ci/linux: Target deploy script from appimage path

Includes AppImage changes so that the needed Qt Wayland libraries are
included.

.ci/scripts/linux/docker.sh

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ DESTDIR="$PWD/AppDir" ninja install
 rm -vf AppDir/usr/bin/yuzu-cmd AppDir/usr/bin/yuzu-tester
 
 # Download tools needed to build an AppImage
-wget -nc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yuzu-emu/ext-linux-bin/main/gcc/deploy-linux.sh
+wget -nc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yuzu-emu/ext-linux-bin/main/appimage/deploy-linux.sh
 wget -nc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yuzu-emu/AppImageKit-checkrt/old/AppRun.sh
 wget -nc https://github.com/yuzu-emu/ext-linux-bin/raw/main/appimage/exec-x86_64.so
 # Set executable bit

.github/workflows/android-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+name: 'yuzu-android-build'
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags: [ "*" ]
+
+jobs:
+  android:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Set up JDK 17
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        with:
+          java-version: '17'
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+      - name: Set up cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.gradle/caches
+            ~/.gradle/wrapper
+            ~/.ccache
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-android-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-android-
+      - name: Query tag name
+        uses: olegtarasov/get-tag@v2.1.2
+        id: tagName
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y ccache apksigner glslang-dev glslang-tools
+      - name: Build
+        run: ./.ci/scripts/android/build.sh
+      - name: Copy and sign artifacts
+        env:
+          ANDROID_KEYSTORE_B64: ${{ secrets.ANDROID_KEYSTORE_B64 }}
+          ANDROID_KEY_ALIAS: ${{ secrets.ANDROID_KEY_ALIAS }}
+          ANDROID_KEYSTORE_PASS: ${{ secrets.ANDROID_KEYSTORE_PASS }}
+        run: ./.ci/scripts/android/upload.sh
+      - name: Upload
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: android
+          path: artifacts/
+  # release steps
+  release-android:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [android]
+    if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/') }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      - name: Query tag name
+        uses: olegtarasov/get-tag@v2.1.2
+        id: tagName
+      - name: Create release
+        uses: actions/create-release@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          tag_name: ${{ steps.tagName.outputs.tag }}
+          release_name: ${{ steps.tagName.outputs.tag }}
+          draft: false
+          prerelease: false
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: alexellis/upload-assets@0.2.3
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          asset_paths: '["./**/*.apk","./**/*.aab"]'

.github/workflows/android-merge.js

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+// Note: This is a GitHub Actions script
+// It is not meant to be executed directly on your machine without modifications
+
+const fs = require("fs");
+// which label to check for changes
+const CHANGE_LABEL = 'android-merge';
+// how far back in time should we consider the changes are "recent"? (default: 24 hours)
+const DETECTION_TIME_FRAME = (parseInt(process.env.DETECTION_TIME_FRAME)) || (24 * 3600 * 1000);
+
+async function checkBaseChanges(github, context) {
+    // query the commit date of the latest commit on this branch
+    const query = `query($owner:String!, $name:String!, $ref:String!) {
+        repository(name:$name, owner:$owner) {
+            ref(qualifiedName:$ref) {
+                target {
+                    ... on Commit { id pushedDate oid }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }`;
+    const variables = {
+        owner: context.repo.owner,
+        name: context.repo.repo,
+        ref: 'refs/heads/master',
+    };
+    const result = await github.graphql(query, variables);
+    const pushedAt = result.repository.ref.target.pushedDate;
+    console.log(`Last commit pushed at ${pushedAt}.`);
+    const delta = new Date() - new Date(pushedAt);
+    if (delta <= DETECTION_TIME_FRAME) {
+        console.info('New changes detected, triggering a new build.');
+        return true;
+    }
+    console.info('No new changes detected.');
+    return false;
+}
+
+async function checkAndroidChanges(github, context) {
+    if (checkBaseChanges(github, context)) return true;
+    const query = `query($owner:String!, $name:String!, $label:String!) {
+        repository(name:$name, owner:$owner) {
+            pullRequests(labels: [$label], states: OPEN, first: 100) {
+                nodes { number headRepository { pushedAt } }
+            }
+        }
+    }`;
+    const variables = {
+        owner: context.repo.owner,
+        name: context.repo.repo,
+        label: CHANGE_LABEL,
+    };
+    const result = await github.graphql(query, variables);
+    const pulls = result.repository.pullRequests.nodes;
+    for (let i = 0; i < pulls.length; i++) {
+        let pull = pulls[i];
+        if (new Date() - new Date(pull.headRepository.pushedAt) <= DETECTION_TIME_FRAME) {
+            console.info(`${pull.number} updated at ${pull.headRepository.pushedAt}`);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    console.info("No changes detected in any tagged pull requests.");
+    return false;
+}
+
+async function tagAndPush(github, owner, repo, execa, commit=false) {
+    let altToken = process.env.ALT_GITHUB_TOKEN;
+    if (!altToken) {
+        throw `Please set ALT_GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable. This token should have write access to ${owner}/${repo}.`;
+    }
+    const query = `query ($owner:String!, $name:String!) {
+        repository(name:$name, owner:$owner) {
+            refs(refPrefix: "refs/tags/", orderBy: {field: TAG_COMMIT_DATE, direction: DESC}, first: 10) {
+                nodes { name }
+            }
+        }
+    }`;
+    const variables = {
+        owner: owner,
+        name: repo,
+    };
+    const tags = await github.graphql(query, variables);
+    const tagList = tags.repository.refs.nodes;
+    const lastTag = tagList[0] ? tagList[0].name : 'dummy-0';
+    const tagNumber = /\w+-(\d+)/.exec(lastTag)[1] | 0;
+    const channel = repo.split('-')[1];
+    const newTag = `${channel}-${tagNumber + 1}`;
+    console.log(`New tag: ${newTag}`);
+    if (commit) {
+        let channelName = channel[0].toUpperCase() + channel.slice(1);
+        console.info(`Committing pending commit as ${channelName} #${tagNumber + 1}`);
+        await execa("git", ['commit', '-m', `${channelName} #${tagNumber + 1}`]);
+    }
+    console.info('Pushing tags to GitHub ...');
+    await execa("git", ['tag', newTag]);
+    await execa("git", ['remote', 'add', 'target', `https://${altToken}@github.com/${owner}/${repo}.git`]);
+    await execa("git", ['push', 'target', 'master', '-f']);
+    await execa("git", ['push', 'target', 'master', '--tags']);
+    console.info('Successfully pushed new changes.');
+}
+
+async function generateReadme(pulls, context, mergeResults, execa) {
+    let baseUrl = `https://github.com/${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}/`;
+    let output =
+        "| Pull Request | Commit | Title | Author | Merged? |\n|----|----|----|----|----|\n";
+    for (let pull of pulls) {
+        let pr = pull.number;
+        let result = mergeResults[pr];
+        output += `| [${pr}](${baseUrl}/pull/${pr}) | [\`${result.rev || "N/A"}\`](${baseUrl}/pull/${pr}/files) | ${pull.title} | [${pull.author.login}](https://github.com/${pull.author.login}/) | ${result.success ? "Yes" : "No"} |\n`;
+    }
+    output +=
+        "\n\nEnd of merge log. You can find the original README.md below the break.\n\n-----\n\n";
+    output += fs.readFileSync("./README.md");
+    fs.writeFileSync("./README.md", output);
+    await execa("git", ["add", "README.md"]);
+}
+
+async function fetchPullRequests(pulls, repoUrl, execa) {
+    console.log("::group::Fetch pull requests");
+    for (let pull of pulls) {
+        let pr = pull.number;
+        console.info(`Fetching PR ${pr} ...`);
+        await execa("git", [
+            "fetch",
+            "-f",
+            "--no-recurse-submodules",
+            repoUrl,
+            `pull/${pr}/head:pr-${pr}`,
+        ]);
+    }
+    console.log("::endgroup::");
+}
+
+async function mergePullRequests(pulls, execa) {
+    let mergeResults = {};
+    console.log("::group::Merge pull requests");
+    await execa("git", ["config", "--global", "user.name", "yuzubot"]);
+    await execa("git", [
+        "config",
+        "--global",
+        "user.email",
+        "yuzu\x40yuzu-emu\x2eorg", // prevent email harvesters from scraping the address
+    ]);
+    let hasFailed = false;
+    for (let pull of pulls) {
+        let pr = pull.number;
+        console.info(`Merging PR ${pr} ...`);
+        try {
+            const process1 = execa("git", [
+                "merge",
+                "--squash",
+                "--no-edit",
+                `pr-${pr}`,
+            ]);
+            process1.stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
+            await process1;
+
+            const process2 = execa("git", ["commit", "-m", `Merge PR ${pr}`]);
+            process2.stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
+            await process2;
+
+            const process3 = await execa("git", ["rev-parse", "--short", `pr-${pr}`]);
+            mergeResults[pr] = {
+                success: true,
+                rev: process3.stdout,
+            };
+        } catch (err) {
+            console.log(
+                `::error title=#${pr} not merged::Failed to merge pull request: ${pr}: ${err}`
+            );
+            mergeResults[pr] = { success: false };
+            hasFailed = true;
+            await execa("git", ["reset", "--hard"]);
+        }
+    }
+    console.log("::endgroup::");
+    if (hasFailed) {
+        throw 'There are merge failures. Aborting!';
+    }
+    return mergeResults;
+}
+
+async function mergebot(github, context, execa) {
+    const query = `query ($owner:String!, $name:String!, $label:String!) {
+        repository(name:$name, owner:$owner) {
+            pullRequests(labels: [$label], states: OPEN, first: 100) {
+                nodes {
+                    number title author { login }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }`;
+    const variables = {
+        owner: context.repo.owner,
+        name: context.repo.repo,
+        label: CHANGE_LABEL,
+    };
+    const result = await github.graphql(query, variables);
+    const pulls = result.repository.pullRequests.nodes;
+    let displayList = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < pulls.length; i++) {
+        let pull = pulls[i];
+        displayList.push({ PR: pull.number, Title: pull.title });
+    }
+    console.info("The following pull requests will be merged:");
+    console.table(displayList);
+    await fetchPullRequests(pulls, "https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu", execa);
+    const mergeResults = await mergePullRequests(pulls, execa);
+    await generateReadme(pulls, context, mergeResults, execa);
+    await tagAndPush(github, context.repo.owner, `${context.repo.repo}-android`, execa, true);
+}
+
+module.exports.mergebot = mergebot;
+module.exports.checkAndroidChanges = checkAndroidChanges;
+module.exports.tagAndPush = tagAndPush;
+module.exports.checkBaseChanges = checkBaseChanges;

