cleanup unneeded comments and newlines

Co-Authored-By: Rodrigo Locatti <reinuseslisp@airmail.cc>

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
     }
 
     ResultStatus Init(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(HW_Memory, "initialized OK");
+        LOG_DEBUG(Core, "initialized OK");
 
         device_memory = std::make_unique<Core::DeviceMemory>();
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
         service_manager = std::make_shared<Service::SM::ServiceManager>(kernel);
 
-        Service::Init(service_manager, system);
+        services = std::make_unique<Service::Services>(service_manager, system);
         GDBStub::DeferStart();
 
         interrupt_manager = std::make_unique<Core::Hardware::InterruptManager>(system);
@@ -208,9 +208,11 @@ struct System::Impl {
         return ResultStatus::Success;
     }
 
-    ResultStatus Load(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
-                      const std::string& filepath) {
-        app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath));
+    ResultStatus Load(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath,
+                      std::size_t program_index) {
+        app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath),
+                                       program_index);
+
         if (!app_loader) {
             LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to obtain loader for {}!", filepath);
             return ResultStatus::ErrorGetLoader;
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
         // Shutdown emulation session
         GDBStub::Shutdown();
-        Service::Shutdown();
+        services.reset();
         service_manager.reset();
         cheat_engine.reset();
         telemetry_session.reset();
@@ -306,8 +308,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
         cpu_manager.Shutdown();
 
         // Shutdown kernel and core timing
-        kernel.Shutdown();
         core_timing.Shutdown();
+        kernel.Shutdown();
 
         // Close app loader
         app_loader.reset();
@@ -398,6 +400,9 @@ struct System::Impl {
     /// Service manager
     std::shared_ptr<Service::SM::ServiceManager> service_manager;
 
+    /// Services
+    std::unique_ptr<Service::Services> services;
+
     /// Telemetry session for this emulation session
     std::unique_ptr<Core::TelemetrySession> telemetry_session;
 
@@ -413,6 +418,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
     bool is_multicore{};
     bool is_async_gpu{};
 
+    ExecuteProgramCallback execute_program_callback;
+
     std::array<u64, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> dynarmic_ticks{};
     std::array<MicroProfileToken, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> microprofile_dynarmic{};
 };
@@ -444,8 +451,13 @@ void System::InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches() {
     impl->kernel.InvalidateAllInstructionCaches();
 }
 
-System::ResultStatus System::Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath) {
-    return impl->Load(*this, emu_window, filepath);
+void System::Shutdown() {
+    impl->Shutdown();
+}
+
+System::ResultStatus System::Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath,
+                                  std::size_t program_index) {
+    return impl->Load(*this, emu_window, filepath, program_index);
 }
 
 bool System::IsPoweredOn() const {
@@ -632,7 +644,11 @@ const std::string& System::GetStatusDetails() const {
     return impl->status_details;
 }
 
-Loader::AppLoader& System::GetAppLoader() const {
+Loader::AppLoader& System::GetAppLoader() {
+    return *impl->app_loader;
+}
+
+const Loader::AppLoader& System::GetAppLoader() const {
     return *impl->app_loader;
 }
 
@@ -748,14 +764,6 @@ const System::CurrentBuildProcessID& System::GetCurrentProcessBuildID() const {
     return impl->build_id;
 }
 
-System::ResultStatus System::Init(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window) {
-    return impl->Init(*this, emu_window);
-}
-
-void System::Shutdown() {
-    impl->Shutdown();
-}
-
 Service::SM::ServiceManager& System::ServiceManager() {
     return *impl->service_manager;
 }
@@ -786,4 +794,16 @@ bool System::IsMulticore() const {
     return impl->is_multicore;
 }
 
+void System::RegisterExecuteProgramCallback(ExecuteProgramCallback&& callback) {
+    impl->execute_program_callback = std::move(callback);
+}
+
+void System::ExecuteProgram(std::size_t program_index) {
+    if (impl->execute_program_callback) {
+        impl->execute_program_callback(program_index);
+    } else {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "execute_program_callback must be initialized by the frontend");
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace Core

src/core/core.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
@@ -144,19 +145,19 @@ public:
      * Run the OS and Application
      * This function will start emulation and run the relevant devices
      */
-    ResultStatus Run();
+    [[nodiscard]] ResultStatus Run();
 
     /**
      * Pause the OS and Application
      * This function will pause emulation and stop the relevant devices
      */
-    ResultStatus Pause();
+    [[nodiscard]] ResultStatus Pause();
 
     /**
      * Step the CPU one instruction
      * @return Result status, indicating whether or not the operation succeeded.
      */
-    ResultStatus SingleStep();
+    [[nodiscard]] ResultStatus SingleStep();
 
     /**
      * Invalidate the CPU instruction caches
@@ -173,22 +174,24 @@ public:
      * @param emu_window Reference to the host-system window used for video output and keyboard
      *                   input.
      * @param filepath String path to the executable application to load on the host file system.
+     * @param program_index Specifies the index within the container of the program to launch.
      * @returns ResultStatus code, indicating if the operation succeeded.
      */
-    ResultStatus Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath);
+    [[nodiscard]] ResultStatus Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath,
+                                    std::size_t program_index = 0);
 
     /**
      * Indicates if the emulated system is powered on (all subsystems initialized and able to run an
      * application).
      * @returns True if the emulated system is powered on, otherwise false.
      */
-    bool IsPoweredOn() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsPoweredOn() const;
 
     /// Gets a reference to the telemetry session for this emulation session.
-    Core::TelemetrySession& TelemetrySession();
+    [[nodiscard]] Core::TelemetrySession& TelemetrySession();
 
     /// Gets a reference to the telemetry session for this emulation session.
-    const Core::TelemetrySession& TelemetrySession() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Core::TelemetrySession& TelemetrySession() const;
 
     /// Prepare the core emulation for a reschedule
     void PrepareReschedule();
@@ -197,185 +200,178 @@ public:
     void PrepareReschedule(u32 core_index);
 
     /// Gets and resets core performance statistics
-    PerfStatsResults GetAndResetPerfStats();
+    [[nodiscard]] PerfStatsResults GetAndResetPerfStats();
 
     /// Gets an ARM interface to the CPU core that is currently running
-    ARM_Interface& CurrentArmInterface();
+    [[nodiscard]] ARM_Interface& CurrentArmInterface();
 
     /// Gets an ARM interface to the CPU core that is currently running
-    const ARM_Interface& CurrentArmInterface() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const ARM_Interface& CurrentArmInterface() const;
 
     /// Gets the index of the currently running CPU core
-    std::size_t CurrentCoreIndex() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t CurrentCoreIndex() const;
 
     /// Gets the scheduler for the CPU core that is currently running
-    Kernel::Scheduler& CurrentScheduler();
+    [[nodiscard]] Kernel::Scheduler& CurrentScheduler();
 
     /// Gets the scheduler for the CPU core that is currently running
-    const Kernel::Scheduler& CurrentScheduler() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Kernel::Scheduler& CurrentScheduler() const;
 
     /// Gets the physical core for the CPU core that is currently running
-    Kernel::PhysicalCore& CurrentPhysicalCore();
+    [[nodiscard]] Kernel::PhysicalCore& CurrentPhysicalCore();
 
     /// Gets the physical core for the CPU core that is currently running
-    const Kernel::PhysicalCore& CurrentPhysicalCore() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Kernel::PhysicalCore& CurrentPhysicalCore() const;
 
     /// Gets a reference to an ARM interface for the CPU core with the specified index
-    ARM_Interface& ArmInterface(std::size_t core_index);
+    [[nodiscard]] ARM_Interface& ArmInterface(std::size_t core_index);
 
     /// Gets a const reference to an ARM interface from the CPU core with the specified index
-    const ARM_Interface& ArmInterface(std::size_t core_index) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const ARM_Interface& ArmInterface(std::size_t core_index) const;
 
-    CpuManager& GetCpuManager();
+    /// Gets a reference to the underlying CPU manager.
+    [[nodiscard]] CpuManager& GetCpuManager();
 
-    const CpuManager& GetCpuManager() const;
+    /// Gets a const reference to the underlying CPU manager
+    [[nodiscard]] const CpuManager& GetCpuManager() const;
 
     /// Gets a reference to the exclusive monitor
-    ExclusiveMonitor& Monitor();
+    [[nodiscard]] ExclusiveMonitor& Monitor();
 
     /// Gets a constant reference to the exclusive monitor
-    const ExclusiveMonitor& Monitor() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const ExclusiveMonitor& Monitor() const;
 
     /// Gets a mutable reference to the system memory instance.
-    Core::Memory::Memory& Memory();
+    [[nodiscard]] Core::Memory::Memory& Memory();
 
     /// Gets a constant reference to the system memory instance.
-    const Core::Memory::Memory& Memory() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Core::Memory::Memory& Memory() const;
 
     /// Gets a mutable reference to the GPU interface
-    Tegra::GPU& GPU();
+    [[nodiscard]] Tegra::GPU& GPU();
 
