ImageFlagBits::Converted;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include <compare>
 #include <span>
 
-#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Vulkan {
@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@ using VideoCommon::Offset2D;
 using VideoCommon::RenderTargets;
 using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
 
-class VKScheduler;
-class VKStagingBufferPool;
-
 class BlitImageHelper;
 class Device;
 class Image;
 class ImageView;
 class Framebuffer;
+class StagingBufferPool;
+class VKScheduler;
 
 struct RenderPassKey {
     constexpr auto operator<=>(const RenderPassKey&) const noexcept = default;
@@ -60,18 +59,18 @@ struct ImageBufferMap {
     }
 
     [[nodiscard]] std::span<u8> Span() const noexcept {
-        return map.Span();
+        return span;
     }
 
     VkBuffer handle;
-    MemoryMap map;
+    std::span<u8> span;
 };
 
 struct TextureCacheRuntime {
     const Device& device;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
-    VKMemoryManager& memory_manager;
-    VKStagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool;
+    MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator;
+    StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool;
     BlitImageHelper& blit_image_helper;
     std::unordered_map<RenderPassKey, vk::RenderPass> renderpass_cache;
 
@@ -79,10 +78,7 @@ struct TextureCacheRuntime {
 
     [[nodiscard]] ImageBufferMap MapUploadBuffer(size_t size);
 
-    [[nodiscard]] ImageBufferMap MapDownloadBuffer(size_t size) {
-        // TODO: Have a special function for this
-        return MapUploadBuffer(size);
-    }
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageBufferMap MapDownloadBuffer(size_t size);
 
     void BlitImage(Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& dst, ImageView& src,
                    const std::array<Offset2D, 2>& dst_region,
@@ -141,7 +137,7 @@ private:
     VKScheduler* scheduler;
     vk::Image image;
     vk::Buffer buffer;
-    VKMemoryCommit commit;
+    MemoryCommit commit;
     VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask = 0;
     bool initialized = false;
 };

src/video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ BlockLinearSwizzle2DParams MakeBlockLinearSwizzle2DParams(const SwizzleParameter
     const Extent3D num_tiles = swizzle.num_tiles;
     const u32 bytes_per_block = BytesPerBlock(info.format);
     const u32 stride_alignment = CalculateLevelStrideAlignment(info, swizzle.level);
-    const u32 stride = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.width, stride_alignment) * bytes_per_block;
+    const u32 stride = Common::AlignUpLog2(num_tiles.width, stride_alignment) * bytes_per_block;
     const u32 gobs_in_x = Common::DivCeilLog2(stride, GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT);
     return BlockLinearSwizzle2DParams{
         .origin{0, 0, 0},
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ BlockLinearSwizzle3DParams MakeBlockLinearSwizzle3DParams(const SwizzleParameter
     const Extent3D num_tiles = swizzle.num_tiles;
     const u32 bytes_per_block = BytesPerBlock(info.format);
     const u32 stride_alignment = CalculateLevelStrideAlignment(info, swizzle.level);
-    const u32 stride = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.width, stride_alignment) * bytes_per_block;
+    const u32 stride = Common::AlignUpLog2(num_tiles.width, stride_alignment) * bytes_per_block;
 
     const u32 gobs_in_x = (stride + GOB_SIZE_X - 1) >> GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT;
     const u32 block_size = gobs_in_x << (GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block.height + block.depth);

src/video_core/texture_cache/util.cpp

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ template <u32 GOB_EXTENT>
     const bool is_small = IsSmallerThanGobSize(blocks, gob, info.block.depth);
     const u32 alignment = is_small ? 0 : info.tile_width_spacing;
     return Extent2D{
-        .width = Common::AlignBits(gobs.width, alignment),
+        .width = Common::AlignUpLog2(gobs.width, alignment),
         .height = gobs.height,
     };
 }
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ template <u32 GOB_EXTENT>
     // https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/blob/1c9aba6de1520aea5480c032e0ff5664ac1bb36f/Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture/SizeCalculator.cs#L134
     if (tile_width_spacing > 0) {
         const u32 alignment_log2 = GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + tile_width_spacing + block.height + block.depth;
-        return Common::AlignBits(size_bytes, alignment_log2);
+        return Common::AlignUpLog2(size_bytes, alignment_log2);
     }
     const u32 aligned_height = Common::AlignUp(size.height, tile_size_y);
     while (block.height != 0 && aligned_height <= (1U << (block.height - 1)) * GOB_SIZE_Y) {
@@ -528,9 +528,9 @@ template <u32 GOB_EXTENT>
     const u32 alignment = StrideAlignment(num_tiles, info.block, bpp_log2, info.tile_width_spacing);
     const Extent3D mip_block = AdjustMipBlockSize(num_tiles, info.block, 0);
     return Extent3D{
-        .width = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.width, alignment),
-        .height = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.height, GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT + mip_block.height),
-        .depth = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.depth, GOB_SIZE_Z_SHIFT + mip_block.depth),
+        .width = Common::AlignUpLog2(num_tiles.width, alignment),
+        .height = Common::AlignUpLog2(num_tiles.height, GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT + mip_block.height),
+        .depth = Common::AlignUpLog2(num_tiles.depth, GOB_SIZE_Z_SHIFT + mip_block.depth),
     };
 }
 
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ u32 CalculateLayerSize(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
 }
 
 std::array<u32, MAX_MIP_LEVELS> CalculateMipLevelOffsets(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
-    ASSERT(info.resources.levels <= MAX_MIP_LEVELS);
+    ASSERT(info.resources.levels <= static_cast<s32>(MAX_MIP_LEVELS));
     const LevelInfo level_info = MakeLevelInfo(info);
     std::array<u32, MAX_MIP_LEVELS> offsets{};
     u32 offset = 0;

src/video_core/textures/astc.cpp

@@ -42,21 +42,24 @@ constexpr u32 Popcnt(u32 n) {
 
 class InputBitStream {
 public:
-    constexpr explicit InputBitStream(const u8* ptr, std::size_t start_offset = 0)
-        : cur_byte{ptr}, next_bit{start_offset % 8} {}
+    constexpr explicit InputBitStream(std::span<const u8> data, size_t start_offset = 0)
+        : cur_byte{data.data()}, total_bits{data.size()}, next_bit{start_offset % 8} {}
 
-    constexpr std::size_t GetBitsRead() const {
+    constexpr size_t GetBitsRead() const {
         return bits_read;
     }
 
     constexpr bool ReadBit() {
-        const bool bit = (*cur_byte >> next_bit++) & 1;
+        if (bits_read >= total_bits * 8) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        const bool bit = ((*cur_byte >> next_bit) & 1) != 0;
+        ++next_bit;
         while (next_bit >= 8) {
             next_bit -= 8;
-            cur_byte++;
+            ++cur_byte;
         }
-
-        bits_read++;
+        ++bits_read;
         return bit;
     }
 