.github/workflows/android-publish.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+name: yuzu-android-publish
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '37 0 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      android:
+        description: 'Whether to trigger an Android build (true/false/auto)'
+        required: false
+        default: 'true'
+
+jobs:
+  android:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: ${{ github.event.inputs.android != 'false' && github.repository == 'yuzu-emu/yuzu' }}
+    steps:
+      # this checkout is required to make sure the GitHub Actions scripts are available
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        name: Pre-checkout
+        with:
+          submodules: false
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        id: check-changes
+        name: 'Check for new changes'
+        env:
+          # 24 hours
+          DETECTION_TIME_FRAME: 86400000
+        with:
+          script: |
+            if (context.payload.inputs && context.payload.inputs.android === 'true') return true;
+            const checkAndroidChanges = require('./.github/workflows/android-merge.js').checkAndroidChanges;
+            return checkAndroidChanges(github, context);
+      - run: npm install execa@5
+        if: ${{ steps.check-changes.outputs.result == 'true' }}
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        name: Checkout
+        if: ${{ steps.check-changes.outputs.result == 'true' }}
+        with:
+          path: 'yuzu-merge'
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          submodules: true
+          token: ${{ secrets.ALT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v5
+        name: 'Check and merge Android changes'
+        if: ${{ steps.check-changes.outputs.result == 'true' }}
+        env:
+          ALT_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.ALT_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const execa = require("execa");
+            const mergebot = require('./.github/workflows/android-merge.js').mergebot;
+            process.chdir('${{ github.workspace }}/yuzu-merge');
+            mergebot(github, context, execa);

.github/workflows/verify.yml

@@ -129,11 +129,12 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           submodules: recursive
+          fetch-depth: 0
       - name: set up JDK 17
         uses: actions/setup-java@v3
         with:
           java-version: '17'
-          distribution: 'adopt'
+          distribution: 'temurin'
       - name: Set up cache
         uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
@@ -151,7 +152,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y ccache apksigner glslang-dev glslang-tools
-          git -C ./externals/vcpkg/ fetch --all --unshallow
       - name: Build
         run: ./.ci/scripts/android/build.sh
       - name: Copy and sign artifacts

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ if (ENABLE_SDL2)
     if (YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_SDL2)
         # Detect toolchain and platform
         if ((MSVC_VERSION GREATER_EQUAL 1920 AND MSVC_VERSION LESS 1940) AND ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
-            set(SDL2_VER "SDL2-2.28.0")
+            set(SDL2_VER "SDL2-2.28.1")
         else()
             message(FATAL_ERROR "No bundled SDL2 binaries for your toolchain. Disable YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_SDL2 and provide your own.")
         endif()

src/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
         <activity
             android:name="org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.activities.EmulationActivity"
             android:theme="@style/Theme.Yuzu.Main"
+            android:launchMode="singleTop"
             android:screenOrientation="userLandscape"
             android:supportsPictureInPicture="true"
             android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|smallestScreenSize|screenLayout|uiMode"

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/activities/EmulationActivity.kt

@@ -34,11 +34,14 @@ import androidx.core.view.WindowCompat
 import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
 import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsControllerCompat
 import androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment
+import androidx.preference.PreferenceManager
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.NativeLibrary
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.R
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.YuzuApplication
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.databinding.ActivityEmulationBinding
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.BooleanSetting
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.IntSetting
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.Settings
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.SettingsViewModel
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.Game
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.ControllerMappingHelper
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@ import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.InputHandler
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.MemoryUtil
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.NfcReader
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.ThemeHelper
+import java.text.NumberFormat
 import kotlin.math.roundToInt
 
 class EmulationActivity : AppCompatActivity(), SensorEventListener {
@@ -106,17 +110,26 @@ class EmulationActivity : AppCompatActivity(), SensorEventListener {
         inputHandler = InputHandler()
         inputHandler.initialize()
 
-        val memoryUtil = MemoryUtil(this)
-        if (memoryUtil.isLessThan(8, MemoryUtil.Gb)) {
-            Toast.makeText(
-                this,
-                getString(
-                    R.string.device_memory_inadequate,
-                    memoryUtil.getDeviceRAM(),
-                    "8 ${getString(R.string.memory_gigabyte)}"
-                ),
-                Toast.LENGTH_LONG
-            ).show()
+        val preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(YuzuApplication.appContext)
+        if (!preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_MEMORY_WARNING_SHOWN, false)) {
+            if (MemoryUtil.isLessThan(MemoryUtil.REQUIRED_MEMORY, MemoryUtil.Gb)) {
+                Toast.makeText(
+                    this,
+                    getString(
+                        R.string.device_memory_inadequate,
+                        MemoryUtil.getDeviceRAM(),
+                        getString(
+                            R.string.memory_formatted,
+                            NumberFormat.getInstance().format(MemoryUtil.REQUIRED_MEMORY),
+                            getString(R.string.memory_gigabyte)
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG
+                ).show()
+                preferences.edit()
+                    .putBoolean(Settings.PREF_MEMORY_WARNING_SHOWN, true)
+                    .apply()
+            }
         }
 
         // Start a foreground service to prevent the app from getting killed in the background

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/Settings.kt

@@ -110,25 +110,38 @@ class Settings {
         const val SECTION_THEME = "Theme"
         const val SECTION_DEBUG = "Debug"
 
-        const val PREF_OVERLAY_INIT = "OverlayInit"
+        const val PREF_MEMORY_WARNING_SHOWN = "MemoryWarningShown"
+
+        const val PREF_OVERLAY_VERSION = "OverlayVersion"
+        const val PREF_LANDSCAPE_OVERLAY_VERSION = "LandscapeOverlayVersion"
+        const val PREF_PORTRAIT_OVERLAY_VERSION = "PortraitOverlayVersion"
+        const val PREF_FOLDABLE_OVERLAY_VERSION = "FoldableOverlayVersion"
+        val overlayLayoutPrefs = listOf(
+            PREF_LANDSCAPE_OVERLAY_VERSION,
+            PREF_PORTRAIT_OVERLAY_VERSION,
+            PREF_FOLDABLE_OVERLAY_VERSION
+        )
+
         const val PREF_CONTROL_SCALE = "controlScale"
         const val PREF_CONTROL_OPACITY = "controlOpacity"
         const val PREF_TOUCH_ENABLED = "isTouchEnabled"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_0 = "buttonToggle0"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_1 = "buttonToggle1"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_2 = "buttonToggle2"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_3 = "buttonToggle3"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_4 = "buttonToggle4"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_5 = "buttonToggle5"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_6 = "buttonToggle6"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_7 = "buttonToggle7"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_8 = "buttonToggle8"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_9 = "buttonToggle9"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_10 = "buttonToggle10"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_11 = "buttonToggle11"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_12 = "buttonToggle12"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_13 = "buttonToggle13"
-        const val PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_14 = "buttonToggle14"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_A = "buttonToggle0"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_B = "buttonToggle1"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_X = "buttonToggle2"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_Y = "buttonToggle3"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_L = "buttonToggle4"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_R = "buttonToggle5"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_ZL = "buttonToggle6"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_ZR = "buttonToggle7"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_PLUS = "buttonToggle8"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_MINUS = "buttonToggle9"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_DPAD = "buttonToggle10"
+        const val PREF_STICK_L = "buttonToggle11"
+        const val PREF_STICK_R = "buttonToggle12"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_STICK_L = "buttonToggle13"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_STICK_R = "buttonToggle14"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_HOME = "buttonToggle15"
+        const val PREF_BUTTON_SCREENSHOT = "buttonToggle16"
 
         const val PREF_MENU_SETTINGS_JOYSTICK_REL_CENTER = "EmulationMenuSettings_JoystickRelCenter"
         const val PREF_MENU_SETTINGS_DPAD_SLIDE = "EmulationMenuSettings_DpadSlideEnable"
@@ -143,6 +156,30 @@ class Settings {
 
         private val configFileSectionsMap: MutableMap<String, List<String>> = HashMap()
 