     /// Gets an immutable reference to the GPU interface.
-    const Tegra::GPU& GPU() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Tegra::GPU& GPU() const;
 
     /// Gets a mutable reference to the renderer.
-    VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer();
+    [[nodiscard]] VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer();
 
     /// Gets an immutable reference to the renderer.
-    const VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() const;
 
     /// Gets the scheduler for the CPU core with the specified index
-    Kernel::Scheduler& Scheduler(std::size_t core_index);
+    [[nodiscard]] Kernel::Scheduler& Scheduler(std::size_t core_index);
 
     /// Gets the scheduler for the CPU core with the specified index
-    const Kernel::Scheduler& Scheduler(std::size_t core_index) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Kernel::Scheduler& Scheduler(std::size_t core_index) const;
 
     /// Gets the global scheduler
-    Kernel::GlobalScheduler& GlobalScheduler();
+    [[nodiscard]] Kernel::GlobalScheduler& GlobalScheduler();
 
     /// Gets the global scheduler
-    const Kernel::GlobalScheduler& GlobalScheduler() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Kernel::GlobalScheduler& GlobalScheduler() const;
 
     /// Gets the manager for the guest device memory
-    Core::DeviceMemory& DeviceMemory();
+    [[nodiscard]] Core::DeviceMemory& DeviceMemory();
 
     /// Gets the manager for the guest device memory
-    const Core::DeviceMemory& DeviceMemory() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Core::DeviceMemory& DeviceMemory() const;
 
     /// Provides a pointer to the current process
-    Kernel::Process* CurrentProcess();
+    [[nodiscard]] Kernel::Process* CurrentProcess();
 
     /// Provides a constant pointer to the current process.
-    const Kernel::Process* CurrentProcess() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Kernel::Process* CurrentProcess() const;
 
     /// Provides a reference to the core timing instance.
-    Timing::CoreTiming& CoreTiming();
+    [[nodiscard]] Timing::CoreTiming& CoreTiming();
 
     /// Provides a constant reference to the core timing instance.
-    const Timing::CoreTiming& CoreTiming() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Timing::CoreTiming& CoreTiming() const;
 
     /// Provides a reference to the interrupt manager instance.
-    Core::Hardware::InterruptManager& InterruptManager();
+    [[nodiscard]] Core::Hardware::InterruptManager& InterruptManager();
 
     /// Provides a constant reference to the interrupt manager instance.
-    const Core::Hardware::InterruptManager& InterruptManager() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Core::Hardware::InterruptManager& InterruptManager() const;
 
     /// Provides a reference to the kernel instance.
-    Kernel::KernelCore& Kernel();
+    [[nodiscard]] Kernel::KernelCore& Kernel();
 
     /// Provides a constant reference to the kernel instance.
-    const Kernel::KernelCore& Kernel() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Kernel::KernelCore& Kernel() const;
 
     /// Provides a reference to the internal PerfStats instance.
-    Core::PerfStats& GetPerfStats();
+    [[nodiscard]] Core::PerfStats& GetPerfStats();
 
     /// Provides a constant reference to the internal PerfStats instance.
-    const Core::PerfStats& GetPerfStats() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Core::PerfStats& GetPerfStats() const;
 
     /// Provides a reference to the frame limiter;
-    Core::FrameLimiter& FrameLimiter();
+    [[nodiscard]] Core::FrameLimiter& FrameLimiter();
 
     /// Provides a constant referent to the frame limiter
-    const Core::FrameLimiter& FrameLimiter() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Core::FrameLimiter& FrameLimiter() const;
 
     /// Gets the name of the current game
-    Loader::ResultStatus GetGameName(std::string& out) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] Loader::ResultStatus GetGameName(std::string& out) const;
 
     void SetStatus(ResultStatus new_status, const char* details);
 
-    const std::string& GetStatusDetails() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const std::string& GetStatusDetails() const;
 
-    Loader::AppLoader& GetAppLoader() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] Loader::AppLoader& GetAppLoader();
+    [[nodiscard]] const Loader::AppLoader& GetAppLoader() const;
 
-    Service::SM::ServiceManager& ServiceManager();
-    const Service::SM::ServiceManager& ServiceManager() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] Service::SM::ServiceManager& ServiceManager();
+    [[nodiscard]] const Service::SM::ServiceManager& ServiceManager() const;
 
     void SetFilesystem(FileSys::VirtualFilesystem vfs);
 
-    FileSys::VirtualFilesystem GetFilesystem() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] FileSys::VirtualFilesystem GetFilesystem() const;
 
     void RegisterCheatList(const std::vector<Memory::CheatEntry>& list,
                            const std::array<u8, 0x20>& build_id, VAddr main_region_begin,
                            u64 main_region_size);
 
     void SetAppletFrontendSet(Service::AM::Applets::AppletFrontendSet&& set);
-
     void SetDefaultAppletFrontendSet();
 
-    Service::AM::Applets::AppletManager& GetAppletManager();
-
-    const Service::AM::Applets::AppletManager& GetAppletManager() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] Service::AM::Applets::AppletManager& GetAppletManager();
+    [[nodiscard]] const Service::AM::Applets::AppletManager& GetAppletManager() const;
 
     void SetContentProvider(std::unique_ptr<FileSys::ContentProviderUnion> provider);
 
-    FileSys::ContentProvider& GetContentProvider();
+    [[nodiscard]] FileSys::ContentProvider& GetContentProvider();
+    [[nodiscard]] const FileSys::ContentProvider& GetContentProvider() const;
 
-    const FileSys::ContentProvider& GetContentProvider() const;
-
-    Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& GetFileSystemController();
-
-    const Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& GetFileSystemController() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& GetFileSystemController();
+    [[nodiscard]] const Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& GetFileSystemController() const;
 
     void RegisterContentProvider(FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot slot,
                                  FileSys::ContentProvider* provider);
 
     void ClearContentProvider(FileSys::ContentProviderUnionSlot slot);
 
-    const Reporter& GetReporter() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const Reporter& GetReporter() const;
 
-    Service::Glue::ARPManager& GetARPManager();
+    [[nodiscard]] Service::Glue::ARPManager& GetARPManager();
+    [[nodiscard]] const Service::Glue::ARPManager& GetARPManager() const;
 
-    const Service::Glue::ARPManager& GetARPManager() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] Service::APM::Controller& GetAPMController();
+    [[nodiscard]] const Service::APM::Controller& GetAPMController() const;
 
-    Service::APM::Controller& GetAPMController();
+    [[nodiscard]] Service::LM::Manager& GetLogManager();
+    [[nodiscard]] const Service::LM::Manager& GetLogManager() const;
 
-    const Service::APM::Controller& GetAPMController() const;
-
-    Service::LM::Manager& GetLogManager();
-
-    const Service::LM::Manager& GetLogManager() const;
-
-    Service::Time::TimeManager& GetTimeManager();
-
-    const Service::Time::TimeManager& GetTimeManager() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] Service::Time::TimeManager& GetTimeManager();
+    [[nodiscard]] const Service::Time::TimeManager& GetTimeManager() const;
 
     void SetExitLock(bool locked);
-
-    bool GetExitLock() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool GetExitLock() const;
 
     void SetCurrentProcessBuildID(const CurrentBuildProcessID& id);
-
-    const CurrentBuildProcessID& GetCurrentProcessBuildID() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] const CurrentBuildProcessID& GetCurrentProcessBuildID() const;
 
     /// Register a host thread as an emulated CPU Core.
     void RegisterCoreThread(std::size_t id);
@@ -390,19 +386,28 @@ public:
     void ExitDynarmicProfile();
 
     /// Tells if system is running on multicore.
-    bool IsMulticore() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsMulticore() const;
+
+    /// Type used for the frontend to designate a callback for System to re-launch the application
+    /// using a specified program index.
+    using ExecuteProgramCallback = std::function<void(std::size_t)>;
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a callback from the frontend for System to re-launch the application using a
+     * specified program index.
+     * @param callback Callback from the frontend to relaunch the application.
+     */
+    void RegisterExecuteProgramCallback(ExecuteProgramCallback&& callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Instructs the frontend to re-launch the application using the specified program_index.
+     * @param program_index Specifies the index within the application of the program to launch.
+     */
+    void ExecuteProgram(std::size_t program_index);
 
 private:
     System();
 
-    /**
-     * Initialize the emulated system.
-     * @param emu_window Reference to the host-system window used for video output and keyboard
-     *                   input.
-     * @return ResultStatus code, indicating if the operation succeeded.
-     */
-    ResultStatus Init(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window);
-
     struct Impl;
     std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl;
 

src/core/file_sys/card_image.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ constexpr std::array partition_names{
     "logo",
 };
 