@@ -79,8 +82,9 @@ public:
 
 private:
     const u8* cur_byte;
-    std::size_t next_bit = 0;
-    std::size_t bits_read = 0;
+    size_t total_bits = 0;
+    size_t next_bit = 0;
+    size_t bits_read = 0;
 };
 
 class OutputBitStream {
@@ -193,15 +197,15 @@ struct IntegerEncodedValue {
     };
 };
 using IntegerEncodedVector = boost::container::static_vector<
-    IntegerEncodedValue, 64,
+    IntegerEncodedValue, 256,
     boost::container::static_vector_options<
         boost::container::inplace_alignment<alignof(IntegerEncodedValue)>,
         boost::container::throw_on_overflow<false>>::type>;
 
 static void DecodeTritBlock(InputBitStream& bits, IntegerEncodedVector& result, u32 nBitsPerValue) {
     // Implement the algorithm in section C.2.12
-    u32 m[5];
-    u32 t[5];
+    std::array<u32, 5> m;
+    std::array<u32, 5> t;
     u32 T;
 
     // Read the trit encoded block according to
@@ -866,7 +870,7 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-static void DecodeColorValues(u32* out, u8* data, const u32* modes, const u32 nPartitions,
+static void DecodeColorValues(u32* out, std::span<u8> data, const u32* modes, const u32 nPartitions,
                               const u32 nBitsForColorData) {
     // First figure out how many color values we have
     u32 nValues = 0;
@@ -898,7 +902,7 @@ static void DecodeColorValues(u32* out, u8* data, const u32* modes, const u32 nP
     // We now have enough to decode our integer sequence.
     IntegerEncodedVector decodedColorValues;
 
-    InputBitStream colorStream(data);
+    InputBitStream colorStream(data, 0);
     DecodeIntegerSequence(decodedColorValues, colorStream, range, nValues);
 
     // Once we have the decoded values, we need to dequantize them to the 0-255 range
@@ -1441,7 +1445,7 @@ static void ComputeEndpos32s(Pixel& ep1, Pixel& ep2, const u32*& colorValues,
 
 static void DecompressBlock(std::span<const u8, 16> inBuf, const u32 blockWidth,
                             const u32 blockHeight, std::span<u32, 12 * 12> outBuf) {
-    InputBitStream strm(inBuf.data());
+    InputBitStream strm(inBuf);
     TexelWeightParams weightParams = DecodeBlockInfo(strm);
 
     // Was there an error?
@@ -1619,15 +1623,16 @@ static void DecompressBlock(std::span<const u8, 16> inBuf, const u32 blockWidth,
 
     // Make sure that higher non-texel bits are set to zero
     const u32 clearByteStart = (weightParams.GetPackedBitSize() >> 3) + 1;
-    if (clearByteStart > 0) {
+    if (clearByteStart > 0 && clearByteStart <= texelWeightData.size()) {
         texelWeightData[clearByteStart - 1] &=
             static_cast<u8>((1 << (weightParams.GetPackedBitSize() % 8)) - 1);
+        std::memset(texelWeightData.data() + clearByteStart, 0,
+                    std::min(16U - clearByteStart, 16U));
     }
-    std::memset(texelWeightData.data() + clearByteStart, 0, std::min(16U - clearByteStart, 16U));
 
     IntegerEncodedVector texelWeightValues;
 
-    InputBitStream weightStream(texelWeightData.data());
+    InputBitStream weightStream(texelWeightData);
 
     DecodeIntegerSequence(texelWeightValues, weightStream, weightParams.m_MaxWeight,
                           weightParams.GetNumWeightValues());

src/video_core/textures/decoders.cpp

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void Swizzle(std::span<u8> output, std::span<const u8> input, u32 bytes_per_pixe
     // We can configure here a custom pitch
     // As it's not exposed 'width * bpp' will be the expected pitch.
     const u32 pitch = width * bytes_per_pixel;
-    const u32 stride = Common::AlignBits(width, stride_alignment) * bytes_per_pixel;
+    const u32 stride = Common::AlignUpLog2(width, stride_alignment) * bytes_per_pixel;
 
     const u32 gobs_in_x = Common::DivCeilLog2(stride, GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT);
     const u32 block_size = gobs_in_x << (GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block_height + block_depth);
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ void SwizzleKepler(const u32 width, const u32 height, const u32 dst_x, const u32
 std::size_t CalculateSize(bool tiled, u32 bytes_per_pixel, u32 width, u32 height, u32 depth,
                           u32 block_height, u32 block_depth) {
     if (tiled) {
-        const u32 aligned_width = Common::AlignBits(width * bytes_per_pixel, GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT);
-        const u32 aligned_height = Common::AlignBits(height, GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT + block_height);
-        const u32 aligned_depth = Common::AlignBits(depth, GOB_SIZE_Z_SHIFT + block_depth);
+        const u32 aligned_width = Common::AlignUpLog2(width * bytes_per_pixel, GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT);
+        const u32 aligned_height = Common::AlignUpLog2(height, GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT + block_height);
+        const u32 aligned_depth = Common::AlignUpLog2(depth, GOB_SIZE_Z_SHIFT + block_depth);
         return aligned_width * aligned_height * aligned_depth;
     } else {
         return width * height * depth * bytes_per_pixel;

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_debug_callback.h

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#pragma once
+
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Vulkan {

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.cpp

@@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ VkFormatFeatureFlags GetFormatFeatures(VkFormatProperties properties, FormatType
     });
 }
 
-std::unordered_map<VkFormat, VkFormatProperties> GetFormatProperties(
-    vk::PhysicalDevice physical, const vk::InstanceDispatch& dld) {
+std::unordered_map<VkFormat, VkFormatProperties> GetFormatProperties(vk::PhysicalDevice physical) {
     static constexpr std::array formats{
         VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32,
         VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UINT_PACK32,
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ std::unordered_map<VkFormat, VkFormatProperties> GetFormatProperties(
 Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR surface,
                const vk::InstanceDispatch& dld_)
     : instance{instance_}, dld{dld_}, physical{physical_}, properties{physical.GetProperties()},
-      format_properties{GetFormatProperties(physical, dld)} {
+      format_properties{GetFormatProperties(physical)} {
     CheckSuitability();
     SetupFamilies(surface);
     SetupFeatures();
@@ -221,6 +220,7 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
     VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 features2{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2,
         .pNext = nullptr,
+        .features{},
     };
     const void* first_next = &features2;
     void** next = &features2.pNext;
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
         .shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize = false,
         .shaderImageGatherExtended = true,
         .shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats = false,
-        .shaderStorageImageMultisample = true,
+        .shaderStorageImageMultisample = is_shader_storage_image_multisample,
         .shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat = is_formatless_image_load_supported,
         .shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat = true,
         .shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing = false,
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
 
     VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeaturesEXT host_query_reset{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_HOST_QUERY_RESET_FEATURES_EXT,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
         .hostQueryReset = true,
     };
     SetNext(next, host_query_reset);
@@ -803,6 +804,7 @@ void Device::SetupFamilies(VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
 void Device::SetupFeatures() {
     const auto supported_features{physical.GetFeatures()};
     is_formatless_image_load_supported = supported_features.shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat;
+    is_shader_storage_image_multisample = supported_features.shaderStorageImageMultisample;
     is_blit_depth_stencil_supported = TestDepthStencilBlits();
     is_optimal_astc_supported = IsOptimalAstcSupported(supported_features);
 }