+        val overlayPreferences = listOf(
+            PREF_OVERLAY_VERSION,
+            PREF_CONTROL_SCALE,
+            PREF_CONTROL_OPACITY,
+            PREF_TOUCH_ENABLED,
+            PREF_BUTTON_A,
+            PREF_BUTTON_B,
+            PREF_BUTTON_X,
+            PREF_BUTTON_Y,
+            PREF_BUTTON_L,
+            PREF_BUTTON_R,
+            PREF_BUTTON_ZL,
+            PREF_BUTTON_ZR,
+            PREF_BUTTON_PLUS,
+            PREF_BUTTON_MINUS,
+            PREF_BUTTON_DPAD,
+            PREF_STICK_L,
+            PREF_STICK_R,
+            PREF_BUTTON_HOME,
+            PREF_BUTTON_SCREENSHOT,
+            PREF_BUTTON_STICK_L,
+            PREF_BUTTON_STICK_R
+        )
+
         const val LayoutOption_Unspecified = 0
         const val LayoutOption_MobilePortrait = 4
         const val LayoutOption_MobileLandscape = 5

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/fragments/EmulationFragment.kt

@@ -212,9 +212,9 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
             }
             if (!isInFoldableLayout) {
                 if (newConfig.orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT) {
-                    binding.surfaceInputOverlay.orientation = InputOverlay.PORTRAIT
+                    binding.surfaceInputOverlay.layout = InputOverlay.PORTRAIT
                 } else {
-                    binding.surfaceInputOverlay.orientation = InputOverlay.LANDSCAPE
+                    binding.surfaceInputOverlay.layout = InputOverlay.LANDSCAPE
                 }
             }
             if (!binding.surfaceInputOverlay.isInEditMode) {
@@ -260,7 +260,9 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
             .remove(Settings.PREF_CONTROL_SCALE)
             .remove(Settings.PREF_CONTROL_OPACITY)
             .apply()
-        binding.surfaceInputOverlay.post { binding.surfaceInputOverlay.resetButtonPlacement() }
+        binding.surfaceInputOverlay.post {
+            binding.surfaceInputOverlay.resetLayoutVisibilityAndPlacement()
+        }
     }
 
     private fun updateShowFpsOverlay() {
@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
                         binding.inGameMenu.layoutParams.height = it.bounds.bottom
 
                         isInFoldableLayout = true
-                        binding.surfaceInputOverlay.orientation = InputOverlay.FOLDABLE
+                        binding.surfaceInputOverlay.layout = InputOverlay.FOLDABLE
                         refreshInputOverlay()
                     }
                 }
@@ -410,9 +412,9 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
                 R.id.menu_toggle_controls -> {
                     val preferences =
                         PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(YuzuApplication.appContext)
-                    val optionsArray = BooleanArray(15)
-                    for (i in 0..14) {
-                        optionsArray[i] = preferences.getBoolean("buttonToggle$i", i < 13)
+                    val optionsArray = BooleanArray(Settings.overlayPreferences.size)
+                    Settings.overlayPreferences.forEachIndexed { i, _ ->
+                        optionsArray[i] = preferences.getBoolean("buttonToggle$i", i < 15)
                     }
 
                     val dialog = MaterialAlertDialogBuilder(requireContext())
@@ -436,7 +438,7 @@ class EmulationFragment : Fragment(), SurfaceHolder.Callback {
                     dialog.getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_NEUTRAL)
                         .setOnClickListener {
                             val isChecked = !optionsArray[0]
-                            for (i in 0..14) {
+                            Settings.overlayPreferences.forEachIndexed { i, _ ->
                                 optionsArray[i] = isChecked
                                 dialog.listView.setItemChecked(i, isChecked)
                                 preferences.edit()

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/overlay/InputOverlay.kt

@@ -51,15 +51,23 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
 
     private lateinit var windowInsets: WindowInsets
 
-    var orientation = LANDSCAPE
+    var layout = LANDSCAPE
 
     override fun onLayout(changed: Boolean, left: Int, top: Int, right: Int, bottom: Int) {
         super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom)
 
         windowInsets = rootWindowInsets
 
-        if (!preferences.getBoolean("${Settings.PREF_OVERLAY_INIT}$orientation", false)) {
-            defaultOverlay()
+        val overlayVersion = preferences.getInt(Settings.PREF_OVERLAY_VERSION, 0)
+        if (overlayVersion != OVERLAY_VERSION) {
+            resetAllLayouts()
+        } else {
+            val layoutIndex = overlayLayouts.indexOf(layout)
+            val currentLayoutVersion =
+                preferences.getInt(Settings.overlayLayoutPrefs[layoutIndex], 0)
+            if (currentLayoutVersion != overlayLayoutVersions[layoutIndex]) {
+                resetCurrentLayout()
+            }
         }
 
         // Load the controls.
@@ -266,10 +274,10 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                 MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP -> if (buttonBeingConfigured === button) {
                     // Persist button position by saving new place.
                     saveControlPosition(
-                        buttonBeingConfigured!!.buttonId,
+                        buttonBeingConfigured!!.prefId,
                         buttonBeingConfigured!!.bounds.centerX(),
                         buttonBeingConfigured!!.bounds.centerY(),
-                        orientation
+                        layout
                     )
                     buttonBeingConfigured = null
                 }
@@ -299,10 +307,10 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                 MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP -> if (dpadBeingConfigured === dpad) {
                     // Persist button position by saving new place.
                     saveControlPosition(
-                        dpadBeingConfigured!!.upId,
+                        Settings.PREF_BUTTON_DPAD,
                         dpadBeingConfigured!!.bounds.centerX(),
                         dpadBeingConfigured!!.bounds.centerY(),
-                        orientation
+                        layout
                     )
                     dpadBeingConfigured = null
                 }
@@ -330,10 +338,10 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                 MotionEvent.ACTION_UP,
                 MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP -> if (joystickBeingConfigured != null) {
                     saveControlPosition(
-                        joystickBeingConfigured!!.buttonId,
+                        joystickBeingConfigured!!.prefId,
                         joystickBeingConfigured!!.bounds.centerX(),
                         joystickBeingConfigured!!.bounds.centerY(),
-                        orientation
+                        layout
                     )
                     joystickBeingConfigured = null
                 }
@@ -343,9 +351,9 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
         return true
     }
 
-    private fun addOverlayControls(orientation: String) {
+    private fun addOverlayControls(layout: String) {
         val windowSize = getSafeScreenSize(context)
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_0, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_A, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -353,11 +361,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.facebutton_a,
                     R.drawable.facebutton_a_depressed,
                     ButtonType.BUTTON_A,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_A,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_1, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_B, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -365,11 +374,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.facebutton_b,
                     R.drawable.facebutton_b_depressed,
                     ButtonType.BUTTON_B,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_B,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_2, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_X, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -377,11 +387,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.facebutton_x,
                     R.drawable.facebutton_x_depressed,
                     ButtonType.BUTTON_X,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_X,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_3, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_Y, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -389,11 +400,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.facebutton_y,
                     R.drawable.facebutton_y_depressed,
                     ButtonType.BUTTON_Y,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_Y,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_4, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_L, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -401,11 +413,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.l_shoulder,
                     R.drawable.l_shoulder_depressed,
                     ButtonType.TRIGGER_L,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_L,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_5, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_R, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -413,11 +426,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.r_shoulder,
                     R.drawable.r_shoulder_depressed,
                     ButtonType.TRIGGER_R,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_R,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_6, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZL, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -425,11 +439,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.zl_trigger,
                     R.drawable.zl_trigger_depressed,
                     ButtonType.TRIGGER_ZL,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZL,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_7, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZR, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -437,11 +452,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.zr_trigger,
                     R.drawable.zr_trigger_depressed,
                     ButtonType.TRIGGER_ZR,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZR,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_8, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_PLUS, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -449,11 +465,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.facebutton_plus,
                     R.drawable.facebutton_plus_depressed,
                     ButtonType.BUTTON_PLUS,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_PLUS,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_9, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_MINUS, true)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -461,11 +478,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.facebutton_minus,
                     R.drawable.facebutton_minus_depressed,
                     ButtonType.BUTTON_MINUS,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_MINUS,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_10, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_DPAD, true)) {
             overlayDpads.add(
                 initializeOverlayDpad(
                     context,
@@ -473,11 +491,11 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.dpad_standard,
                     R.drawable.dpad_standard_cardinal_depressed,
                     R.drawable.dpad_standard_diagonal_depressed,
-                    orientation
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_11, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_STICK_L, true)) {
             overlayJoysticks.add(
                 initializeOverlayJoystick(
                     context,
@@ -487,11 +505,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.joystick_depressed,
                     StickType.STICK_L,
                     ButtonType.STICK_L,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_STICK_L,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_12, true)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_STICK_R, true)) {
             overlayJoysticks.add(
                 initializeOverlayJoystick(
                     context,
@@ -501,11 +520,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.joystick_depressed,
                     StickType.STICK_R,
                     ButtonType.STICK_R,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_STICK_R,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_13, false)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_HOME, false)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -513,11 +533,12 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.facebutton_home,
                     R.drawable.facebutton_home_depressed,
                     ButtonType.BUTTON_HOME,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_HOME,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
-        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_TOGGLE_14, false)) {
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_SCREENSHOT, false)) {
             overlayButtons.add(
                 initializeOverlayButton(
                     context,
@@ -525,7 +546,34 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                     R.drawable.facebutton_screenshot,
                     R.drawable.facebutton_screenshot_depressed,
                     ButtonType.BUTTON_CAPTURE,
-                    orientation
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_SCREENSHOT,
+                    layout
+                )
+            )
+        }
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_L, true)) {
+            overlayButtons.add(
+                initializeOverlayButton(
+                    context,
+                    windowSize,
+                    R.drawable.button_l3,
+                    R.drawable.button_l3_depressed,
+                    ButtonType.STICK_L,
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_L,
+                    layout
+                )
+            )
+        }
+        if (preferences.getBoolean(Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_R, true)) {
+            overlayButtons.add(
+                initializeOverlayButton(
+                    context,
+                    windowSize,
+                    R.drawable.button_r3,
+                    R.drawable.button_r3_depressed,
+                    ButtonType.STICK_R,
+                    Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_R,
+                    layout
                 )
             )
         }
@@ -539,18 +587,18 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
 