-XCI::XCI(VirtualFile file_)
+XCI::XCI(VirtualFile file_, std::size_t program_index)
     : file(std::move(file_)), program_nca_status{Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorXCIMissingProgramNCA},
       partitions(partition_names.size()),
       partitions_raw(partition_names.size()), keys{Core::Crypto::KeyManager::Instance()} {
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ XCI::XCI(VirtualFile file_)
     }
 
     secure_partition = std::make_shared<NSP>(
-        main_hfs.GetFile(partition_names[static_cast<std::size_t>(XCIPartition::Secure)]));
+        main_hfs.GetFile(partition_names[static_cast<std::size_t>(XCIPartition::Secure)]),
+        program_index);
 
     ncas = secure_partition->GetNCAsCollapsed();
     program =

src/core/file_sys/card_image.h

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ enum class XCIPartition : u8 { Update, Normal, Secure, Logo };
 
 class XCI : public ReadOnlyVfsDirectory {
 public:
-    explicit XCI(VirtualFile file);
+    explicit XCI(VirtualFile file, std::size_t program_index = 0);
     ~XCI() override;
 
     Loader::ResultStatus GetStatus() const;

src/core/file_sys/submission_package.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
-NSP::NSP(VirtualFile file_)
-    : file(std::move(file_)), status{Loader::ResultStatus::Success},
+NSP::NSP(VirtualFile file_, std::size_t program_index)
+    : file(std::move(file_)), program_index(program_index), status{Loader::ResultStatus::Success},
       pfs(std::make_shared<PartitionFilesystem>(file)), keys{Core::Crypto::KeyManager::Instance()} {
     if (pfs->GetStatus() != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
         status = pfs->GetStatus();
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<NCA> NSP::GetNCA(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type, TitleType
     if (extracted)
         LOG_WARNING(Service_FS, "called on an NSP that is of type extracted.");
 
-    const auto title_id_iter = ncas.find(title_id);
+    const auto title_id_iter = ncas.find(title_id + program_index);
     if (title_id_iter == ncas.end())
         return nullptr;
 

src/core/file_sys/submission_package.h

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ enum class ContentRecordType : u8;
 
 class NSP : public ReadOnlyVfsDirectory {
 public:
-    explicit NSP(VirtualFile file);
+    explicit NSP(VirtualFile file, std::size_t program_index = 0);
     ~NSP() override;
 
     Loader::ResultStatus GetStatus() const;
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ private:
 
     VirtualFile file;
 
+    const std::size_t program_index;
+
     bool extracted = false;
     Loader::ResultStatus status;
     std::map<u64, Loader::ResultStatus> program_status;

src/core/frontend/input.h

@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ public:
     virtual StatusType GetStatus() const {
         return {};
     }
-    virtual bool GetAnalogDirectionStatus(AnalogDirection direction) const {
+    virtual bool GetAnalogDirectionStatus([[maybe_unused]] AnalogDirection direction) const {
         return {};
     }
-    virtual bool SetRumblePlay(f32 amp_low, f32 freq_low, f32 amp_high, f32 freq_high) const {
+    virtual bool SetRumblePlay([[maybe_unused]] f32 amp_low, [[maybe_unused]] f32 freq_low,
+                               [[maybe_unused]] f32 amp_high,
+                               [[maybe_unused]] f32 freq_high) const {
         return {};
     }
 };

src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp

@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ static void Break32(Core::System& system, u32 reason, u32 info1, u32 info2) {
 }
 
 /// Used to output a message on a debug hardware unit - does nothing on a retail unit
-static void OutputDebugString([[maybe_unused]] Core::System& system, VAddr address, u64 len) {
+static void OutputDebugString(Core::System& system, VAddr address, u64 len) {
     if (len == 0) {
         return;
     }

src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp

@@ -246,9 +246,8 @@ IDebugFunctions::IDebugFunctions() : ServiceFramework{"IDebugFunctions"} {
 
 IDebugFunctions::~IDebugFunctions() = default;
 
-ISelfController::ISelfController(Core::System& system,
-                                 std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger)
-    : ServiceFramework("ISelfController"), system(system), nvflinger(std::move(nvflinger)) {
+ISelfController::ISelfController(Core::System& system, NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger)
+    : ServiceFramework("ISelfController"), system(system), nvflinger(nvflinger) {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, &ISelfController::Exit, "Exit"},
@@ -458,8 +457,8 @@ void ISelfController::CreateManagedDisplayLayer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx)
 
     // TODO(Subv): Find out how AM determines the display to use, for now just
     // create the layer in the Default display.
-    const auto display_id = nvflinger->OpenDisplay("Default");
-    const auto layer_id = nvflinger->CreateLayer(*display_id);
+    const auto display_id = nvflinger.OpenDisplay("Default");
+    const auto layer_id = nvflinger.CreateLayer(*display_id);
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 4};
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
@@ -476,8 +475,8 @@ void ISelfController::CreateManagedDisplaySeparableLayer(Kernel::HLERequestConte
     // Outputting 1 layer id instead of the expected 2 has not been observed to cause any adverse
     // side effects.
     // TODO: Support multiple layers
-    const auto display_id = nvflinger->OpenDisplay("Default");
-    const auto layer_id = nvflinger->CreateLayer(*display_id);
+    const auto display_id = nvflinger.OpenDisplay("Default");
+    const auto layer_id = nvflinger.CreateLayer(*display_id);
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 4};
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
@@ -1189,9 +1188,9 @@ IApplicationFunctions::IApplicationFunctions(Core::System& system_)
         {102, &IApplicationFunctions::SetApplicationCopyrightVisibility, "SetApplicationCopyrightVisibility"},
         {110, &IApplicationFunctions::QueryApplicationPlayStatistics, "QueryApplicationPlayStatistics"},
         {111, &IApplicationFunctions::QueryApplicationPlayStatisticsByUid, "QueryApplicationPlayStatisticsByUid"},
-        {120, nullptr, "ExecuteProgram"},
-        {121, nullptr, "ClearUserChannel"},
-        {122, nullptr, "UnpopToUserChannel"},
+        {120, &IApplicationFunctions::ExecuteProgram, "ExecuteProgram"},
+        {121, &IApplicationFunctions::ClearUserChannel, "ClearUserChannel"},
+        {122, &IApplicationFunctions::UnpopToUserChannel, "UnpopToUserChannel"},
         {123, &IApplicationFunctions::GetPreviousProgramIndex, "GetPreviousProgramIndex"},
         {124, nullptr, "EnableApplicationAllThreadDumpOnCrash"},
         {130, &IApplicationFunctions::GetGpuErrorDetectedSystemEvent, "GetGpuErrorDetectedSystemEvent"},
@@ -1562,6 +1561,34 @@ void IApplicationFunctions::QueryApplicationPlayStatisticsByUid(Kernel::HLEReque
     rb.Push<u32>(0);
 }
 
+void IApplicationFunctions::ExecuteProgram(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+
+    IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+    [[maybe_unused]] const auto unk_1 = rp.Pop<u32>();
+    [[maybe_unused]] const auto unk_2 = rp.Pop<u32>();
+    const auto program_index = rp.Pop<u64>();
+
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+
+    system.ExecuteProgram(program_index);
+}
+
+void IApplicationFunctions::ClearUserChannel(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+void IApplicationFunctions::UnpopToUserChannel(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
 void IApplicationFunctions::GetPreviousProgramIndex(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
 
@@ -1586,8 +1613,8 @@ void IApplicationFunctions::GetFriendInvitationStorageChannelEvent(Kernel::HLERe
     rb.PushCopyObjects(friend_invitation_storage_channel_event.readable);
 }
 
-void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager,
-                       std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger, Core::System& system) {
+void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager, NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger,
+                       Core::System& system) {
     auto message_queue = std::make_shared<AppletMessageQueue>(system.Kernel());
     // Needed on game boot
     message_queue->PushMessage(AppletMessageQueue::AppletMessage::FocusStateChanged);

src/core/hle/service/am/am.h

@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@ public:
 
 class ISelfController final : public ServiceFramework<ISelfController> {
 public:
-    explicit ISelfController(Core::System& system_,
-                             std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger_);
+    explicit ISelfController(Core::System& system_, NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger_);
     ~ISelfController() override;
 
 private:
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ private:
     };
 
     Core::System& system;
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger;
     Kernel::EventPair launchable_event;
     Kernel::EventPair accumulated_suspended_tick_changed_event;
 
@@ -288,6 +287,9 @@ private:
     void SetApplicationCopyrightVisibility(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void QueryApplicationPlayStatistics(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void QueryApplicationPlayStatisticsByUid(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void ExecuteProgram(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void ClearUserChannel(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void UnpopToUserChannel(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetPreviousProgramIndex(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetGpuErrorDetectedSystemEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetFriendInvitationStorageChannelEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ public:
 };
 
 /// Registers all AM services with the specified service manager.
-void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager,
-                       std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger, Core::System& system);
+void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager, NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger,
+                       Core::System& system);
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_ae.cpp