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h

@@ -272,23 +272,24 @@ private:
     bool is_optimal_astc_supported{};       ///< Support for native ASTC.
     bool is_float16_supported{};            ///< Support for float16 arithmetics.
     bool is_warp_potentially_bigger{};      ///< Host warp size can be bigger than guest.
-    bool is_formatless_image_load_supported{}; ///< Support for shader image read without format.
-    bool is_blit_depth_stencil_supported{};    ///< Support for blitting from and to depth stencil.
-    bool nv_viewport_swizzle{};                ///< Support for VK_NV_viewport_swizzle.
-    bool khr_uniform_buffer_standard_layout{}; ///< Support for std430 on UBOs.
-    bool ext_index_type_uint8{};               ///< Support for VK_EXT_index_type_uint8.
-    bool ext_sampler_filter_minmax{};          ///< Support for VK_EXT_sampler_filter_minmax.
-    bool ext_depth_range_unrestricted{};       ///< Support for VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted.
-    bool ext_shader_viewport_index_layer{};    ///< Support for VK_EXT_shader_viewport_index_layer.
-    bool ext_tooling_info{};                   ///< Support for VK_EXT_tooling_info.
-    bool ext_transform_feedback{};             ///< Support for VK_EXT_transform_feedback.
-    bool ext_custom_border_color{};            ///< Support for VK_EXT_custom_border_color.
-    bool ext_extended_dynamic_state{};         ///< Support for VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state.
-    bool ext_robustness2{};                    ///< Support for VK_EXT_robustness2.
-    bool ext_shader_stencil_export{};          ///< Support for VK_EXT_shader_stencil_export.
-    bool nv_device_diagnostics_config{};       ///< Support for VK_NV_device_diagnostics_config.
-    bool has_renderdoc{};                      ///< Has RenderDoc attached
-    bool has_nsight_graphics{};                ///< Has Nsight Graphics attached
+    bool is_formatless_image_load_supported{};  ///< Support for shader image read without format.
+    bool is_shader_storage_image_multisample{}; ///< Support for image operations on MSAA images.
+    bool is_blit_depth_stencil_supported{};     ///< Support for blitting from and to depth stencil.
+    bool nv_viewport_swizzle{};                 ///< Support for VK_NV_viewport_swizzle.
+    bool khr_uniform_buffer_standard_layout{};  ///< Support for std430 on UBOs.
+    bool ext_index_type_uint8{};                ///< Support for VK_EXT_index_type_uint8.
+    bool ext_sampler_filter_minmax{};           ///< Support for VK_EXT_sampler_filter_minmax.
+    bool ext_depth_range_unrestricted{};        ///< Support for VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted.
+    bool ext_shader_viewport_index_layer{};     ///< Support for VK_EXT_shader_viewport_index_layer.
+    bool ext_tooling_info{};                    ///< Support for VK_EXT_tooling_info.
+    bool ext_transform_feedback{};              ///< Support for VK_EXT_transform_feedback.
+    bool ext_custom_border_color{};             ///< Support for VK_EXT_custom_border_color.
+    bool ext_extended_dynamic_state{};          ///< Support for VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state.
+    bool ext_robustness2{};                     ///< Support for VK_EXT_robustness2.
+    bool ext_shader_stencil_export{};           ///< Support for VK_EXT_shader_stencil_export.
+    bool nv_device_diagnostics_config{};        ///< Support for VK_NV_device_diagnostics_config.
+    bool has_renderdoc{};                       ///< Has RenderDoc attached
+    bool has_nsight_graphics{};                 ///< Has Nsight Graphics attached
 
     // Asynchronous Graphics Pipeline setting
     bool use_asynchronous_shaders{}; ///< Setting to use asynchronous shaders/graphics pipeline