         // Add all the enabled overlay items back to the HashSet.
         if (EmulationMenuSettings.showOverlay) {
-            addOverlayControls(orientation)
+            addOverlayControls(layout)
         }
         invalidate()
     }
 
-    private fun saveControlPosition(sharedPrefsId: Int, x: Int, y: Int, orientation: String) {
+    private fun saveControlPosition(prefId: String, x: Int, y: Int, layout: String) {
         val windowSize = getSafeScreenSize(context)
         val min = windowSize.first
         val max = windowSize.second
         PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(YuzuApplication.appContext).edit()
-            .putFloat("$sharedPrefsId-X$orientation", (x - min.x).toFloat() / max.x)
-            .putFloat("$sharedPrefsId-Y$orientation", (y - min.y).toFloat() / max.y)
+            .putFloat("$prefId-X$layout", (x - min.x).toFloat() / max.x)
+            .putFloat("$prefId-Y$layout", (y - min.y).toFloat() / max.y)
             .apply()
     }
 
@@ -558,19 +606,31 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
         inEditMode = editMode
     }
 
-    private fun defaultOverlay() {
-        if (!preferences.getBoolean("${Settings.PREF_OVERLAY_INIT}$orientation", false)) {
-            defaultOverlayByLayout(orientation)
-        }
-
-        resetButtonPlacement()
+    private fun resetCurrentLayout() {
+        defaultOverlayByLayout(layout)
+        val layoutIndex = overlayLayouts.indexOf(layout)
         preferences.edit()
-            .putBoolean("${Settings.PREF_OVERLAY_INIT}$orientation", true)
+            .putInt(Settings.overlayLayoutPrefs[layoutIndex], overlayLayoutVersions[layoutIndex])
             .apply()
     }
 
-    fun resetButtonPlacement() {
-        defaultOverlayByLayout(orientation)
+    private fun resetAllLayouts() {
+        val editor = preferences.edit()
+        overlayLayouts.forEachIndexed { i, layout ->
+            defaultOverlayByLayout(layout)
+            editor.putInt(Settings.overlayLayoutPrefs[i], overlayLayoutVersions[i])
+        }
+        editor.putInt(Settings.PREF_OVERLAY_VERSION, OVERLAY_VERSION)
+        editor.apply()
+    }
+
+    fun resetLayoutVisibilityAndPlacement() {
+        defaultOverlayByLayout(layout)
+        val editor = preferences.edit()
+        Settings.overlayPreferences.forEachIndexed { _, pref ->
+            editor.remove(pref)
+        }
+        editor.apply()
         refreshControls()
     }
 
@@ -604,7 +664,11 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_R_X,
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_R_Y,
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_X,
-        R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_Y
+        R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_Y,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_X,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_Y,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_X,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_Y
     )
 
     private val portraitResources = arrayOf(
@@ -637,7 +701,11 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_R_X_PORTRAIT,
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_R_Y_PORTRAIT,
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_X_PORTRAIT,
-        R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_Y_PORTRAIT
+        R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_Y_PORTRAIT,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_X_PORTRAIT,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_Y_PORTRAIT,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_X_PORTRAIT,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_Y_PORTRAIT
     )
 
     private val foldableResources = arrayOf(
@@ -670,139 +738,159 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_R_X_FOLDABLE,
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_R_Y_FOLDABLE,
         R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_X_FOLDABLE,
-        R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_Y_FOLDABLE
+        R.integer.SWITCH_STICK_L_Y_FOLDABLE,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_X_FOLDABLE,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_Y_FOLDABLE,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_X_FOLDABLE,
+        R.integer.SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_Y_FOLDABLE
     )
 
-    private fun getResourceValue(orientation: String, position: Int): Float {
-        return when (orientation) {
+    private fun getResourceValue(layout: String, position: Int): Float {
+        return when (layout) {
             PORTRAIT -> resources.getInteger(portraitResources[position]).toFloat() / 1000
             FOLDABLE -> resources.getInteger(foldableResources[position]).toFloat() / 1000
             else -> resources.getInteger(landscapeResources[position]).toFloat() / 1000
         }
     }
 
-    private fun defaultOverlayByLayout(orientation: String) {
+    private fun defaultOverlayByLayout(layout: String) {
         // Each value represents the position of the button in relation to the screen size without insets.
         preferences.edit()
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_A.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 0)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_A}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 0)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_A.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 1)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_A}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 1)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_B.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 2)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_B}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 2)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_B.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 3)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_B}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 3)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_X.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 4)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_X}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 4)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_X.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 5)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_X}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 5)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_Y.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 6)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_Y}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 6)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_Y.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 7)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_Y}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 7)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_ZL.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 8)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZL}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 8)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_ZL.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 9)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZL}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 9)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_ZR.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 10)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZR}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 10)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_ZR.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 11)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZR}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 11)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.DPAD_UP.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 12)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_DPAD}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 12)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.DPAD_UP.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 13)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_DPAD}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 13)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_L.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 14)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_L}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 14)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_L.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 15)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_L}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 15)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_R.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 16)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_R}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 16)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_R.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 17)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_R}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 17)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_PLUS.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 18)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_PLUS}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 18)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_PLUS.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 19)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_PLUS}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 19)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_MINUS.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 20)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_MINUS}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 20)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_MINUS.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 21)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_MINUS}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 21)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_HOME.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 22)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_HOME}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 22)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_HOME.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 23)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_HOME}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 23)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_CAPTURE.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 24)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_SCREENSHOT}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 24)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_CAPTURE.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 25)
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_SCREENSHOT}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 25)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.STICK_R.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 26)
+                "${Settings.PREF_STICK_R}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 26)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.STICK_R.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 27)
+                "${Settings.PREF_STICK_R}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 27)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.STICK_L.toString() + "-X$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 28)
+                "${Settings.PREF_STICK_L}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 28)
             )
             .putFloat(
-                ButtonType.STICK_L.toString() + "-Y$orientation",
-                getResourceValue(orientation, 29)
+                "${Settings.PREF_STICK_L}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 29)
+            )
+            .putFloat(
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_L}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 30)
+            )
+            .putFloat(
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_L}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 31)
+            )
+            .putFloat(
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_R}-X$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 32)
+            )
+            .putFloat(
+                "${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_R}-Y$layout",
+                getResourceValue(layout, 33)
             )
             .apply()
     }
@@ -812,12 +900,30 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
     }
 
     companion object {
+        // Increase this number every time there is a breaking change to every overlay layout
+        const val OVERLAY_VERSION = 1
+
+        // Increase the corresponding layout version number whenever that layout has a breaking change
+        private const val LANDSCAPE_OVERLAY_VERSION = 1
+        private const val PORTRAIT_OVERLAY_VERSION = 1
+        private const val FOLDABLE_OVERLAY_VERSION = 1
+        val overlayLayoutVersions = listOf(
+            LANDSCAPE_OVERLAY_VERSION,
+            PORTRAIT_OVERLAY_VERSION,
+            FOLDABLE_OVERLAY_VERSION
+        )
+
         private val preferences: SharedPreferences =
             PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(YuzuApplication.appContext)
 
-        const val LANDSCAPE = ""
+        const val LANDSCAPE = "_Landscape"
         const val PORTRAIT = "_Portrait"
         const val FOLDABLE = "_Foldable"
+        val overlayLayouts = listOf(
+            LANDSCAPE,
+            PORTRAIT,
+            FOLDABLE
+        )
 