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ namespace Service::AM {
 
 class ILibraryAppletProxy final : public ServiceFramework<ILibraryAppletProxy> {
 public:
-    explicit ILibraryAppletProxy(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger,
+    explicit ILibraryAppletProxy(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger,
                                  std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue,
                                  Core::System& system)
-        : ServiceFramework("ILibraryAppletProxy"), nvflinger(std::move(nvflinger)),
+        : ServiceFramework("ILibraryAppletProxy"), nvflinger(nvflinger),
           msg_queue(std::move(msg_queue)), system(system) {
         // clang-format off
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
@@ -109,16 +109,16 @@ private:
         rb.PushIpcInterface<IApplicationFunctions>(system);
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger;
     std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue;
     Core::System& system;
 };
 
 class ISystemAppletProxy final : public ServiceFramework<ISystemAppletProxy> {
 public:
-    explicit ISystemAppletProxy(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger,
+    explicit ISystemAppletProxy(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger,
                                 std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue, Core::System& system)
-        : ServiceFramework("ISystemAppletProxy"), nvflinger(std::move(nvflinger)),
+        : ServiceFramework("ISystemAppletProxy"), nvflinger(nvflinger),
           msg_queue(std::move(msg_queue)), system(system) {
         // clang-format off
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
@@ -220,7 +220,8 @@ private:
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
         rb.PushIpcInterface<IApplicationCreator>();
     }
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger;
+
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger;
     std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue;
     Core::System& system;
 };
@@ -249,10 +250,10 @@ void AppletAE::OpenLibraryAppletProxyOld(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     rb.PushIpcInterface<ILibraryAppletProxy>(nvflinger, msg_queue, system);
 }
 
-AppletAE::AppletAE(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger,
-                   std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue, Core::System& system)
-    : ServiceFramework("appletAE"), nvflinger(std::move(nvflinger)),
-      msg_queue(std::move(msg_queue)), system(system) {
+AppletAE::AppletAE(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger, std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue,
+                   Core::System& system)
+    : ServiceFramework("appletAE"), nvflinger(nvflinger), msg_queue(std::move(msg_queue)),
+      system(system) {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {100, &AppletAE::OpenSystemAppletProxy, "OpenSystemAppletProxy"},

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_ae.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class AppletMessageQueue;
 
 class AppletAE final : public ServiceFramework<AppletAE> {
 public:
-    explicit AppletAE(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger,
+    explicit AppletAE(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger,
                       std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue, Core::System& system);
     ~AppletAE() override;
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ private:
     void OpenLibraryAppletProxy(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void OpenLibraryAppletProxyOld(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger;
     std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue;
     Core::System& system;
 };

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_oe.cpp

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ namespace Service::AM {
 
 class IApplicationProxy final : public ServiceFramework<IApplicationProxy> {
 public:
-    explicit IApplicationProxy(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger,
+    explicit IApplicationProxy(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger,
                                std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue, Core::System& system)
-        : ServiceFramework("IApplicationProxy"), nvflinger(std::move(nvflinger)),
+        : ServiceFramework("IApplicationProxy"), nvflinger(nvflinger),
           msg_queue(std::move(msg_queue)), system(system) {
         // clang-format off
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ private:
         rb.PushIpcInterface<IApplicationFunctions>(system);
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger;
     std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue;
     Core::System& system;
 };
@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ void AppletOE::OpenApplicationProxy(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     rb.PushIpcInterface<IApplicationProxy>(nvflinger, msg_queue, system);
 }
 
-AppletOE::AppletOE(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger,
-                   std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue, Core::System& system)
-    : ServiceFramework("appletOE"), nvflinger(std::move(nvflinger)),
-      msg_queue(std::move(msg_queue)), system(system) {
+AppletOE::AppletOE(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger, std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue,
+                   Core::System& system)
+    : ServiceFramework("appletOE"), nvflinger(nvflinger), msg_queue(std::move(msg_queue)),
+      system(system) {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, &AppletOE::OpenApplicationProxy, "OpenApplicationProxy"},
     };

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_oe.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class AppletMessageQueue;
 
 class AppletOE final : public ServiceFramework<AppletOE> {
 public:
-    explicit AppletOE(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger,
+    explicit AppletOE(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger,
                       std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue, Core::System& system);
     ~AppletOE() override;
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public:
 private:
     void OpenApplicationProxy(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nvflinger;
     std::shared_ptr<AppletMessageQueue> msg_queue;
     Core::System& system;
 };

src/core/hle/service/service.cpp

@@ -188,17 +188,19 @@ ResultCode ServiceFrameworkBase::HandleSyncRequest(Kernel::HLERequestContext& co
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-/// Initialize ServiceManager
-void Init(std::shared_ptr<SM::ServiceManager>& sm, Core::System& system) {
+/// Initialize Services
+Services::Services(std::shared_ptr<SM::ServiceManager>& sm, Core::System& system)
+    : nv_flinger{std::make_unique<NVFlinger::NVFlinger>(system)} {
+
     // NVFlinger needs to be accessed by several services like Vi and AppletOE so we instantiate it
     // here and pass it into the respective InstallInterfaces functions.
-    auto nv_flinger = std::make_shared<NVFlinger::NVFlinger>(system);
+
     system.GetFileSystemController().CreateFactories(*system.GetFilesystem(), false);
 
     SM::ServiceManager::InstallInterfaces(sm, system.Kernel());
 
     Account::InstallInterfaces(system);
-    AM::InstallInterfaces(*sm, nv_flinger, system);
+    AM::InstallInterfaces(*sm, *nv_flinger, system);
     AOC::InstallInterfaces(*sm, system);
     APM::InstallInterfaces(system);
     Audio::InstallInterfaces(*sm, system);
@@ -246,14 +248,10 @@ void Init(std::shared_ptr<SM::ServiceManager>& sm, Core::System& system) {
     SSL::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
     Time::InstallInterfaces(system);
     USB::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
-    VI::InstallInterfaces(*sm, nv_flinger);
+    VI::InstallInterfaces(*sm, *nv_flinger);
     WLAN::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
-
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service, "initialized OK");
 }
 
-/// Shutdown ServiceManager
-void Shutdown() {
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service, "shutdown OK");
-}
+Services::~Services() = default;
+
 } // namespace Service

src/core/hle/service/service.h

@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ namespace Service {
 
 namespace FileSystem {
 class FileSystemController;
-} // namespace FileSystem
+}
+
+namespace NVFlinger {
+class NVFlinger;
+}
 
 namespace SM {
 class ServiceManager;
@@ -181,10 +185,17 @@ private:
     }
 };
 
-/// Initialize ServiceManager
-void Init(std::shared_ptr<SM::ServiceManager>& sm, Core::System& system);
+/**
+ * The purpose of this class is to own any objects that need to be shared across the other service
+ * implementations. Will be torn down when the global system instance is shutdown.
+ */
+class Services final {
+public:
+    explicit Services(std::shared_ptr<SM::ServiceManager>& sm, Core::System& system);
+    ~Services();
 
-/// Shutdown ServiceManager
-void Shutdown();
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger;
+};
 
 } // namespace Service

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp

@@ -492,8 +492,8 @@ private:
 
 class IHOSBinderDriver final : public ServiceFramework<IHOSBinderDriver> {
 public:
-    explicit IHOSBinderDriver(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger)
-        : ServiceFramework("IHOSBinderDriver"), nv_flinger(std::move(nv_flinger)) {
+    explicit IHOSBinderDriver(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger)
+        : ServiceFramework("IHOSBinderDriver"), nv_flinger(nv_flinger) {
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
             {0, &IHOSBinderDriver::TransactParcel, "TransactParcel"},
             {1, &IHOSBinderDriver::AdjustRefcount, "AdjustRefcount"},
@@ -530,8 +530,8 @@ private:
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_VI, "called. id=0x{:08X} transaction={:X}, flags=0x{:08X}", id,
                   static_cast<u32>(transaction), flags);
 
-        const auto guard = nv_flinger->Lock();
-        auto& buffer_queue = nv_flinger->FindBufferQueue(id);
+        const auto guard = nv_flinger.Lock();
+        auto& buffer_queue = nv_flinger.FindBufferQueue(id);
 
         switch (transaction) {
         case TransactionId::Connect: {
@@ -570,8 +570,8 @@ private:
                     [=, this](std::shared_ptr<Kernel::Thread> thread,
                               Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx, Kernel::ThreadWakeupReason reason) {
                         // Repeat TransactParcel DequeueBuffer when a buffer is available
-                        const auto guard = nv_flinger->Lock();
-                        auto& buffer_queue = nv_flinger->FindBufferQueue(id);
+                        const auto guard = nv_flinger.Lock();
+                        auto& buffer_queue = nv_flinger.FindBufferQueue(id);
                         auto result = buffer_queue.DequeueBuffer(width, height);
                         ASSERT_MSG(result != std::nullopt, "Could not dequeue buffer.");
 
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ private:
 
         LOG_WARNING(Service_VI, "(STUBBED) called id={}, unknown={:08X}", id, unknown);
 
-        const auto& buffer_queue = nv_flinger->FindBufferQueue(id);
+        const auto& buffer_queue = nv_flinger.FindBufferQueue(id);
 