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <bit>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+namespace {
+struct Range {
+    u64 begin;
+    u64 end;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool Contains(u64 iterator, u64 size) const noexcept {
+        return iterator < end && begin < iterator + size;
+    }
+};
+
+[[nodiscard]] u64 AllocationChunkSize(u64 required_size) {
+    static constexpr std::array sizes{
+        0x1000ULL << 10,  0x1400ULL << 10,  0x1800ULL << 10,  0x1c00ULL << 10, 0x2000ULL << 10,
+        0x3200ULL << 10,  0x4000ULL << 10,  0x6000ULL << 10,  0x8000ULL << 10, 0xA000ULL << 10,
+        0x10000ULL << 10, 0x18000ULL << 10, 0x20000ULL << 10,
+    };
+    static_assert(std::is_sorted(sizes.begin(), sizes.end()));
+
+    const auto it = std::ranges::lower_bound(sizes, required_size);
+    return it != sizes.end() ? *it : Common::AlignUp(required_size, 4ULL << 20);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] VkMemoryPropertyFlags MemoryUsagePropertyFlags(MemoryUsage usage) {
+    switch (usage) {
+    case MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal:
+        return VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+    case MemoryUsage::Upload:
+        return VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
+    case MemoryUsage::Download:
+        return VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT |
+               VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid memory usage={}", usage);
+    return VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
+}
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+class MemoryAllocation {
+public:
+    explicit MemoryAllocation(const Device& device_, vk::DeviceMemory memory_,
+                              VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, u64 allocation_size_, u32 type)
+        : device{device_}, memory{std::move(memory_)}, allocation_size{allocation_size_},
+          property_flags{properties}, shifted_memory_type{1U << type} {}
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<MemoryCommit> Commit(VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment) {
+        const std::optional<u64> alloc = FindFreeRegion(size, alignment);
+        if (!alloc) {
+            // Signal out of memory, it'll try to do more allocations.
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+        const Range range{
+            .begin = *alloc,
+            .end = *alloc + size,
+        };
+        commits.insert(std::ranges::upper_bound(commits, *alloc, {}, &Range::begin), range);
+        return std::make_optional<MemoryCommit>(this, *memory, *alloc, *alloc + size);
+    }
+
+    void Free(u64 begin) {
+        const auto it = std::ranges::find(commits, begin, &Range::begin);
+        ASSERT_MSG(it != commits.end(), "Invalid commit");
+        commits.erase(it);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<u8> Map() {
+        if (memory_mapped_span.empty()) {
+            u8* const raw_pointer = memory.Map(0, allocation_size);
+            memory_mapped_span = std::span<u8>(raw_pointer, allocation_size);
+        }
+        return memory_mapped_span;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether this allocation is compatible with the arguments.
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsCompatible(VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags, u32 type_mask) const {
+        return (flags & property_flags) && (type_mask & shifted_memory_type) != 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    [[nodiscard]] static constexpr u32 ShiftType(u32 type) {
+        return 1U << type;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<u64> FindFreeRegion(u64 size, u64 alignment) noexcept {
+        ASSERT(std::has_single_bit(alignment));
+        const u64 alignment_log2 = std::countr_zero(alignment);
+        std::optional<u64> candidate;
+        u64 iterator = 0;
+        auto commit = commits.begin();
+        while (iterator + size <= allocation_size) {
+            candidate = candidate.value_or(iterator);
+            if (commit == commits.end()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (commit->Contains(*candidate, size)) {
+                candidate = std::nullopt;
+            }
+            iterator = Common::AlignUpLog2(commit->end, alignment_log2);
+            ++commit;
+        }
+        return candidate;
+    }
+
+    const Device& device;                       ///< Vulkan device.
+    const vk::DeviceMemory memory;              ///< Vulkan memory allocation handler.
+    const u64 allocation_size;                  ///< Size of this allocation.
+    const VkMemoryPropertyFlags property_flags; ///< Vulkan memory property flags.
+    const u32 shifted_memory_type;              ///< Shifted Vulkan memory type.
+    std::vector<Range> commits;                 ///< All commit ranges done from this allocation.
+    std::span<u8> memory_mapped_span; ///< Memory mapped span. Empty if not queried before.
+};
+
+MemoryCommit::MemoryCommit(MemoryAllocation* allocation_, VkDeviceMemory memory_, u64 begin_,
+                           u64 end_) noexcept
+    : allocation{allocation_}, memory{memory_}, begin{begin_}, end{end_} {}
+
+MemoryCommit::~MemoryCommit() {
+    Release();
+}
+
+MemoryCommit& MemoryCommit::operator=(MemoryCommit&& rhs) noexcept {
+    Release();
+    allocation = std::exchange(rhs.allocation, nullptr);
+    memory = rhs.memory;
+    begin = rhs.begin;
+    end = rhs.end;
+    span = std::exchange(rhs.span, std::span<u8>{});
+    return *this;
+}
+
+MemoryCommit::MemoryCommit(MemoryCommit&& rhs) noexcept
+    : allocation{std::exchange(rhs.allocation, nullptr)}, memory{rhs.memory}, begin{rhs.begin},
+      end{rhs.end}, span{std::exchange(rhs.span, std::span<u8>{})} {}
+
+std::span<u8> MemoryCommit::Map() {
+    if (span.empty()) {
+        span = allocation->Map().subspan(begin, end - begin);
+    }
+    return span;
+}
+
+void MemoryCommit::Release() {
+    if (allocation) {
+        allocation->Free(begin);
+    }
+}
+
+MemoryAllocator::MemoryAllocator(const Device& device_)
+    : device{device_}, properties{device_.GetPhysical().GetMemoryProperties()} {}
+
+MemoryAllocator::~MemoryAllocator() = default;
+
+MemoryCommit MemoryAllocator::Commit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements, MemoryUsage usage) {
+    // Find the fastest memory flags we can afford with the current requirements
+    const VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags = MemoryPropertyFlags(requirements.memoryTypeBits, usage);
+    if (std::optional<MemoryCommit> commit = TryCommit(requirements, flags)) {
+        return std::move(*commit);
+    }
+    // Commit has failed, allocate more memory.
+    // TODO(Rodrigo): Handle out of memory situations in some way like flushing to guest memory.
+    AllocMemory(flags, requirements.memoryTypeBits, AllocationChunkSize(requirements.size));
+
+    // Commit again, this time it won't fail since there's a fresh allocation above.
+    // If it does, there's a bug.
+    return TryCommit(requirements, flags).value();
+}
+
+MemoryCommit MemoryAllocator::Commit(const vk::Buffer& buffer, MemoryUsage usage) {
+    auto commit = Commit(device.GetLogical().GetBufferMemoryRequirements(*buffer), usage);
+    buffer.BindMemory(commit.Memory(), commit.Offset());
+    return commit;
+}
+
+MemoryCommit MemoryAllocator::Commit(const vk::Image& image, MemoryUsage usage) {
+    auto commit = Commit(device.GetLogical().GetImageMemoryRequirements(*image), usage);
+    image.BindMemory(commit.Memory(), commit.Offset());
+    return commit;
+}
+
+void MemoryAllocator::AllocMemory(VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags, u32 type_mask, u64 size) {
+    const u32 type = FindType(flags, type_mask).value();
+    vk::DeviceMemory memory = device.GetLogical().AllocateMemory({
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .allocationSize = size,
+        .memoryTypeIndex = type,
+    });
+    allocations.push_back(
+        std::make_unique<MemoryAllocation>(device, std::move(memory), flags, size, type));
+}
+
+std::optional<MemoryCommit> MemoryAllocator::TryCommit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements,
+                                                       VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags) {
+    for (auto& allocation : allocations) {
+        if (!allocation->IsCompatible(flags, requirements.memoryTypeBits)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (auto commit = allocation->Commit(requirements.size, requirements.alignment)) {
+            return commit;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+VkMemoryPropertyFlags MemoryAllocator::MemoryPropertyFlags(u32 type_mask, MemoryUsage usage) const {
+    return MemoryPropertyFlags(type_mask, MemoryUsagePropertyFlags(usage));
+}
+
+VkMemoryPropertyFlags MemoryAllocator::MemoryPropertyFlags(u32 type_mask,
+                                                           VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags) const {
+    if (FindType(flags, type_mask)) {
+        // Found a memory type with those requirements
+        return flags;
+    }
+    if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT) {
+        // Remove host cached bit in case it's not supported
+        return MemoryPropertyFlags(type_mask, flags & ~VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT);
+    }
+    if (flags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) {
+        // Remove device local, if it's not supported by the requested resource
+        return MemoryPropertyFlags(type_mask, flags & ~VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("No compatible memory types found");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+std::optional<u32> MemoryAllocator::FindType(VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags, u32 type_mask) const {
+    for (u32 type_index = 0; type_index < properties.memoryTypeCount; ++type_index) {
+        const VkMemoryPropertyFlags type_flags = properties.memoryTypes[type_index].propertyFlags;
+        if ((type_mask & (1U << type_index)) && (type_flags & flags)) {
+            // The type matches in type and in the wanted properties.
+            return type_index;
+        }
+    }
+    // Failed to find index
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+bool IsHostVisible(MemoryUsage usage) noexcept {
+    switch (usage) {
+    case MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal:
+        return false;
+    case MemoryUsage::Upload:
+    case MemoryUsage::Download:
+        return true;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid memory usage={}", usage);
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <span>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+class Device;
+class MemoryMap;
+class MemoryAllocation;
+
+/// Hints and requirements for the backing memory type of a commit
+enum class MemoryUsage {
+    DeviceLocal, ///< Hints device local usages, fastest memory type to read and write from the GPU
+    Upload,      ///< Requires a host visible memory type optimized for CPU to GPU uploads
+    Download,    ///< Requires a host visible memory type optimized for GPU to CPU readbacks
+};
+
+/// Ownership handle of a memory commitment.
+/// Points to a subregion of a memory allocation.
+class MemoryCommit {
+public:
+    explicit MemoryCommit() noexcept = default;
+    explicit MemoryCommit(MemoryAllocation* allocation_, VkDeviceMemory memory_, u64 begin_,
+                          u64 end_) noexcept;
+    ~MemoryCommit();
+
+    MemoryCommit& operator=(MemoryCommit&&) noexcept;
+    MemoryCommit(MemoryCommit&&) noexcept;
+
+    MemoryCommit& operator=(const MemoryCommit&) = delete;
+    MemoryCommit(const MemoryCommit&) = delete;
+
+    /// Returns a host visible memory map.
+    /// It will map the backing allocation if it hasn't been mapped before.
+    std::span<u8> Map();
+
+    /// Returns the Vulkan memory handler.
+    VkDeviceMemory Memory() const {
+        return memory;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the start position of the commit relative to the allocation.
+    VkDeviceSize Offset() const {
+        return static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(begin);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void Release();
+
+    MemoryAllocation* allocation{}; ///< Pointer to the large memory allocation.
+    VkDeviceMemory memory{};        ///< Vulkan device memory handler.
+    u64 begin{};                    ///< Beginning offset in bytes to where the commit exists.
+    u64 end{};                      ///< Offset in bytes where the commit ends.
+    std::span<u8> span;             ///< Host visible memory span. Empty if not queried before.
+};
+
+/// Memory allocator container.
+/// Allocates and releases memory allocations on demand.
+class MemoryAllocator {
+public:
+    explicit MemoryAllocator(const Device& device_);
+    ~MemoryAllocator();
+
+    MemoryAllocator& operator=(const MemoryAllocator&) = delete;
+    MemoryAllocator(const MemoryAllocator&) = delete;
+
+    /**
+     * Commits a memory with the specified requirements.
+     *
+     * @param requirements Requirements returned from a Vulkan call.
+     * @param usage        Indicates how the memory will be used.
+     *
+     * @returns A memory commit.
+     */
+    MemoryCommit Commit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements, MemoryUsage usage);
+
+    /// Commits memory required by the buffer and binds it.
+    MemoryCommit Commit(const vk::Buffer& buffer, MemoryUsage usage);
+
+    /// Commits memory required by the image and binds it.
+    MemoryCommit Commit(const vk::Image& image, MemoryUsage usage);
+
+private:
+    /// Allocates a chunk of memory.
+    void AllocMemory(VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags, u32 type_mask, u64 size);
+
+    /// Tries to allocate a memory commit.
+    std::optional<MemoryCommit> TryCommit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements,
+                                          VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags);
+
+    /// Returns the fastest compatible memory property flags from a wanted usage.
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags MemoryPropertyFlags(u32 type_mask, MemoryUsage usage) const;
+
+    /// Returns the fastest compatible memory property flags from the wanted flags.
+    VkMemoryPropertyFlags MemoryPropertyFlags(u32 type_mask, VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags) const;
+
+    /// Returns index to the fastest memory type compatible with the passed requirements.
+    std::optional<u32> FindType(VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags, u32 type_mask) const;
+
+    const Device& device;                                       ///< Device handle.
+    const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties properties;          ///< Physical device properties.
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MemoryAllocation>> allocations; ///< Current allocations.
+};
+
+/// Returns true when a memory usage is guaranteed to be host visible.
+bool IsHostVisible(MemoryUsage usage) noexcept;
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h