         /**
          * Resizes a [Bitmap] by a given scale factor
@@ -948,6 +1054,8 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
          * @param defaultResId The resource ID of the [Drawable] to get the [Bitmap] of (Default State).
          * @param pressedResId The resource ID of the [Drawable] to get the [Bitmap] of (Pressed State).
          * @param buttonId     Identifier for determining what type of button the initialized InputOverlayDrawableButton represents.
+         * @param prefId       Identifier for determining where a button appears on screen.
+         * @param layout       The current screen layout as determined by [LANDSCAPE], [PORTRAIT], or [FOLDABLE].
          * @return An [InputOverlayDrawableButton] with the correct drawing bounds set.
          */
         private fun initializeOverlayButton(
@@ -956,7 +1064,8 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
             defaultResId: Int,
             pressedResId: Int,
             buttonId: Int,
-            orientation: String
+            prefId: String,
+            layout: String
         ): InputOverlayDrawableButton {
             // Resources handle for fetching the initial Drawable resource.
             val res = context.resources
@@ -964,17 +1073,20 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
             // SharedPreference to retrieve the X and Y coordinates for the InputOverlayDrawableButton.
             val sPrefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(YuzuApplication.appContext)
 
-            // Decide scale based on button ID and user preference
-            var scale: Float = when (buttonId) {
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_HOME,
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_CAPTURE,
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_PLUS,
-                ButtonType.BUTTON_MINUS -> 0.07f
+            // Decide scale based on button preference ID and user preference
+            var scale: Float = when (prefId) {
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_HOME,
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_SCREENSHOT,
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_PLUS,
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_MINUS -> 0.07f
 
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_L,
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_R,
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_ZL,
-                ButtonType.TRIGGER_ZR -> 0.26f
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_L,
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_R,
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZL,
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_ZR -> 0.26f
+
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_L,
+                Settings.PREF_BUTTON_STICK_R -> 0.155f
 
                 else -> 0.11f
             }
@@ -984,8 +1096,13 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
             // Initialize the InputOverlayDrawableButton.
             val defaultStateBitmap = getBitmap(context, defaultResId, scale)
             val pressedStateBitmap = getBitmap(context, pressedResId, scale)
-            val overlayDrawable =
-                InputOverlayDrawableButton(res, defaultStateBitmap, pressedStateBitmap, buttonId)
+            val overlayDrawable = InputOverlayDrawableButton(
+                res,
+                defaultStateBitmap,
+                pressedStateBitmap,
+                buttonId,
+                prefId
+            )
 
             // Get the minimum and maximum coordinates of the screen where the button can be placed.
             val min = windowSize.first
@@ -993,8 +1110,8 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
 
             // The X and Y coordinates of the InputOverlayDrawableButton on the InputOverlay.
             // These were set in the input overlay configuration menu.
-            val xKey = "$buttonId-X$orientation"
-            val yKey = "$buttonId-Y$orientation"
+            val xKey = "$prefId-X$layout"
+            val yKey = "$prefId-Y$layout"
             val drawableXPercent = sPrefs.getFloat(xKey, 0f)
             val drawableYPercent = sPrefs.getFloat(yKey, 0f)
             val drawableX = (drawableXPercent * max.x + min.x).toInt()
@@ -1029,7 +1146,8 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
          * @param defaultResId              The [Bitmap] resource ID of the default state.
          * @param pressedOneDirectionResId  The [Bitmap] resource ID of the pressed state in one direction.
          * @param pressedTwoDirectionsResId The [Bitmap] resource ID of the pressed state in two directions.
-         * @return the initialized [InputOverlayDrawableDpad]
+         * @param layout                    The current screen layout as determined by [LANDSCAPE], [PORTRAIT], or [FOLDABLE].
+         * @return The initialized [InputOverlayDrawableDpad]
          */
         private fun initializeOverlayDpad(
             context: Context,
@@ -1037,7 +1155,7 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
             defaultResId: Int,
             pressedOneDirectionResId: Int,
             pressedTwoDirectionsResId: Int,
-            orientation: String
+            layout: String
         ): InputOverlayDrawableDpad {
             // Resources handle for fetching the initial Drawable resource.
             val res = context.resources
@@ -1074,8 +1192,8 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
 
             // The X and Y coordinates of the InputOverlayDrawableDpad on the InputOverlay.
             // These were set in the input overlay configuration menu.
-            val drawableXPercent = sPrefs.getFloat("${ButtonType.DPAD_UP}-X$orientation", 0f)
-            val drawableYPercent = sPrefs.getFloat("${ButtonType.DPAD_UP}-Y$orientation", 0f)
+            val drawableXPercent = sPrefs.getFloat("${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_DPAD}-X$layout", 0f)
+            val drawableYPercent = sPrefs.getFloat("${Settings.PREF_BUTTON_DPAD}-Y$layout", 0f)
             val drawableX = (drawableXPercent * max.x + min.x).toInt()
             val drawableY = (drawableYPercent * max.y + min.y).toInt()
             val width = overlayDrawable.width
@@ -1107,7 +1225,9 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
          * @param pressedResInner Resource ID for the pressed inner image of the joystick.
          * @param joystick        Identifier for which joystick this is.
          * @param button          Identifier for which joystick button this is.
-         * @return the initialized [InputOverlayDrawableJoystick].
+         * @param prefId          Identifier for determining where a button appears on screen.
+         * @param layout          The current screen layout as determined by [LANDSCAPE], [PORTRAIT], or [FOLDABLE].
+         * @return The initialized [InputOverlayDrawableJoystick].
          */
         private fun initializeOverlayJoystick(
             context: Context,
@@ -1117,7 +1237,8 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
             pressedResInner: Int,
             joystick: Int,
             button: Int,
-            orientation: String
+            prefId: String,
+            layout: String
         ): InputOverlayDrawableJoystick {
             // Resources handle for fetching the initial Drawable resource.
             val res = context.resources
@@ -1141,8 +1262,8 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
 
             // The X and Y coordinates of the InputOverlayDrawableButton on the InputOverlay.
             // These were set in the input overlay configuration menu.
-            val drawableXPercent = sPrefs.getFloat("$button-X$orientation", 0f)
-            val drawableYPercent = sPrefs.getFloat("$button-Y$orientation", 0f)
+            val drawableXPercent = sPrefs.getFloat("$prefId-X$layout", 0f)
+            val drawableYPercent = sPrefs.getFloat("$prefId-Y$layout", 0f)
             val drawableX = (drawableXPercent * max.x + min.x).toInt()
             val drawableY = (drawableYPercent * max.y + min.y).toInt()
             val outerScale = 1.66f
@@ -1168,7 +1289,8 @@ class InputOverlay(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
                 outerRect,
                 innerRect,
                 joystick,
-                button
+                button,
+                prefId
             )
 
             // Need to set the image's position

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/overlay/InputOverlayDrawableButton.kt

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ class InputOverlayDrawableButton(
     res: Resources,
     defaultStateBitmap: Bitmap,
     pressedStateBitmap: Bitmap,
-    val buttonId: Int
+    val buttonId: Int,
+    val prefId: String
 ) {
     // The ID value what motion event is tracking
     var trackId: Int

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/overlay/InputOverlayDrawableJoystick.kt

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ class InputOverlayDrawableJoystick(
     rectOuter: Rect,
     rectInner: Rect,
     val joystickId: Int,
-    val buttonId: Int
+    val buttonId: Int,
+    val prefId: String
 ) {
     // The ID value what motion event is tracking
     var trackId = -1

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/utils/MemoryUtil.kt

@@ -5,35 +5,101 @@ package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils
 
 import android.app.ActivityManager
 import android.content.Context
+import android.os.Build
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.R
+import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.YuzuApplication
 import java.util.Locale
+import kotlin.math.ceil
 
-class MemoryUtil(val context: Context) {
+object MemoryUtil {
+    private val context get() = YuzuApplication.appContext
 
-    private val Long.floatForm: String
-        get() = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.2f", this.toDouble())
+    private val Float.hundredths: String
+        get() = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.2f", this)
 
-    private fun bytesToSizeUnit(size: Long): String {
-        return when {
-            size < Kb -> "${size.floatForm} ${context.getString(R.string.memory_byte)}"
-            size < Mb -> "${(size / Kb).floatForm} ${context.getString(R.string.memory_kilobyte)}"
-            size < Gb -> "${(size / Mb).floatForm} ${context.getString(R.string.memory_megabyte)}"
-            size < Tb -> "${(size / Gb).floatForm} ${context.getString(R.string.memory_gigabyte)}"
-            size < Pb -> "${(size / Tb).floatForm} ${context.getString(R.string.memory_terabyte)}"
-            size < Eb -> "${(size / Pb).floatForm} ${context.getString(R.string.memory_petabyte)}"
-            else -> "${(size / Eb).floatForm} ${context.getString(R.string.memory_exabyte)}"
+    // Required total system memory
+    const val REQUIRED_MEMORY = 8
+
+    const val Kb: Float = 1024F
+    const val Mb = Kb * 1024
+    const val Gb = Mb * 1024
+    const val Tb = Gb * 1024
+    const val Pb = Tb * 1024
+    const val Eb = Pb * 1024
+
+    private fun bytesToSizeUnit(size: Float): String =
+        when {
+            size < Kb -> {
+                context.getString(
+                    R.string.memory_formatted,
+                    size.hundredths,
+                    context.getString(R.string.memory_byte)
+                )
+            }
+            size < Mb -> {
+                context.getString(
+                    R.string.memory_formatted,
+                    (size / Kb).hundredths,
+                    context.getString(R.string.memory_kilobyte)
+                )
+            }
+            size < Gb -> {
+                context.getString(
+                    R.string.memory_formatted,
+                    (size / Mb).hundredths,
+                    context.getString(R.string.memory_megabyte)
+                )
+            }
+            size < Tb -> {
+                context.getString(
+                    R.string.memory_formatted,
+                    (size / Gb).hundredths,
+                    context.getString(R.string.memory_gigabyte)
+                )
+            }
+            size < Pb -> {
+                context.getString(
+                    R.string.memory_formatted,
+                    (size / Tb).hundredths,
+                    context.getString(R.string.memory_terabyte)
+                )
+            }
+            size < Eb -> {
+                context.getString(
+                    R.string.memory_formatted,
+                    (size / Pb).hundredths,
+                    context.getString(R.string.memory_petabyte)
+                )
+            }
+            else -> {
+                context.getString(
+                    R.string.memory_formatted,
+                    (size / Eb).hundredths,
+                    context.getString(R.string.memory_exabyte)
+                )
+            }
         }
-    }
 