         // TODO(Subv): Find out what this actually is.
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
@@ -684,8 +684,8 @@ private:
         rb.PushCopyObjects(buffer_queue.GetBufferWaitEvent());
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger;
-}; // namespace VI
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger;
+};
 
 class ISystemDisplayService final : public ServiceFramework<ISystemDisplayService> {
 public:
@@ -790,8 +790,8 @@ private:
 
 class IManagerDisplayService final : public ServiceFramework<IManagerDisplayService> {
 public:
-    explicit IManagerDisplayService(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger)
-        : ServiceFramework("IManagerDisplayService"), nv_flinger(std::move(nv_flinger)) {
+    explicit IManagerDisplayService(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger)
+        : ServiceFramework("IManagerDisplayService"), nv_flinger(nv_flinger) {
         // clang-format off
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
             {200, nullptr, "AllocateProcessHeapBlock"},
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ private:
                     "(STUBBED) called. unknown=0x{:08X}, display=0x{:016X}, aruid=0x{:016X}",
                     unknown, display, aruid);
 
-        const auto layer_id = nv_flinger->CreateLayer(display);
+        const auto layer_id = nv_flinger.CreateLayer(display);
         if (!layer_id) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_VI, "Layer not found! display=0x{:016X}", display);
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -930,12 +930,12 @@ private:
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger;
 };
 
 class IApplicationDisplayService final : public ServiceFramework<IApplicationDisplayService> {
 public:
-    explicit IApplicationDisplayService(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger);
+    explicit IApplicationDisplayService(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger);
 
 private:
     enum class ConvertedScaleMode : u64 {
@@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ private:
 
         ASSERT_MSG(name == "Default", "Non-default displays aren't supported yet");
 
-        const auto display_id = nv_flinger->OpenDisplay(name);
+        const auto display_id = nv_flinger.OpenDisplay(name);
         if (!display_id) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_VI, "Display not found! display_name={}", name);
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ private:
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_VI, "called. layer_id=0x{:016X}, aruid=0x{:016X}", layer_id, aruid);
 
-        const auto display_id = nv_flinger->OpenDisplay(display_name);
+        const auto display_id = nv_flinger.OpenDisplay(display_name);
         if (!display_id) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_VI, "Layer not found! layer_id={}", layer_id);
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ private:
             return;
         }
 
-        const auto buffer_queue_id = nv_flinger->FindBufferQueueId(*display_id, layer_id);
+        const auto buffer_queue_id = nv_flinger.FindBufferQueueId(*display_id, layer_id);
         if (!buffer_queue_id) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_VI, "Buffer queue id not found! display_id={}", *display_id);
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ private:
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_VI, "called. layer_id=0x{:016X}", layer_id);
 
-        nv_flinger->CloseLayer(layer_id);
+        nv_flinger.CloseLayer(layer_id);
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ private:
 
         // TODO(Subv): What's the difference between a Stray and a Managed layer?
 
-        const auto layer_id = nv_flinger->CreateLayer(display_id);
+        const auto layer_id = nv_flinger.CreateLayer(display_id);
         if (!layer_id) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_VI, "Layer not found! layer_id={}", *layer_id);
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -1162,7 +1162,7 @@ private:
             return;
         }
 
-        const auto buffer_queue_id = nv_flinger->FindBufferQueueId(display_id, *layer_id);
+        const auto buffer_queue_id = nv_flinger.FindBufferQueueId(display_id, *layer_id);
         if (!buffer_queue_id) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_VI, "Buffer queue id not found! display_id={}", display_id);
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ private:
 
         LOG_WARNING(Service_VI, "(STUBBED) called. display_id=0x{:016X}", display_id);
 
-        const auto vsync_event = nv_flinger->FindVsyncEvent(display_id);
+        const auto vsync_event = nv_flinger.FindVsyncEvent(display_id);
         if (!vsync_event) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_VI, "Vsync event was not found for display_id={}", display_id);
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -1258,12 +1258,11 @@ private:
         }
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger;
 };
 
-IApplicationDisplayService::IApplicationDisplayService(
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger)
-    : ServiceFramework("IApplicationDisplayService"), nv_flinger(std::move(nv_flinger)) {
+IApplicationDisplayService::IApplicationDisplayService(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger)
+    : ServiceFramework("IApplicationDisplayService"), nv_flinger(nv_flinger) {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {100, &IApplicationDisplayService::GetRelayService, "GetRelayService"},
         {101, &IApplicationDisplayService::GetSystemDisplayService, "GetSystemDisplayService"},
@@ -1304,8 +1303,7 @@ static bool IsValidServiceAccess(Permission permission, Policy policy) {
     return false;
 }
 
-void detail::GetDisplayServiceImpl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx,
-                                   std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger,
+void detail::GetDisplayServiceImpl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx, NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger,
                                    Permission permission) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     const auto policy = rp.PopEnum<Policy>();
@@ -1319,11 +1317,10 @@ void detail::GetDisplayServiceImpl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx,
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IApplicationDisplayService>(std::move(nv_flinger));
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IApplicationDisplayService>(nv_flinger);
 }
 
-void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager,
-                       std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger) {
+void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager, NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger) {
     std::make_shared<VI_M>(nv_flinger)->InstallAsService(service_manager);
     std::make_shared<VI_S>(nv_flinger)->InstallAsService(service_manager);
     std::make_shared<VI_U>(nv_flinger)->InstallAsService(service_manager);

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.h

@@ -43,12 +43,11 @@ enum class Policy {
 };
 
 namespace detail {
-void GetDisplayServiceImpl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx,
-                           std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger, Permission permission);
+void GetDisplayServiceImpl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx, NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger,
+                           Permission permission);
 } // namespace detail
 
 /// Registers all VI services with the specified service manager.
-void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager,
-                       std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger);
+void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager, NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger);
 
 } // namespace Service::VI

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi_m.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace Service::VI {
 
-VI_M::VI_M(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger)
-    : ServiceFramework{"vi:m"}, nv_flinger{std::move(nv_flinger)} {
+VI_M::VI_M(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger) : ServiceFramework{"vi:m"}, nv_flinger{nv_flinger} {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {2, &VI_M::GetDisplayService, "GetDisplayService"},
         {3, nullptr, "GetDisplayServiceWithProxyNameExchange"},

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi_m.h

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ namespace Service::VI {
 
 class VI_M final : public ServiceFramework<VI_M> {
 public:
-    explicit VI_M(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger);
+    explicit VI_M(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger);
     ~VI_M() override;
 
 private:
     void GetDisplayService(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger;
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::VI

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi_s.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace Service::VI {
 
-VI_S::VI_S(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger)
-    : ServiceFramework{"vi:s"}, nv_flinger{std::move(nv_flinger)} {
+VI_S::VI_S(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger) : ServiceFramework{"vi:s"}, nv_flinger{nv_flinger} {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {1, &VI_S::GetDisplayService, "GetDisplayService"},
         {3, nullptr, "GetDisplayServiceWithProxyNameExchange"},

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi_s.h

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ namespace Service::VI {
 
 class VI_S final : public ServiceFramework<VI_S> {
 public:
-    explicit VI_S(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger);
+    explicit VI_S(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger);
     ~VI_S() override;
 
 private:
     void GetDisplayService(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger;
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::VI

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi_u.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace Service::VI {
 
-VI_U::VI_U(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger)
-    : ServiceFramework{"vi:u"}, nv_flinger{std::move(nv_flinger)} {
+VI_U::VI_U(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger) : ServiceFramework{"vi:u"}, nv_flinger{nv_flinger} {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, &VI_U::GetDisplayService, "GetDisplayService"},
         {1, nullptr, "GetDisplayServiceWithProxyNameExchange"},

src/core/hle/service/vi/vi_u.h

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ namespace Service::VI {
 
 class VI_U final : public ServiceFramework<VI_U> {
 public:
-    explicit VI_U(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger);
+    explicit VI_U(NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger);
     ~VI_U() override;
 
 private:
     void GetDisplayService(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
-    std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nv_flinger;
+    NVFlinger::NVFlinger& nv_flinger;
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::VI

src/core/loader/loader.cpp

@@ -198,10 +198,11 @@ AppLoader::~AppLoader() = default;
  * @param system The system context to use.
  * @param file   The file to retrieve the loader for
  * @param type   The file type
+ * @param program_index Specifies the index within the container of the program to launch.
  * @return std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> a pointer to a loader object;  nullptr for unsupported type
  */
 static std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetFileLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file,
-                                                FileType type) {
+                                                FileType type, std::size_t program_index) {
     switch (type) {
     // Standard ELF file format.
     case FileType::ELF:
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ static std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetFileLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::V
     // NX XCI (nX Card Image) file format.
     case FileType::XCI:
         return std::make_unique<AppLoader_XCI>(std::move(file), system.GetFileSystemController(),
-                                               system.GetContentProvider());
+                                               system.GetContentProvider(), program_index);
 