@@ -144,152 +144,152 @@ inline VkResult Filter(VkResult result) {
 
 /// Table holding Vulkan instance function pointers.
 struct InstanceDispatch {
-    PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr vkGetInstanceProcAddr;
+    PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr vkGetInstanceProcAddr{};
 
-    PFN_vkCreateInstance vkCreateInstance;
-    PFN_vkDestroyInstance vkDestroyInstance;
-    PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties;
-    PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties;
+    PFN_vkCreateInstance vkCreateInstance{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyInstance vkDestroyInstance{};
+    PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties{};
+    PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties{};
 
-    PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT;
-    PFN_vkCreateDevice vkCreateDevice;
-    PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT;
-    PFN_vkDestroyDevice vkDestroyDevice;
-    PFN_vkDestroySurfaceKHR vkDestroySurfaceKHR;
-    PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties;
-    PFN_vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices;
-    PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr vkGetDeviceProcAddr;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR;
-    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR;
-    PFN_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR;
-    PFN_vkQueuePresentKHR vkQueuePresentKHR;
+    PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCreateDevice vkCreateDevice{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyDevice vkDestroyDevice{};
+    PFN_vkDestroySurfaceKHR vkDestroySurfaceKHR{};
+    PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties{};
+    PFN_vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices{};
+    PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr vkGetDeviceProcAddr{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR{};
+    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR{};
+    PFN_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR{};
+    PFN_vkQueuePresentKHR vkQueuePresentKHR{};
 };
 