-    private val totalMemory =
-        with(context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager) {
+    // Devices are unlikely to have 0.5GB increments of memory so we'll just round up to account for
+    // the potential error created by memInfo.totalMem
+    private val totalMemory: Float
+        get() {
             val memInfo = ActivityManager.MemoryInfo()
-            getMemoryInfo(memInfo)
-            memInfo.totalMem
+            with(context.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE) as ActivityManager) {
+                getMemoryInfo(memInfo)
+            }
+
+            return ceil(
+                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
+                    memInfo.advertisedMem.toFloat()
+                } else {
+                    memInfo.totalMem.toFloat()
+                }
+            )
         }
 
-    fun isLessThan(minimum: Int, size: Long): Boolean {
-        return when (size) {
+    fun isLessThan(minimum: Int, size: Float): Boolean =
+        when (size) {
             Kb -> totalMemory < Mb && totalMemory < minimum
             Mb -> totalMemory < Gb && (totalMemory / Mb) < minimum
             Gb -> totalMemory < Tb && (totalMemory / Gb) < minimum
@@ -42,18 +108,6 @@ class MemoryUtil(val context: Context) {
             Eb -> totalMemory / Eb < minimum
             else -> totalMemory < Kb && totalMemory < minimum
         }
-    }
 
-    fun getDeviceRAM(): String {
-        return bytesToSizeUnit(totalMemory)
-    }
-
-    companion object {
-        const val Kb: Long = 1024
-        const val Mb = Kb * 1024
-        const val Gb = Mb * 1024
-        const val Tb = Gb * 1024
-        const val Pb = Tb * 1024
-        const val Eb = Pb * 1024
-    }
+    fun getDeviceRAM(): String = bytesToSizeUnit(totalMemory)
 }

src/android/app/src/main/res/drawable/button_l3.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:aapt="http://schemas.android.com/aapt"
+    android:width="34.963dp"
+    android:height="37.265dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="34.963"
+    android:viewportHeight="37.265">
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.5"
+        android:pathData="M19.451,19.024A3.498,3.498 0,0 0,21.165 19.508c1.336,0 1.749,-0.852 1.738,-1.49 0,-1.077 -0.982,-1.537 -1.987,-1.537L20.327,16.481L20.327,15.7L20.901,15.7c0.757,0 1.714,-0.392 1.714,-1.302C22.621,13.785 22.224,13.229 21.271,13.229a2.834,2.834 0,0 0,-1.537 0.529l-0.265,-0.757a3.662,3.662 0,0 1,2.008 -0.59c1.513,0 2.201,0.897 2.201,1.834 0,0.794 -0.474,1.466 -1.421,1.807l0,0.024c0.947,0.19 1.714,0.9 1.714,1.976C23.967,19.27 23.017,20.346 21.165,20.346a3.929,3.929 135,0 1,-1.998 -0.529z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="21.568"
+                android:endY="33.938"
+                android:startX="21.568"
+                android:startY="16.14"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.5"
+        android:pathData="M16.062,9.353 L9.624,3.405A1.963,1.963 0,0 1,10.955 0l12.88,0a1.963,1.963 135,0 1,1.323 3.405L18.726,9.353a1.961,1.961 135,0 1,-2.664 0z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="17.395"
+                android:endY="18.74"
+                android:startX="17.395"
+                android:startY="-1.296"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.5"
+        android:pathData="m25.79,5.657l0,0a2.09,2.09 45,0 0,0.23 3.262c3.522,2.402 4.762,5.927 4.741,10.52A13.279,13.279 135,0 1,4.206 19.365c0,-4.516 0.931,-7.71 4.374,-10.107a2.098,2.098 0,0 0,0.233 -3.265l0,0a2.101,2.101 135,0 0,-2.646 -0.169C1.433,9.133 -0.266,13.941 0.033,20.233a17.468,17.468 0,0 0,34.925 -0.868c0,-6.006 -1.971,-10.771 -6.585,-13.917a2.088,2.088 45,0 0,-2.582 0.209z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:centerX="17.477"
+                android:centerY="19.92"
+                android:gradientRadius="17.201"
+                android:type="radial">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0.58" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC6C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.84" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.88" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC2C2C2"
+                    android:offset="0.91" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.94" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FF9E9E9E"
+                    android:offset="0.98" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FF8F8F8F"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.5"
+        android:pathData="m12.516,12.729l2,0l0,13.822l6.615,0l0,1.68L12.516,28.231Z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="16.829"
+                android:endY="46.882"
+                android:startX="16.829"
+                android:startY="20.479"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+</vector>

src/android/app/src/main/res/drawable/button_l3_depressed.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:aapt="http://schemas.android.com/aapt"
+    android:width="34.963dp"
+    android:height="37.265dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="34.963"
+    android:viewportHeight="37.265">
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.3"
+        android:fillColor="#151515"
+        android:pathData="M16.062,9.353 L9.624,3.405A1.963,1.963 0,0 1,10.955 0l12.88,0a1.963,1.963 135,0 1,1.323 3.405L18.726,9.353a1.961,1.961 135,0 1,-2.664 0z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.3" />
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.6"
+        android:fillColor="#151515"
+        android:pathData="m25.79,5.657l0,0a2.09,2.09 45,0 0,0.23 3.262c3.522,2.402 4.762,5.927 4.741,10.52A13.279,13.279 135,0 1,4.206 19.365c0,-4.516 0.931,-7.71 4.374,-10.107a2.098,2.098 0,0 0,0.233 -3.265l0,0a2.101,2.101 135,0 0,-2.646 -0.169C1.433,9.133 -0.266,13.941 0.033,20.233a17.468,17.468 0,0 0,34.925 -0.868c0,-6.006 -1.971,-10.771 -6.585,-13.917a2.088,2.088 45,0 0,-2.582 0.209z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6" />
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.6"
+        android:pathData="M19.451,19.024A3.498,3.498 0,0 0,21.165 19.508c1.336,0 1.749,-0.852 1.738,-1.49 0,-1.077 -0.982,-1.537 -1.987,-1.537L20.327,16.481L20.327,15.7L20.901,15.7c0.757,0 1.714,-0.392 1.714,-1.302C22.621,13.785 22.224,13.229 21.271,13.229a2.834,2.834 0,0 0,-1.537 0.529l-0.265,-0.757a3.662,3.662 0,0 1,2.008 -0.59c1.513,0 2.201,0.897 2.201,1.834 0,0.794 -0.474,1.466 -1.421,1.807l0,0.024c0.947,0.19 1.714,0.9 1.714,1.976C23.967,19.27 23.017,20.346 21.165,20.346a3.929,3.929 135,0 1,-1.998 -0.529z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="21.568"
+                android:endY="33.938"
+                android:startX="21.568"
+                android:startY="16.14"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.6"
+        android:pathData="m12.516,12.729l2,0l0,13.822l6.615,0l0,1.68L12.516,28.231Z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="16.829"
+                android:endY="46.882"
+                android:startX="16.829"
+                android:startY="20.479"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+</vector>