     // NX NAX (NintendoAesXts) file format.
     case FileType::NAX:
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ static std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetFileLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::V
     // NX NSP (Nintendo Submission Package) file format
     case FileType::NSP:
         return std::make_unique<AppLoader_NSP>(std::move(file), system.GetFileSystemController(),
-                                               system.GetContentProvider());
+                                               system.GetContentProvider(), program_index);
 
     // NX KIP (Kernel Internal Process) file format
     case FileType::KIP:
@@ -246,7 +247,8 @@ static std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetFileLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::V
     }
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file) {
+std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file,
+                                     std::size_t program_index) {
     FileType type = IdentifyFile(file);
     const FileType filename_type = GuessFromFilename(file->GetName());
 
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Loader, "Loading file {} as {}...", file->GetName(), GetFileTypeString(type));
 
-    return GetFileLoader(system, std::move(file), type);
+    return GetFileLoader(system, std::move(file), type, program_index);
 }
 
 } // namespace Loader

src/core/loader/loader.h

@@ -293,9 +293,11 @@ protected:
  *
  * @param system The system context.
  * @param file   The bootable file.
+ * @param program_index Specifies the index within the container of the program to launch.
  *
  * @return the best loader for this file.
  */
-std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file);
+std::unique_ptr<AppLoader> GetLoader(Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file,
+                                     std::size_t program_index = 0);
 
 } // namespace Loader

src/core/loader/nsp.cpp

@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ namespace Loader {
 
 AppLoader_NSP::AppLoader_NSP(FileSys::VirtualFile file,
                              const Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& fsc,
-                             const FileSys::ContentProvider& content_provider)
-    : AppLoader(file), nsp(std::make_unique<FileSys::NSP>(file)),
+                             const FileSys::ContentProvider& content_provider,
+                             std::size_t program_index)
+    : AppLoader(file), nsp(std::make_unique<FileSys::NSP>(file, program_index)),
       title_id(nsp->GetProgramTitleID()) {
 
     if (nsp->GetStatus() != ResultStatus::Success) {

src/core/loader/nsp.h

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class AppLoader_NSP final : public AppLoader {
 public:
     explicit AppLoader_NSP(FileSys::VirtualFile file,
                            const Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& fsc,
-                           const FileSys::ContentProvider& content_provider);
+                           const FileSys::ContentProvider& content_provider,
+                           std::size_t program_index);
     ~AppLoader_NSP() override;
 
     /**

src/core/loader/xci.cpp

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ namespace Loader {
 
 AppLoader_XCI::AppLoader_XCI(FileSys::VirtualFile file,
                              const Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& fsc,
-                             const FileSys::ContentProvider& content_provider)
-    : AppLoader(file), xci(std::make_unique<FileSys::XCI>(file)),
+                             const FileSys::ContentProvider& content_provider,
+                             std::size_t program_index)
+    : AppLoader(file), xci(std::make_unique<FileSys::XCI>(file, program_index)),
       nca_loader(std::make_unique<AppLoader_NCA>(xci->GetProgramNCAFile())) {
     if (xci->GetStatus() != ResultStatus::Success) {
         return;

src/core/loader/xci.h

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class AppLoader_XCI final : public AppLoader {
 public:
     explicit AppLoader_XCI(FileSys::VirtualFile file,
                            const Service::FileSystem::FileSystemController& fsc,
-                           const FileSys::ContentProvider& content_provider);
+                           const FileSys::ContentProvider& content_provider,
+                           std::size_t program_index);
     ~AppLoader_XCI() override;
 
     /**

src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ add_library(input_common STATIC
 
 if (MSVC)
     target_compile_options(input_common PRIVATE
+        /W4
+        /WX
+
         # 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
         /we4018
         # 'argument' : conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data (floating-point)
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@ if (MSVC)
     )
 else()
     target_compile_options(input_common PRIVATE
+        -Werror
         -Werror=conversion
         -Werror=ignored-qualifiers
         -Werror=implicit-fallthrough

src/input_common/analog_from_button.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <thread>
+#include "common/math_util.h"
 #include "input_common/analog_from_button.h"
 
 namespace InputCommon {
@@ -11,31 +15,104 @@ public:
     using Button = std::unique_ptr<Input::ButtonDevice>;
 
     Analog(Button up_, Button down_, Button left_, Button right_, Button modifier_,
-           float modifier_scale_)
+           float modifier_scale_, float modifier_angle_)
         : up(std::move(up_)), down(std::move(down_)), left(std::move(left_)),
-          right(std::move(right_)), modifier(std::move(modifier_)),
-          modifier_scale(modifier_scale_) {}
+          right(std::move(right_)), modifier(std::move(modifier_)), modifier_scale(modifier_scale_),
+          modifier_angle(modifier_angle_) {
+        update_thread = std::thread(&Analog::UpdateStatus, this);
+    }
+
+    ~Analog() override {
+        update_thread_running = false;
+        if (update_thread.joinable()) {
+            update_thread.join();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MoveToDirection(bool enable, float to_angle) {
+        if (!enable) {
+            return;
+        }
+        constexpr float TAU = Common::PI * 2.0f;
+        // Use wider angle to ease the transition.
+        constexpr float aperture = TAU * 0.15f;
+        const float top_limit = to_angle + aperture;
+        const float bottom_limit = to_angle - aperture;
+
+        if ((angle > to_angle && angle <= top_limit) ||
+            (angle + TAU > to_angle && angle + TAU <= top_limit)) {
+            angle -= modifier_angle;
+            if (angle < 0) {
+                angle += TAU;
+            }
+        } else if ((angle >= bottom_limit && angle < to_angle) ||
+                   (angle - TAU >= bottom_limit && angle - TAU < to_angle)) {
+            angle += modifier_angle;
+            if (angle >= TAU) {
+                angle -= TAU;
+            }
+        } else {
+            angle = to_angle;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void UpdateStatus() {
+        while (update_thread_running) {
+            const float coef = modifier->GetStatus() ? modifier_scale : 1.0f;
+
+            bool r = right->GetStatus();
+            bool l = left->GetStatus();
+            bool u = up->GetStatus();
+            bool d = down->GetStatus();
+
+            // Eliminate contradictory movements
+            if (r && l) {
+                r = false;
+                l = false;
+            }
+            if (u && d) {
+                u = false;
+                d = false;
+            }
+
+            // Move to the right
+            MoveToDirection(r && !u && !d, 0.0f);
+
+            // Move to the upper right
+            MoveToDirection(r && u && !d, Common::PI * 0.25f);
+
+            // Move up
+            MoveToDirection(u && !l && !r, Common::PI * 0.5f);
+
+            // Move to the upper left
+            MoveToDirection(l && u && !d, Common::PI * 0.75f);
+
+            // Move to the left
+            MoveToDirection(l && !u && !d, Common::PI);
+
+            // Move to the bottom left
+            MoveToDirection(l && !u && d, Common::PI * 1.25f);
+
+            // Move down
+            MoveToDirection(d && !l && !r, Common::PI * 1.5f);
+
+            // Move to the bottom right
+            MoveToDirection(r && !u && d, Common::PI * 1.75f);
+
+            // Move if a key is pressed
+            if (r || l || u || d) {
+                amplitude = coef;
+            } else {
+                amplitude = 0;
+            }
+
+            // Delay the update rate to 100hz
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
+        }
+    }
 
     std::tuple<float, float> GetStatus() const override {
-        constexpr float SQRT_HALF = 0.707106781f;
-        int x = 0, y = 0;
-
-        if (right->GetStatus()) {
-            ++x;
-        }
-        if (left->GetStatus()) {
-            --x;
-        }
-        if (up->GetStatus()) {
-            ++y;
-        }
-        if (down->GetStatus()) {
-            --y;
-        }
-
-        const float coef = modifier->GetStatus() ? modifier_scale : 1.0f;
-        return std::make_tuple(static_cast<float>(x) * coef * (y == 0 ? 1.0f : SQRT_HALF),
-                               static_cast<float>(y) * coef * (x == 0 ? 1.0f : SQRT_HALF));
+        return std::make_tuple(std::cos(angle) * amplitude, std::sin(angle) * amplitude);
     }
 
     bool GetAnalogDirectionStatus(Input::AnalogDirection direction) const override {
@@ -59,6 +136,11 @@ private:
     Button right;
     Button modifier;
     float modifier_scale;
+    float modifier_angle;
+    float angle{};
+    float amplitude{};
+    std::thread update_thread;
+    bool update_thread_running{true};
 };
 
 std::unique_ptr<Input::AnalogDevice> AnalogFromButton::Create(const Common::ParamPackage& params) {
@@ -69,8 +151,10 @@ std::unique_ptr<Input::AnalogDevice> AnalogFromButton::Create(const Common::Para
     auto right = Input::CreateDevice<Input::ButtonDevice>(params.Get("right", null_engine));
     auto modifier = Input::CreateDevice<Input::ButtonDevice>(params.Get("modifier", null_engine));
     auto modifier_scale = params.Get("modifier_scale", 0.5f);
+    auto modifier_angle = params.Get("modifier_angle", 0.035f);
     return std::make_unique<Analog>(std::move(up), std::move(down), std::move(left),
-                                    std::move(right), std::move(modifier), modifier_scale);
+                                    std::move(right), std::move(modifier), modifier_scale,
+                                    modifier_angle);
 }
 