 /// Table holding Vulkan device function pointers.
 struct DeviceDispatch : public InstanceDispatch {
-    PFN_vkAcquireNextImageKHR vkAcquireNextImageKHR;
-    PFN_vkAllocateCommandBuffers vkAllocateCommandBuffers;
-    PFN_vkAllocateDescriptorSets vkAllocateDescriptorSets;
-    PFN_vkAllocateMemory vkAllocateMemory;
-    PFN_vkBeginCommandBuffer vkBeginCommandBuffer;
-    PFN_vkBindBufferMemory vkBindBufferMemory;
-    PFN_vkBindImageMemory vkBindImageMemory;
-    PFN_vkCmdBeginQuery vkCmdBeginQuery;
-    PFN_vkCmdBeginRenderPass vkCmdBeginRenderPass;
-    PFN_vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdBindDescriptorSets vkCmdBindDescriptorSets;
-    PFN_vkCmdBindIndexBuffer vkCmdBindIndexBuffer;
-    PFN_vkCmdBindPipeline vkCmdBindPipeline;
-    PFN_vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdBindVertexBuffers vkCmdBindVertexBuffers;
-    PFN_vkCmdBlitImage vkCmdBlitImage;
-    PFN_vkCmdClearAttachments vkCmdClearAttachments;
-    PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer vkCmdCopyBuffer;
-    PFN_vkCmdCopyBufferToImage vkCmdCopyBufferToImage;
-    PFN_vkCmdCopyImage vkCmdCopyImage;
-    PFN_vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer;
-    PFN_vkCmdDispatch vkCmdDispatch;
-    PFN_vkCmdDraw vkCmdDraw;
-    PFN_vkCmdDrawIndexed vkCmdDrawIndexed;
-    PFN_vkCmdEndQuery vkCmdEndQuery;
-    PFN_vkCmdEndRenderPass vkCmdEndRenderPass;
-    PFN_vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdFillBuffer vkCmdFillBuffer;
-    PFN_vkCmdPipelineBarrier vkCmdPipelineBarrier;
-    PFN_vkCmdPushConstants vkCmdPushConstants;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetBlendConstants vkCmdSetBlendConstants;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthBias vkCmdSetDepthBias;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthBounds vkCmdSetDepthBounds;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetEvent vkCmdSetEvent;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetScissor vkCmdSetScissor;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilReference vkCmdSetStencilReference;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetViewport vkCmdSetViewport;
-    PFN_vkCmdWaitEvents vkCmdWaitEvents;
-    PFN_vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetCullModeEXT vkCmdSetCullModeEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnableEXT vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnableEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthCompareOpEXT vkCmdSetDepthCompareOpEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthTestEnableEXT vkCmdSetDepthTestEnableEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnableEXT vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnableEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetFrontFaceEXT vkCmdSetFrontFaceEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilOpEXT vkCmdSetStencilOpEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilTestEnableEXT vkCmdSetStencilTestEnableEXT;
-    PFN_vkCmdResolveImage vkCmdResolveImage;
-    PFN_vkCreateBuffer vkCreateBuffer;
-    PFN_vkCreateBufferView vkCreateBufferView;
-    PFN_vkCreateCommandPool vkCreateCommandPool;
-    PFN_vkCreateComputePipelines vkCreateComputePipelines;
-    PFN_vkCreateDescriptorPool vkCreateDescriptorPool;
-    PFN_vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout;
-    PFN_vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR;
-    PFN_vkCreateEvent vkCreateEvent;
-    PFN_vkCreateFence vkCreateFence;
-    PFN_vkCreateFramebuffer vkCreateFramebuffer;
-    PFN_vkCreateGraphicsPipelines vkCreateGraphicsPipelines;
-    PFN_vkCreateImage vkCreateImage;
-    PFN_vkCreateImageView vkCreateImageView;
-    PFN_vkCreatePipelineLayout vkCreatePipelineLayout;
-    PFN_vkCreateQueryPool vkCreateQueryPool;
-    PFN_vkCreateRenderPass vkCreateRenderPass;
-    PFN_vkCreateSampler vkCreateSampler;
-    PFN_vkCreateSemaphore vkCreateSemaphore;
-    PFN_vkCreateShaderModule vkCreateShaderModule;
-    PFN_vkCreateSwapchainKHR vkCreateSwapchainKHR;
-    PFN_vkDestroyBuffer vkDestroyBuffer;
-    PFN_vkDestroyBufferView vkDestroyBufferView;
-    PFN_vkDestroyCommandPool vkDestroyCommandPool;
-    PFN_vkDestroyDescriptorPool vkDestroyDescriptorPool;
-    PFN_vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout;
-    PFN_vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR;
-    PFN_vkDestroyEvent vkDestroyEvent;
-    PFN_vkDestroyFence vkDestroyFence;
-    PFN_vkDestroyFramebuffer vkDestroyFramebuffer;
-    PFN_vkDestroyImage vkDestroyImage;
-    PFN_vkDestroyImageView vkDestroyImageView;
-    PFN_vkDestroyPipeline vkDestroyPipeline;
-    PFN_vkDestroyPipelineLayout vkDestroyPipelineLayout;
-    PFN_vkDestroyQueryPool vkDestroyQueryPool;
-    PFN_vkDestroyRenderPass vkDestroyRenderPass;
-    PFN_vkDestroySampler vkDestroySampler;
-    PFN_vkDestroySemaphore vkDestroySemaphore;
-    PFN_vkDestroyShaderModule vkDestroyShaderModule;
-    PFN_vkDestroySwapchainKHR vkDestroySwapchainKHR;
-    PFN_vkDeviceWaitIdle vkDeviceWaitIdle;
-    PFN_vkEndCommandBuffer vkEndCommandBuffer;
-    PFN_vkFreeCommandBuffers vkFreeCommandBuffers;
-    PFN_vkFreeDescriptorSets vkFreeDescriptorSets;
-    PFN_vkFreeMemory vkFreeMemory;
-    PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements;
-    PFN_vkGetDeviceQueue vkGetDeviceQueue;
-    PFN_vkGetEventStatus vkGetEventStatus;
-    PFN_vkGetFenceStatus vkGetFenceStatus;
-    PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements vkGetImageMemoryRequirements;
-    PFN_vkGetQueryPoolResults vkGetQueryPoolResults;
-    PFN_vkGetSemaphoreCounterValueKHR vkGetSemaphoreCounterValueKHR;
-    PFN_vkMapMemory vkMapMemory;
-    PFN_vkQueueSubmit vkQueueSubmit;
-    PFN_vkResetFences vkResetFences;
-    PFN_vkResetQueryPoolEXT vkResetQueryPoolEXT;
-    PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT;
-    PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectTagEXT vkSetDebugUtilsObjectTagEXT;
-    PFN_vkUnmapMemory vkUnmapMemory;
-    PFN_vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplateKHR vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplateKHR;
-    PFN_vkUpdateDescriptorSets vkUpdateDescriptorSets;
-    PFN_vkWaitForFences vkWaitForFences;
-    PFN_vkWaitSemaphoresKHR vkWaitSemaphoresKHR;
+    PFN_vkAcquireNextImageKHR vkAcquireNextImageKHR{};
+    PFN_vkAllocateCommandBuffers vkAllocateCommandBuffers{};
+    PFN_vkAllocateDescriptorSets vkAllocateDescriptorSets{};
+    PFN_vkAllocateMemory vkAllocateMemory{};
+    PFN_vkBeginCommandBuffer vkBeginCommandBuffer{};
+    PFN_vkBindBufferMemory vkBindBufferMemory{};
+    PFN_vkBindImageMemory vkBindImageMemory{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBeginQuery vkCmdBeginQuery{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBeginRenderPass vkCmdBeginRenderPass{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBindDescriptorSets vkCmdBindDescriptorSets{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBindIndexBuffer vkCmdBindIndexBuffer{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBindPipeline vkCmdBindPipeline{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBindVertexBuffers vkCmdBindVertexBuffers{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBlitImage vkCmdBlitImage{};
+    PFN_vkCmdClearAttachments vkCmdClearAttachments{};
+    PFN_vkCmdCopyBuffer vkCmdCopyBuffer{};
+    PFN_vkCmdCopyBufferToImage vkCmdCopyBufferToImage{};
+    PFN_vkCmdCopyImage vkCmdCopyImage{};
+    PFN_vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer{};
+    PFN_vkCmdDispatch vkCmdDispatch{};
+    PFN_vkCmdDraw vkCmdDraw{};
+    PFN_vkCmdDrawIndexed vkCmdDrawIndexed{};
+    PFN_vkCmdEndQuery vkCmdEndQuery{};
+    PFN_vkCmdEndRenderPass vkCmdEndRenderPass{};
+    PFN_vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdFillBuffer vkCmdFillBuffer{};
+    PFN_vkCmdPipelineBarrier vkCmdPipelineBarrier{};
+    PFN_vkCmdPushConstants vkCmdPushConstants{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetBlendConstants vkCmdSetBlendConstants{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthBias vkCmdSetDepthBias{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthBounds vkCmdSetDepthBounds{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetEvent vkCmdSetEvent{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetScissor vkCmdSetScissor{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilReference vkCmdSetStencilReference{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetViewport vkCmdSetViewport{};
+    PFN_vkCmdWaitEvents vkCmdWaitEvents{};
+    PFN_vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetCullModeEXT vkCmdSetCullModeEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnableEXT vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnableEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthCompareOpEXT vkCmdSetDepthCompareOpEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthTestEnableEXT vkCmdSetDepthTestEnableEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnableEXT vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnableEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetFrontFaceEXT vkCmdSetFrontFaceEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilOpEXT vkCmdSetStencilOpEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdSetStencilTestEnableEXT vkCmdSetStencilTestEnableEXT{};
+    PFN_vkCmdResolveImage vkCmdResolveImage{};
+    PFN_vkCreateBuffer vkCreateBuffer{};
+    PFN_vkCreateBufferView vkCreateBufferView{};
+    PFN_vkCreateCommandPool vkCreateCommandPool{};
+    PFN_vkCreateComputePipelines vkCreateComputePipelines{};
+    PFN_vkCreateDescriptorPool vkCreateDescriptorPool{};
+    PFN_vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout{};
+    PFN_vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR{};
+    PFN_vkCreateEvent vkCreateEvent{};
+    PFN_vkCreateFence vkCreateFence{};
+    PFN_vkCreateFramebuffer vkCreateFramebuffer{};
+    PFN_vkCreateGraphicsPipelines vkCreateGraphicsPipelines{};
+    PFN_vkCreateImage vkCreateImage{};
+    PFN_vkCreateImageView vkCreateImageView{};
+    PFN_vkCreatePipelineLayout vkCreatePipelineLayout{};
+    PFN_vkCreateQueryPool vkCreateQueryPool{};
+    PFN_vkCreateRenderPass vkCreateRenderPass{};
+    PFN_vkCreateSampler vkCreateSampler{};
+    PFN_vkCreateSemaphore vkCreateSemaphore{};
+    PFN_vkCreateShaderModule vkCreateShaderModule{};
+    PFN_vkCreateSwapchainKHR vkCreateSwapchainKHR{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyBuffer vkDestroyBuffer{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyBufferView vkDestroyBufferView{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyCommandPool vkDestroyCommandPool{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyDescriptorPool vkDestroyDescriptorPool{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyEvent vkDestroyEvent{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyFence vkDestroyFence{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyFramebuffer vkDestroyFramebuffer{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyImage vkDestroyImage{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyImageView vkDestroyImageView{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyPipeline vkDestroyPipeline{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyPipelineLayout vkDestroyPipelineLayout{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyQueryPool vkDestroyQueryPool{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyRenderPass vkDestroyRenderPass{};
+    PFN_vkDestroySampler vkDestroySampler{};
+    PFN_vkDestroySemaphore vkDestroySemaphore{};
+    PFN_vkDestroyShaderModule vkDestroyShaderModule{};
+    PFN_vkDestroySwapchainKHR vkDestroySwapchainKHR{};
+    PFN_vkDeviceWaitIdle vkDeviceWaitIdle{};
+    PFN_vkEndCommandBuffer vkEndCommandBuffer{};
+    PFN_vkFreeCommandBuffers vkFreeCommandBuffers{};
+    PFN_vkFreeDescriptorSets vkFreeDescriptorSets{};
+    PFN_vkFreeMemory vkFreeMemory{};
+    PFN_vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements{};
+    PFN_vkGetDeviceQueue vkGetDeviceQueue{};
+    PFN_vkGetEventStatus vkGetEventStatus{};
+    PFN_vkGetFenceStatus vkGetFenceStatus{};
+    PFN_vkGetImageMemoryRequirements vkGetImageMemoryRequirements{};
+    PFN_vkGetQueryPoolResults vkGetQueryPoolResults{};
+    PFN_vkGetSemaphoreCounterValueKHR vkGetSemaphoreCounterValueKHR{};
+    PFN_vkMapMemory vkMapMemory{};
+    PFN_vkQueueSubmit vkQueueSubmit{};
+    PFN_vkResetFences vkResetFences{};
+    PFN_vkResetQueryPoolEXT vkResetQueryPoolEXT{};
+    PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT{};
+    PFN_vkSetDebugUtilsObjectTagEXT vkSetDebugUtilsObjectTagEXT{};
+    PFN_vkUnmapMemory vkUnmapMemory{};
+    PFN_vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplateKHR vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplateKHR{};
+    PFN_vkUpdateDescriptorSets vkUpdateDescriptorSets{};
+    PFN_vkWaitForFences vkWaitForFences{};
+    PFN_vkWaitSemaphoresKHR vkWaitSemaphoresKHR{};
 };
 