src/android/app/src/main/res/drawable/button_r3.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:aapt="http://schemas.android.com/aapt"
+    android:width="34.963dp"
+    android:height="37.265dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="34.963"
+    android:viewportHeight="37.265">
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.5"
+        android:pathData="m10.781,12.65a19.579,19.579 0,0 1,3.596 -0.302c2.003,0 3.294,0.368 4.199,1.185a3.622,3.622 0,0 1,1.14 2.757c0,1.916 -1.206,3.175 -2.733,3.704l0,0.063c1.119,0.386 1.786,1.421 2.117,2.929 0.474,2.024 0.818,3.424 1.119,3.982l-1.924,0c-0.238,-0.407 -0.561,-1.656 -0.968,-3.466 -0.431,-2.003 -1.206,-2.757 -2.91,-2.82l-1.762,0l0,6.286l-1.873,0zM12.654,19.264l1.916,0c2.003,0 3.273,-1.098 3.273,-2.757 0,-1.873 -1.357,-2.691 -3.336,-2.712a7.649,7.649 0,0 0,-1.852 0.172z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="15.506"
+                android:endY="48.977"
+                android:startX="15.506"
+                android:startY="19.659"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.5"
+        android:pathData="M16.062,9.353 L9.624,3.405A1.963,1.963 0,0 1,10.955 0l12.88,0a1.963,1.963 135,0 1,1.323 3.405L18.726,9.353a1.961,1.961 135,0 1,-2.664 0z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="17.395"
+                android:endY="18.74"
+                android:startX="17.395"
+                android:startY="-1.296"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.5"
+        android:pathData="m25.79,5.657l0,0a2.09,2.09 45,0 0,0.23 3.262c3.522,2.402 4.762,5.927 4.741,10.52A13.279,13.279 135,0 1,4.206 19.365c0,-4.516 0.931,-7.71 4.374,-10.107a2.098,2.098 0,0 0,0.233 -3.265l0,0a2.101,2.101 135,0 0,-2.646 -0.169C1.433,9.133 -0.266,13.941 0.033,20.233a17.468,17.468 0,0 0,34.925 -0.868c0,-6.006 -1.971,-10.771 -6.585,-13.917a2.088,2.088 45,0 0,-2.582 0.209z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:centerX="17.477"
+                android:centerY="19.92"
+                android:gradientRadius="17.201"
+                android:type="radial">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0.58" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC6C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.84" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.88" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC2C2C2"
+                    android:offset="0.91" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.94" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FF9E9E9E"
+                    android:offset="0.98" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FF8F8F8F"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.5"
+        android:pathData="M21.832,19.024A3.498,3.498 0,0 0,23.547 19.508c1.336,0 1.749,-0.852 1.738,-1.49 0,-1.077 -0.982,-1.537 -1.987,-1.537L22.708,16.481L22.708,15.7L23.282,15.7c0.757,0 1.714,-0.392 1.714,-1.302C25.002,13.785 24.605,13.229 23.652,13.229a2.834,2.834 0,0 0,-1.537 0.529l-0.265,-0.757a3.662,3.662 0,0 1,2.008 -0.59c1.513,0 2.201,0.897 2.201,1.834 0,0.794 -0.474,1.466 -1.421,1.807l0,0.024c0.947,0.19 1.714,0.9 1.714,1.976C26.349,19.27 25.399,20.346 23.547,20.346a3.929,3.929 135,0 1,-1.998 -0.529z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="23.949"
+                android:endY="33.938"
+                android:startX="23.949"
+                android:startY="16.14"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+</vector>

src/android/app/src/main/res/drawable/button_r3_depressed.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:aapt="http://schemas.android.com/aapt"
+    android:width="34.963dp"
+    android:height="37.265dp"
+    android:viewportWidth="34.963"
+    android:viewportHeight="37.265">
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.3"
+        android:fillColor="#151515"
+        android:pathData="M16.062,9.353 L9.624,3.405A1.963,1.963 0,0 1,10.955 0l12.88,0a1.963,1.963 135,0 1,1.323 3.405L18.726,9.353a1.961,1.961 135,0 1,-2.664 0z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.3" />
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.6"
+        android:fillColor="#151515"
+        android:pathData="m25.79,5.657l0,0a2.09,2.09 45,0 0,0.23 3.262c3.522,2.402 4.762,5.927 4.741,10.52A13.279,13.279 135,0 1,4.206 19.365c0,-4.516 0.931,-7.71 4.374,-10.107a2.098,2.098 0,0 0,0.233 -3.265l0,0a2.101,2.101 135,0 0,-2.646 -0.169C1.433,9.133 -0.266,13.941 0.033,20.233a17.468,17.468 0,0 0,34.925 -0.868c0,-6.006 -1.971,-10.771 -6.585,-13.917a2.088,2.088 45,0 0,-2.582 0.209z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6" />
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.6"
+        android:pathData="m10.781,12.65a19.579,19.579 0,0 1,3.596 -0.302c2.003,0 3.294,0.368 4.199,1.185a3.622,3.622 0,0 1,1.14 2.757c0,1.916 -1.206,3.175 -2.733,3.704l0,0.063c1.119,0.386 1.786,1.421 2.117,2.929 0.474,2.024 0.818,3.424 1.119,3.982l-1.924,0c-0.238,-0.407 -0.561,-1.656 -0.968,-3.466 -0.431,-2.003 -1.206,-2.757 -2.91,-2.82l-1.762,0l0,6.286l-1.873,0zM12.654,19.264l1.916,0c2.003,0 3.273,-1.098 3.273,-2.757 0,-1.873 -1.357,-2.691 -3.336,-2.712a7.649,7.649 0,0 0,-1.852 0.172z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="15.506"
+                android:endY="48.977"
+                android:startX="15.506"
+                android:startY="19.659"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+    <path
+        android:fillAlpha="0.6"
+        android:pathData="M21.832,19.024A3.498,3.498 0,0 0,23.547 19.508c1.336,0 1.749,-0.852 1.738,-1.49 0,-1.077 -0.982,-1.537 -1.987,-1.537L22.708,16.481L22.708,15.7L23.282,15.7c0.757,0 1.714,-0.392 1.714,-1.302C25.002,13.785 24.605,13.229 23.652,13.229a2.834,2.834 0,0 0,-1.537 0.529l-0.265,-0.757a3.662,3.662 0,0 1,2.008 -0.59c1.513,0 2.201,0.897 2.201,1.834 0,0.794 -0.474,1.466 -1.421,1.807l0,0.024c0.947,0.19 1.714,0.9 1.714,1.976C26.349,19.27 25.399,20.346 23.547,20.346a3.929,3.929 135,0 1,-1.998 -0.529z"
+        android:strokeAlpha="0.6">
+        <aapt:attr name="android:fillColor">
+            <gradient
+                android:endX="23.949"
+                android:endY="33.938"
+                android:startX="23.949"
+                android:startY="16.14"
+                android:type="linear">
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC3C4C5"
+                    android:offset="0" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC5C6C6"
+                    android:offset="0.03" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#FFC7C7C7"
+                    android:offset="0.19" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#DBB5B5B5"
+                    android:offset="0.44" />
+                <item
+                    android:color="#7F878787"
+                    android:offset="1" />
+            </gradient>
+        </aapt:attr>
+    </path>
+</vector>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values/arrays.xml

@@ -205,6 +205,8 @@
         <item>@string/gamepad_d_pad</item>
         <item>@string/gamepad_left_stick</item>
         <item>@string/gamepad_right_stick</item>
+        <item>L3</item>
+        <item>R3</item>
         <item>@string/gamepad_home</item>
         <item>@string/gamepad_screenshot</item>
     </string-array>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values/integers.xml

@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_CAPTURE_Y">950</integer>
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_DPAD_X">260</integer>
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_DPAD_Y">790</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_X">870</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_Y">400</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_X">960</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_Y">430</integer>
 
     <!-- Default SWITCH portrait layout -->
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_A_X_PORTRAIT">840</integer>
@@ -65,6 +69,10 @@
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_CAPTURE_Y_PORTRAIT">950</integer>
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_DPAD_X_PORTRAIT">240</integer>
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_DPAD_Y_PORTRAIT">840</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_X_PORTRAIT">730</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_Y_PORTRAIT">510</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_X_PORTRAIT">900</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_Y_PORTRAIT">540</integer>
 
     <!-- Default SWITCH foldable layout -->
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_A_X_FOLDABLE">840</integer>
@@ -97,5 +105,9 @@
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_CAPTURE_Y_FOLDABLE">470</integer>
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_DPAD_X_FOLDABLE">240</integer>
     <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_DPAD_Y_FOLDABLE">390</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_X_FOLDABLE">550</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_L_Y_FOLDABLE">210</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_X_FOLDABLE">550</integer>
+    <integer name="SWITCH_BUTTON_STICK_R_Y_FOLDABLE">280</integer>
 
 </resources>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml

@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@
     <string name="fatal_error_message">A fatal error occurred. Check the log for details.\nContinuing emulation may result in crashes and bugs.</string>
     <string name="performance_warning">Turning off this setting will significantly reduce emulation performance! For the best experience, it is recommended that you leave this setting enabled.</string>
     <string name="device_memory_inadequate">Device RAM: %1$s\nRecommended: %2$s</string>
+    <string name="memory_formatted">%1$s %2$s</string>
 
     <!-- Region Names -->
     <string name="region_japan">Japan</string>

src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "audio_core/sink/sink_stream.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/fixed_point.h"
+#include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
@@ -19,9 +20,12 @@
 namespace AudioCore::Sink {
 
 void SinkStream::AppendBuffer(SinkBuffer& buffer, std::span<s16> samples) {
-    if (type == StreamType::In) {
+    SCOPE_EXIT({
         queue.enqueue(buffer);
-        queued_buffers++;
+        ++queued_buffers;
+    });
+
+    if (type == StreamType::In) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -66,16 +70,17 @@ void SinkStream::AppendBuffer(SinkBuffer& buffer, std::span<s16> samples) {
                 static_cast<s16>(std::clamp(right_sample, min, max));
         }
 
-        samples = samples.subspan(0, samples.size() / system_channels * device_channels);
+        samples_buffer.Push(samples.subspan(0, samples.size() / system_channels * device_channels));
+        return;
+    }
 
-    } else if (system_channels == 2 && device_channels == 6) {
+    if (system_channels == 2 && device_channels == 6) {
         // We need moar samples! Not all games will provide 6 channel audio.
         // TODO: Implement some upmixing here. Currently just passthrough, with other
         // channels left as silence.
-        auto new_size = samples.size() / system_channels * device_channels;
-        tmp_samples.resize_destructive(new_size);
+        std::vector<s16> new_samples(samples.size() / system_channels * device_channels);
 