 } // namespace InputCommon

src/input_common/gcadapter/gc_poller.cpp

@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<Input::ButtonDevice> GCButtonFactory::Create(const Common::Param
                                               adapter.get());
     }
 
-    UNREACHABLE();
     return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -300,7 +299,8 @@ public:
         return gcadapter->RumblePlay(port, 0);
     }
 
-    bool SetRumblePlay(f32 amp_low, f32 freq_low, f32 amp_high, f32 freq_high) const override {
+    bool SetRumblePlay(f32 amp_low, [[maybe_unused]] f32 freq_low, f32 amp_high,
+                       [[maybe_unused]] f32 freq_high) const override {
         const auto mean_amplitude = (amp_low + amp_high) * 0.5f;
         const auto processed_amplitude =
             static_cast<u8>((mean_amplitude + std::pow(mean_amplitude, 0.3f)) * 0.5f * 0x8);

src/input_common/sdl/sdl.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public:
     /// Unregisters SDL device factories and shut them down.
     virtual ~State() = default;
 
-    virtual Pollers GetPollers(Polling::DeviceType type) {
+    virtual Pollers GetPollers(Polling::DeviceType) {
         return {};
     }
 

src/input_common/sdl/sdl_impl.cpp

@@ -400,7 +400,8 @@ public:
         return joystick->RumblePlay(0, 0);
     }
 
-    bool SetRumblePlay(f32 amp_low, f32 freq_low, f32 amp_high, f32 freq_high) const override {
+    bool SetRumblePlay(f32 amp_low, [[maybe_unused]] f32 freq_low, f32 amp_high,
+                       [[maybe_unused]] f32 freq_high) const override {
         const auto process_amplitude = [](f32 amplitude) {
             return static_cast<u16>((amplitude + std::pow(amplitude, 0.3f)) * 0.5f * 0xFFFF);
         };
@@ -864,6 +865,8 @@ Common::ParamPackage SDLEventToMotionParamPackage(SDLState& state, const SDL_Eve
 Common::ParamPackage BuildParamPackageForBinding(int port, const std::string& guid,
                                                  const SDL_GameControllerButtonBind& binding) {
     switch (binding.bindType) {
+    case SDL_CONTROLLER_BINDTYPE_NONE:
+        break;
     case SDL_CONTROLLER_BINDTYPE_AXIS:
         return BuildAnalogParamPackageForButton(port, guid, binding.value.axis);
     case SDL_CONTROLLER_BINDTYPE_BUTTON:
@@ -984,7 +987,7 @@ class SDLPoller : public InputCommon::Polling::DevicePoller {
 public:
     explicit SDLPoller(SDLState& state_) : state(state_) {}
 
-    void Start(const std::string& device_id) override {
+    void Start([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& device_id) override {
         state.event_queue.Clear();
         state.polling = true;
     }

src/input_common/touch_from_button.cpp

@@ -44,8 +44,7 @@ private:
     std::vector<std::tuple<std::unique_ptr<Input::ButtonDevice>, int, int>> map;
 };
 
-std::unique_ptr<Input::TouchDevice> TouchFromButtonFactory::Create(
-    const Common::ParamPackage& params) {
+std::unique_ptr<Input::TouchDevice> TouchFromButtonFactory::Create(const Common::ParamPackage&) {
     return std::make_unique<TouchFromButtonDevice>();
 }
 

src/input_common/udp/client.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    void HandleReceive(const boost::system::error_code& error, std::size_t bytes_transferred) {
+    void HandleReceive(const boost::system::error_code&, std::size_t bytes_transferred) {
         if (auto type = Response::Validate(receive_buffer.data(), bytes_transferred)) {
             switch (*type) {
             case Type::Version: {
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ private:
         StartReceive();
     }
 
-    void HandleSend(const boost::system::error_code& error) {
+    void HandleSend(const boost::system::error_code&) {
         boost::system::error_code _ignored{};
         // Send a request for getting port info for the pad
         const Request::PortInfo port_info{1, {static_cast<u8>(pad_index), 0, 0, 0}};
@@ -189,11 +189,11 @@ void Client::ReloadSocket(const std::string& host, u16 port, std::size_t pad_ind
     StartCommunication(client, host, port, pad_index, client_id);
 }
 
-void Client::OnVersion(Response::Version data) {
+void Client::OnVersion([[maybe_unused]] Response::Version data) {
     LOG_TRACE(Input, "Version packet received: {}", data.version);
 }
 
-void Client::OnPortInfo(Response::PortInfo data) {
+void Client::OnPortInfo([[maybe_unused]] Response::PortInfo data) {
     LOG_TRACE(Input, "PortInfo packet received: {}", data.model);
 }
 
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ CalibrationConfigurationJob::CalibrationConfigurationJob(
         u16 max_y{};
 
         Status current_status{Status::Initialized};
-        SocketCallback callback{[](Response::Version version) {}, [](Response::PortInfo info) {},
+        SocketCallback callback{[](Response::Version) {}, [](Response::PortInfo) {},
                                 [&](Response::PadData data) {
                                     if (current_status == Status::Initialized) {
                                         // Receiving data means the communication is ready now

src/input_common/udp/protocol.h

@@ -7,7 +7,16 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <optional>
 #include <type_traits>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4701)
+#endif
 #include <boost/crc.hpp>
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
 #include "common/bit_field.h"
 #include "common/swap.h"
 
@@ -93,7 +102,7 @@ static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<PadData>,
 
 /**
  * Creates a message with the proper header data that can be sent to the server.
- * @param T data Request body to send
+ * @param data Request body to send
  * @param client_id ID of the udp client (usually not checked on the server)
  */
 template <typename T>

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/fixed_pipeline_state.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>
 
+#include "common/bit_cast.h"
 #include "common/cityhash.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/fixed_pipeline_state.h"
@@ -60,7 +61,13 @@ void FixedPipelineState::Fill(const Maxwell& regs, bool has_extended_dynamic_sta
     rasterize_enable.Assign(regs.rasterize_enable != 0 ? 1 : 0);
     topology.Assign(regs.draw.topology);
 
-    std::memcpy(&point_size, &regs.point_size, sizeof(point_size)); // TODO: C++20 std::bit_cast
+    alpha_raw = 0;
+    const auto test_func =
+        regs.alpha_test_enabled == 1 ? regs.alpha_test_func : Maxwell::ComparisonOp::Always;
+    alpha_test_func.Assign(PackComparisonOp(test_func));
+    alpha_test_ref = Common::BitCast<u32>(regs.alpha_test_ref);
+
+    point_size = Common::BitCast<u32>(regs.point_size);
 
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
         binding_divisors[index] =

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/fixed_pipeline_state.h

@@ -187,6 +187,13 @@ struct FixedPipelineState {
         BitField<23, 1, u32> rasterize_enable;
         BitField<24, 4, Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology> topology;
     };
+
+    u32 alpha_test_ref; ///< Alpha test reference value
+    union {
+        u32 alpha_raw;
+        BitField<0, 3, u32> alpha_test_func;
+    };
+
     u32 point_size;
     std::array<u32, Maxwell::NumVertexArrays> binding_divisors;
     std::array<VertexAttribute, Maxwell::NumVertexAttributes> attributes;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "common/bit_cast.h"
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
@@ -344,6 +345,11 @@ VKPipelineCache::DecompileShaders(const FixedPipelineState& fixed_state) {
     }
     specialization.ndc_minus_one_to_one = fixed_state.ndc_minus_one_to_one;
 
+    // Alpha test
+    specialization.alpha_test_func =
+        FixedPipelineState::UnpackComparisonOp(fixed_state.alpha_test_func.Value());
+    specialization.alpha_test_ref = Common::BitCast<float>(fixed_state.alpha_test_ref);
+
     SPIRVProgram program;
     std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings;
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_decompiler.cpp