 /// Loads instance agnostic function pointers.

src/yuzu/applets/profile_select.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ QtProfileSelectionDialog::QtProfileSelectionDialog(QWidget* parent)
 
     const auto& profiles = profile_manager->GetAllUsers();
     for (const auto& user : profiles) {
-        Service::Account::ProfileBase profile;
+        Service::Account::ProfileBase profile{};
         if (!profile_manager->GetProfileBase(user, profile))
             continue;
 

src/yuzu/bootmanager.cpp

@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ GRenderWindow::GRenderWindow(GMainWindow* parent, EmuThread* emu_thread_,
                             QString::fromUtf8(Common::g_scm_branch),
                             QString::fromUtf8(Common::g_scm_desc)));
     setAttribute(Qt::WA_AcceptTouchEvents);
-    auto layout = new QHBoxLayout(this);
-    layout->setMargin(0);
+    auto* layout = new QHBoxLayout(this);
+    layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
     setLayout(layout);
     input_subsystem->Initialize();
 
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ void GRenderWindow::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
     input_subsystem->GetMouse()->PressButton(x, y, event->button());
 
     if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
-        this->TouchPressed(x, y);
+        this->TouchPressed(x, y, 0);
     }
 
     emit MouseActivity();
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ void GRenderWindow::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
     auto pos = event->pos();
     const auto [x, y] = ScaleTouch(pos);
     input_subsystem->GetMouse()->MouseMove(x, y);
-    this->TouchMoved(x, y);
+    this->TouchMoved(x, y, 0);
 
     emit MouseActivity();
 }
@@ -423,36 +423,72 @@ void GRenderWindow::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
     input_subsystem->GetMouse()->ReleaseButton(event->button());
 
     if (event->button() == Qt::LeftButton) {
-        this->TouchReleased();
+        this->TouchReleased(0);
     }
 }
 
 void GRenderWindow::TouchBeginEvent(const QTouchEvent* event) {
-    // TouchBegin always has exactly one touch point, so take the .first()
-    const auto [x, y] = ScaleTouch(event->touchPoints().first().pos());
-    this->TouchPressed(x, y);
+    QList<QTouchEvent::TouchPoint> touch_points = event->touchPoints();
+    for (const auto& touch_point : touch_points) {
+        if (!TouchUpdate(touch_point)) {
+            TouchStart(touch_point);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void GRenderWindow::TouchUpdateEvent(const QTouchEvent* event) {
-    QPointF pos;
-    int active_points = 0;
-
-    // average all active touch points
-    for (const auto& tp : event->touchPoints()) {
-        if (tp.state() & (Qt::TouchPointPressed | Qt::TouchPointMoved | Qt::TouchPointStationary)) {
-            active_points++;
-            pos += tp.pos();
+    QList<QTouchEvent::TouchPoint> touch_points = event->touchPoints();
+    for (const auto& touch_point : touch_points) {
+        if (!TouchUpdate(touch_point)) {
+            TouchStart(touch_point);
+        }
+    }
+    // Release all inactive points
+    for (std::size_t id = 0; id < touch_ids.size(); ++id) {
+        if (!TouchExist(touch_ids[id], touch_points)) {
+            touch_ids[id] = 0;
+            this->TouchReleased(id + 1);
         }
     }
-
-    pos /= active_points;
-
-    const auto [x, y] = ScaleTouch(pos);
-    this->TouchMoved(x, y);
 }
 