@@ -2075,6 +2075,45 @@ private:
         return {};
     }
 
+    Id MaxwellToSpirvComparison(Maxwell::ComparisonOp compare_op, Id operand_1, Id operand_2) {
+        using Compare = Maxwell::ComparisonOp;
+        switch (compare_op) {
+        case Compare::NeverOld:
+            return v_false; // Never let the test pass
+        case Compare::LessOld:
+            return OpFOrdLessThan(t_bool, operand_1, operand_2);
+        case Compare::EqualOld:
+            return OpFOrdEqual(t_bool, operand_1, operand_2);
+        case Compare::LessEqualOld:
+            return OpFOrdLessThanEqual(t_bool, operand_1, operand_2);
+        case Compare::GreaterOld:
+            return OpFOrdGreaterThan(t_bool, operand_1, operand_2);
+        case Compare::NotEqualOld:
+            return OpFOrdNotEqual(t_bool, operand_1, operand_2);
+        case Compare::GreaterEqualOld:
+            return OpFOrdGreaterThanEqual(t_bool, operand_1, operand_2);
+        default:
+            UNREACHABLE();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void AlphaTest(Id pointer) {
+        if (specialization.alpha_test_func == Maxwell::ComparisonOp::AlwaysOld) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const Id true_label = OpLabel();
+        const Id discard_label = OpLabel();
+        const Id alpha_reference = Constant(t_float, specialization.alpha_test_ref);
+        const Id alpha_value = OpLoad(t_float, pointer);
+        const Id condition =
+            MaxwellToSpirvComparison(specialization.alpha_test_func, alpha_value, alpha_reference);
+
+        OpBranchConditional(condition, true_label, discard_label);
+        AddLabel(discard_label);
+        OpKill();
+        AddLabel(true_label);
+    }
+
     void PreExit() {
         if (stage == ShaderType::Vertex && specialization.ndc_minus_one_to_one) {
             const u32 position_index = out_indices.position.value();
@@ -2097,8 +2136,6 @@ private:
             UNIMPLEMENTED_IF_MSG(header.ps.omap.sample_mask != 0,
                                  "Sample mask write is unimplemented");
 
-            // TODO(Rodrigo): Alpha testing
-
             // Write the color outputs using the data in the shader registers, disabled
             // rendertargets/components are skipped in the register assignment.
             u32 current_reg = 0;
@@ -2110,6 +2147,9 @@ private:
                     }
                     const Id pointer = AccessElement(t_out_float, frag_colors[rt], component);
                     OpStore(pointer, SafeGetRegister(current_reg));
+                    if (rt == 0 && component == 3) {
+                        AlphaTest(pointer);
+                    }
                     ++current_reg;
                 }
             }

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_decompiler.h

@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ struct Specialization final {
     std::bitset<Maxwell::NumVertexAttributes> enabled_attributes;
     std::array<Maxwell::VertexAttribute::Type, Maxwell::NumVertexAttributes> attribute_types{};
     bool ndc_minus_one_to_one{};
+    float alpha_test_ref{};
+    Maxwell::ComparisonOp alpha_test_func{};
 };
 // Old gcc versions don't consider this trivially copyable.
 // static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Specialization>);

src/video_core/shader/decode/image.cpp

@@ -212,10 +212,10 @@ u32 GetComponentSize(TextureFormat format, std::size_t component) {
         return 0;
     case TextureFormat::R8G24:
         if (component == 0) {
-            return 8;
+            return 24;
         }
         if (component == 1) {
-            return 24;
+            return 8;
         }
         return 0;
     case TextureFormat::R8G8:

src/yuzu/bootmanager.cpp

@@ -302,6 +302,12 @@ GRenderWindow::GRenderWindow(GMainWindow* parent, EmuThread* emu_thread_,
     this->setMouseTracking(true);
 
     connect(this, &GRenderWindow::FirstFrameDisplayed, parent, &GMainWindow::OnLoadComplete);
+    connect(this, &GRenderWindow::ExecuteProgramSignal, parent, &GMainWindow::OnExecuteProgram,
+            Qt::QueuedConnection);
+}
+
+void GRenderWindow::ExecuteProgram(std::size_t program_index) {
+    emit ExecuteProgramSignal(program_index);
 }
 
 GRenderWindow::~GRenderWindow() {

src/yuzu/bootmanager.h

@@ -166,6 +166,12 @@ public:
 
     std::pair<u32, u32> ScaleTouch(const QPointF& pos) const;
 
+    /**
+     * Instructs the window to re-launch the application using the specified program_index.
+     * @param program_index Specifies the index within the application of the program to launch.
+     */
+    void ExecuteProgram(std::size_t program_index);
+
 public slots:
     void OnEmulationStarting(EmuThread* emu_thread);
     void OnEmulationStopping();
@@ -175,6 +181,7 @@ signals:
     /// Emitted when the window is closed
     void Closed();
     void FirstFrameDisplayed();
+    void ExecuteProgramSignal(std::size_t program_index);
 
 private:
     void TouchBeginEvent(const QTouchEvent* event);

src/yuzu/main.cpp

@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ void GMainWindow::AllowOSSleep() {
 #endif
 }
 
-bool GMainWindow::LoadROM(const QString& filename) {
+bool GMainWindow::LoadROM(const QString& filename, std::size_t program_index) {
     // Shutdown previous session if the emu thread is still active...
     if (emu_thread != nullptr)
         ShutdownGame();
@@ -1003,7 +1003,8 @@ bool GMainWindow::LoadROM(const QString& filename) {
 
     system.RegisterHostThread();
 
-    const Core::System::ResultStatus result{system.Load(*render_window, filename.toStdString())};
+    const Core::System::ResultStatus result{
+        system.Load(*render_window, filename.toStdString(), program_index)};
 
     const auto drd_callout =
         (UISettings::values.callout_flags & static_cast<u32>(CalloutFlag::DRDDeprecation)) == 0;
@@ -1085,14 +1086,18 @@ void GMainWindow::SelectAndSetCurrentUser() {
     Settings::values.current_user = dialog.GetIndex();
 }
 
-void GMainWindow::BootGame(const QString& filename) {
+void GMainWindow::BootGame(const QString& filename, std::size_t program_index) {
     LOG_INFO(Frontend, "yuzu starting...");
     StoreRecentFile(filename); // Put the filename on top of the list
 
     u64 title_id{0};
+
+    last_filename_booted = filename;
+
     auto& system = Core::System::GetInstance();
     const auto v_file = Core::GetGameFileFromPath(vfs, filename.toUtf8().constData());
-    const auto loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, v_file);
+    const auto loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, v_file, program_index);
+
     if (!(loader == nullptr || loader->ReadProgramId(title_id) != Loader::ResultStatus::Success)) {
         // Load per game settings
         Config per_game_config(fmt::format("{:016X}", title_id), Config::ConfigType::PerGameConfig);
@@ -1106,7 +1111,7 @@ void GMainWindow::BootGame(const QString& filename) {
         SelectAndSetCurrentUser();
     }
 
-    if (!LoadROM(filename))
+    if (!LoadROM(filename, program_index))
         return;
 
     // Create and start the emulation thread
@@ -1114,6 +1119,10 @@ void GMainWindow::BootGame(const QString& filename) {
     emit EmulationStarting(emu_thread.get());
     emu_thread->start();
 
+    // Register an ExecuteProgram callback such that Core can execute a sub-program
+    system.RegisterExecuteProgramCallback(
+        [this](std::size_t program_index) { render_window->ExecuteProgram(program_index); });
+
     connect(render_window, &GRenderWindow::Closed, this, &GMainWindow::OnStopGame);
     // BlockingQueuedConnection is important here, it makes sure we've finished refreshing our views
     // before the CPU continues
@@ -2136,6 +2145,11 @@ void GMainWindow::OnLoadComplete() {
     loading_screen->OnLoadComplete();
 }
 
+void GMainWindow::OnExecuteProgram(std::size_t program_index) {
+    ShutdownGame();
+    BootGame(last_filename_booted, program_index);
+}
+
 void GMainWindow::ErrorDisplayDisplayError(QString body) {
     QMessageBox::critical(this, tr("Error Display"), body);
     emit ErrorDisplayFinished();

src/yuzu/main.h

@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ signals:
 
 public slots:
     void OnLoadComplete();
+    void OnExecuteProgram(std::size_t program_index);
     void ControllerSelectorReconfigureControllers(
         const Core::Frontend::ControllerParameters& parameters);
     void ErrorDisplayDisplayError(QString body);
@@ -154,8 +155,8 @@ private:
     void PreventOSSleep();
     void AllowOSSleep();
 
-    bool LoadROM(const QString& filename);
-    void BootGame(const QString& filename);
+    bool LoadROM(const QString& filename, std::size_t program_index);
+    void BootGame(const QString& filename, std::size_t program_index = 0);
     void ShutdownGame();
 
     void ShowTelemetryCallout();
@@ -317,6 +318,9 @@ private:
     // Install progress dialog
     QProgressDialog* install_progress;
 
+    // Last game booted, used for multi-process apps
+    QString last_filename_booted;
+
 protected:
     void dropEvent(QDropEvent* event) override;
     void dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent* event) override;

src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp

@@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
         system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID(), false,
         [](VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage, size_t value, size_t total) {});
 
-    system.Run();
+    void(system.Run());
     while (emu_window->IsOpen()) {
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
     }
-    system.Pause();
+    void(system.Pause());
     system.Shutdown();
 
     detached_tasks.WaitForAllTasks();

src/yuzu_tester/yuzu.cpp

@@ -256,11 +256,11 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 
     system.GPU().Start();
 
-    system.Run();
+    void(system.Run());
     while (!finished) {
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
     }
-    system.Pause();
+    void(system.Pause());
 
     detached_tasks.WaitForAllTasks();
     return return_value;