 void GRenderWindow::TouchEndEvent() {
-    this->TouchReleased();
+    for (std::size_t id = 0; id < touch_ids.size(); ++id) {
+        if (touch_ids[id] != 0) {
+            touch_ids[id] = 0;
+            this->TouchReleased(id + 1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool GRenderWindow::TouchStart(const QTouchEvent::TouchPoint& touch_point) {
+    for (std::size_t id = 0; id < touch_ids.size(); ++id) {
+        if (touch_ids[id] == 0) {
+            touch_ids[id] = touch_point.id() + 1;
+            const auto [x, y] = ScaleTouch(touch_point.pos());
+            this->TouchPressed(x, y, id + 1);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool GRenderWindow::TouchUpdate(const QTouchEvent::TouchPoint& touch_point) {
+    for (std::size_t id = 0; id < touch_ids.size(); ++id) {
+        if (touch_ids[id] == static_cast<std::size_t>(touch_point.id() + 1)) {
+            const auto [x, y] = ScaleTouch(touch_point.pos());
+            this->TouchMoved(x, y, id + 1);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool GRenderWindow::TouchExist(std::size_t id,
+                               const QList<QTouchEvent::TouchPoint>& touch_points) const {
+    return std::any_of(touch_points.begin(), touch_points.end(), [id](const auto& point) {
+        return id == static_cast<std::size_t>(point.id() + 1);
+    });
 }
 
 bool GRenderWindow::event(QEvent* event) {

src/yuzu/bootmanager.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include <QImage>
 #include <QThread>
+#include <QTouchEvent>
 #include <QWidget>
 #include <QWindow>
 
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@
 class GRenderWindow;
 class GMainWindow;
 class QKeyEvent;
-class QTouchEvent;
 class QStringList;
 
 namespace InputCommon {
@@ -191,6 +191,10 @@ private:
     void TouchUpdateEvent(const QTouchEvent* event);
     void TouchEndEvent();
 
+    bool TouchStart(const QTouchEvent::TouchPoint& touch_point);
+    bool TouchUpdate(const QTouchEvent::TouchPoint& touch_point);
+    bool TouchExist(std::size_t id, const QList<QTouchEvent::TouchPoint>& touch_points) const;
+
     void OnMinimalClientAreaChangeRequest(std::pair<u32, u32> minimal_size) override;
 
     bool InitializeOpenGL();
@@ -215,6 +219,8 @@ private:
 
     bool first_frame = false;
 
+    std::array<std::size_t, 16> touch_ids{};
+
 protected:
     void showEvent(QShowEvent* event) override;
     bool eventFilter(QObject* object, QEvent* event) override;

src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp

@@ -464,13 +464,7 @@ void Config::ReadMouseValues() {
 void Config::ReadTouchscreenValues() {
     Settings::values.touchscreen.enabled =
         ReadSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_enabled"), true).toBool();
-    Settings::values.touchscreen.device =
-        ReadSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_device"), QStringLiteral("engine:emu_window"))
-            .toString()
-            .toStdString();
 
-    Settings::values.touchscreen.finger =
-        ReadSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_finger"), 0).toUInt();
     Settings::values.touchscreen.rotation_angle =
         ReadSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_angle"), 0).toUInt();
     Settings::values.touchscreen.diameter_x =
@@ -563,7 +557,8 @@ void Config::ReadMotionTouchValues() {
             .toString()
             .toStdString();
     Settings::values.touch_device =
-        ReadSetting(QStringLiteral("touch_device"), QStringLiteral("engine:emu_window"))
+        ReadSetting(QStringLiteral("touch_device"),
+                    QStringLiteral("min_x:100,min_y:50,max_x:1800,max_y:850"))
             .toString()
             .toStdString();
     Settings::values.use_touch_from_button =
@@ -1005,7 +1000,8 @@ void Config::SavePlayerValue(std::size_t player_index) {
                  static_cast<u8>(Settings::ControllerType::ProController));
 
     if (!player_prefix.isEmpty()) {
-        WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("%1connected").arg(player_prefix), player.connected, false);
+        WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("%1connected").arg(player_prefix), player.connected,
+                     player_index == 0);
         WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("%1vibration_enabled").arg(player_prefix),
                      player.vibration_enabled, true);
         WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("%1vibration_strength").arg(player_prefix),
@@ -1087,10 +1083,7 @@ void Config::SaveTouchscreenValues() {
     const auto& touchscreen = Settings::values.touchscreen;
 
     WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_enabled"), touchscreen.enabled, true);
-    WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_device"), QString::fromStdString(touchscreen.device),
-                 QStringLiteral("engine:emu_window"));
 
-    WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_finger"), touchscreen.finger, 0);
     WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_angle"), touchscreen.rotation_angle, 0);
     WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_diameter_x"), touchscreen.diameter_x, 15);
     WriteSetting(QStringLiteral("touchscreen_diameter_y"), touchscreen.diameter_y, 15);

src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.cpp

@@ -117,31 +117,13 @@ void ConfigureDialog::UpdateVisibleTabs() {
         return;
     }
 
-    const std::map<QWidget*, QString> widgets = {
-        {ui->generalTab, tr("General")},
-        {ui->systemTab, tr("System")},
-        {ui->profileManagerTab, tr("Profiles")},
-        {ui->inputTab, tr("Controls")},
-        {ui->hotkeysTab, tr("Hotkeys")},
-        {ui->cpuTab, tr("CPU")},
-        {ui->cpuDebugTab, tr("Debug")},
-        {ui->graphicsTab, tr("Graphics")},
-        {ui->graphicsAdvancedTab, tr("Advanced")},
-        {ui->audioTab, tr("Audio")},
-        {ui->debugTab, tr("Debug")},
-        {ui->webTab, tr("Web")},
-        {ui->uiTab, tr("UI")},
-        {ui->filesystemTab, tr("Filesystem")},
-        {ui->serviceTab, tr("Services")},
-    };
-
     [[maybe_unused]] const QSignalBlocker blocker(ui->tabWidget);
 
     ui->tabWidget->clear();
 
-    const QList<QWidget*> tabs = qvariant_cast<QList<QWidget*>>(items[0]->data(Qt::UserRole));
+    const auto tabs = qvariant_cast<QList<QWidget*>>(items[0]->data(Qt::UserRole));
 
-    for (const auto tab : tabs) {
+    for (auto* const tab : tabs) {
         ui->tabWidget->addTab(tab, tab->accessibleName());
     }
 }