-        for (u32 read_index = 0, write_index = 0; read_index < new_size;
+        for (u32 read_index = 0, write_index = 0; read_index < samples.size();
              read_index += system_channels, write_index += device_channels) {
             const auto left_sample{static_cast<s16>(std::clamp(
                 static_cast<s32>(
@@ -83,7 +88,7 @@ void SinkStream::AppendBuffer(SinkBuffer& buffer, std::span<s16> samples) {
                     volume),
                 min, max))};
 
-            tmp_samples[write_index + static_cast<u32>(Channels::FrontLeft)] = left_sample;
+            new_samples[write_index + static_cast<u32>(Channels::FrontLeft)] = left_sample;
 
             const auto right_sample{static_cast<s16>(std::clamp(
                 static_cast<s32>(
@@ -91,20 +96,21 @@ void SinkStream::AppendBuffer(SinkBuffer& buffer, std::span<s16> samples) {
                     volume),
                 min, max))};
 
-            tmp_samples[write_index + static_cast<u32>(Channels::FrontRight)] = right_sample;
+            new_samples[write_index + static_cast<u32>(Channels::FrontRight)] = right_sample;
         }
-        samples = std::span<s16>(tmp_samples);
 
-    } else if (volume != 1.0f) {
-        for (u32 i = 0; i < samples.size(); i++) {
+        samples_buffer.Push(new_samples);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (volume != 1.0f) {
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < samples.size(); ++i) {
             samples[i] = static_cast<s16>(
                 std::clamp(static_cast<s32>(static_cast<f32>(samples[i]) * volume), min, max));
         }
     }
 
     samples_buffer.Push(samples);
-    queue.enqueue(buffer);
-    queued_buffers++;
 }
 
 std::vector<s16> SinkStream::ReleaseBuffer(u64 num_samples) {

src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.h

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include "common/polyfill_thread.h"
 #include "common/reader_writer_queue.h"
 #include "common/ring_buffer.h"
-#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "common/thread.h"
 
 namespace Core {
@@ -256,8 +255,6 @@ private:
     /// Signalled when ring buffer entries are consumed
     std::condition_variable_any release_cv;
     std::mutex release_mutex;
-    /// Temporary buffer for appending samples when upmixing
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<s16> tmp_samples{};
 };
 
 using SinkStreamPtr = std::unique_ptr<SinkStream>;

src/common/ring_buffer.h

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public:
         return push_count;
     }
 
-    std::size_t Push(const std::span<T> input) {
+    std::size_t Push(std::span<const T> input) {
         return Push(input.data(), input.size());
     }
 

src/common/scratch_buffer.h

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 #include <iterator>
 
-#include "common/concepts.h"
 #include "common/make_unique_for_overwrite.h"
 
 namespace Common {
@@ -19,15 +18,22 @@ namespace Common {
 template <typename T>
 class ScratchBuffer {
 public:
-    using iterator = T*;
-    using const_iterator = const T*;
-    using value_type = T;
     using element_type = T;
-    using iterator_category = std::contiguous_iterator_tag;
+    using value_type = T;
+    using size_type = size_t;
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using pointer = T*;
+    using const_pointer = const T*;
+    using reference = T&;
+    using const_reference = const T&;
+    using iterator = pointer;
+    using const_iterator = const_pointer;
+    using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
+    using iterator_concept = std::contiguous_iterator_tag;
 
     ScratchBuffer() = default;
 
-    explicit ScratchBuffer(size_t initial_capacity)
+    explicit ScratchBuffer(size_type initial_capacity)
         : last_requested_size{initial_capacity}, buffer_capacity{initial_capacity},
           buffer{Common::make_unique_for_overwrite<T[]>(initial_capacity)} {}
 
@@ -39,7 +45,7 @@ public:
 
     /// This will only grow the buffer's capacity if size is greater than the current capacity.
     /// The previously held data will remain intact.
-    void resize(size_t size) {
+    void resize(size_type size) {
         if (size > buffer_capacity) {
             auto new_buffer = Common::make_unique_for_overwrite<T[]>(size);
             std::move(buffer.get(), buffer.get() + buffer_capacity, new_buffer.get());
@@ -51,7 +57,7 @@ public:
 
     /// This will only grow the buffer's capacity if size is greater than the current capacity.
     /// The previously held data will be destroyed if a reallocation occurs.
-    void resize_destructive(size_t size) {
+    void resize_destructive(size_type size) {
         if (size > buffer_capacity) {
             buffer_capacity = size;
             buffer = Common::make_unique_for_overwrite<T[]>(buffer_capacity);
@@ -59,43 +65,43 @@ public:
         last_requested_size = size;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] T* data() noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] pointer data() noexcept {
         return buffer.get();
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] const T* data() const noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] const_pointer data() const noexcept {
         return buffer.get();
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] T* begin() noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] iterator begin() noexcept {
         return data();
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] const T* begin() const noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] const_iterator begin() const noexcept {
         return data();
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] T* end() noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] iterator end() noexcept {
         return data() + last_requested_size;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] const T* end() const noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] const_iterator end() const noexcept {
         return data() + last_requested_size;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] T& operator[](size_t i) {
+    [[nodiscard]] reference operator[](size_type i) {
         return buffer[i];
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] const T& operator[](size_t i) const {
+    [[nodiscard]] const_reference operator[](size_type i) const {
         return buffer[i];
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] size_t size() const noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] size_type size() const noexcept {
         return last_requested_size;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] size_t capacity() const noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] size_type capacity() const noexcept {
         return buffer_capacity;
     }
 
@@ -106,8 +112,8 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    size_t last_requested_size{};
-    size_t buffer_capacity{};
+    size_type last_requested_size{};
+    size_type buffer_capacity{};
     std::unique_ptr<T[]> buffer{};
 };
 

src/common/settings.h

@@ -527,12 +527,10 @@ struct Values {
     Setting<bool> mouse_panning{false, "mouse_panning"};
     Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_x_sensitivity{50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_x_sensitivity"};
     Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_y_sensitivity{50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_y_sensitivity"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_deadzone_x_counterweight{
-        0, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_deadzone_x_counterweight"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_deadzone_y_counterweight{
-        0, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_deadzone_y_counterweight"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_decay_strength{22, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_decay_strength"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_min_decay{5, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_min_decay"};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight{20, 0, 100,
+                                                           "mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight"};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_decay_strength{18, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_decay_strength"};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_min_decay{6, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_min_decay"};
 
     Setting<bool> mouse_enabled{false, "mouse_enabled"};
     Setting<bool> emulate_analog_keyboard{false, "emulate_analog_keyboard"};

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "core/file_sys/savedata_factory.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_concat.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_real.h"
+#include "core/gpu_dirty_memory_manager.h"
 #include "core/hid/hid_core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
@@ -130,7 +131,10 @@ FileSys::VirtualFile GetGameFileFromPath(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs,
 struct System::Impl {
     explicit Impl(System& system)
         : kernel{system}, fs_controller{system}, memory{system}, hid_core{}, room_network{},
-          cpu_manager{system}, reporter{system}, applet_manager{system}, time_manager{system} {}
+          cpu_manager{system}, reporter{system}, applet_manager{system}, time_manager{system},
+          gpu_dirty_memory_write_manager{} {
+        memory.SetGPUDirtyManagers(gpu_dirty_memory_write_manager);
+    }
 
     void Initialize(System& system) {
         device_memory = std::make_unique<Core::DeviceMemory>();
@@ -234,6 +238,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
         // Setting changes may require a full system reinitialization (e.g., disabling multicore).
         ReinitializeIfNecessary(system);
 
+        memory.SetGPUDirtyManagers(gpu_dirty_memory_write_manager);
+
         kernel.Initialize();
         cpu_manager.Initialize();
 
@@ -540,6 +546,9 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
     std::array<u64, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> dynarmic_ticks{};
     std::array<MicroProfileToken, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> microprofile_cpu{};
+
+    std::array<Core::GPUDirtyMemoryManager, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES>
+        gpu_dirty_memory_write_manager{};
 };
 
 System::System() : impl{std::make_unique<Impl>(*this)} {}
@@ -629,10 +638,31 @@ void System::PrepareReschedule(const u32 core_index) {
     impl->kernel.PrepareReschedule(core_index);
 }
 
+Core::GPUDirtyMemoryManager& System::CurrentGPUDirtyMemoryManager() {
+    const std::size_t core = impl->kernel.GetCurrentHostThreadID();
+    return impl->gpu_dirty_memory_write_manager[core < Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES
+                                                    ? core
+                                                    : Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES - 1];
+}
+
+/// Provides a constant reference to the current gou dirty memory manager.
+const Core::GPUDirtyMemoryManager& System::CurrentGPUDirtyMemoryManager() const {
+    const std::size_t core = impl->kernel.GetCurrentHostThreadID();
+    return impl->gpu_dirty_memory_write_manager[core < Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES
+                                                    ? core
+                                                    : Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES - 1];
+}
+
 size_t System::GetCurrentHostThreadID() const {
     return impl->kernel.GetCurrentHostThreadID();
 }
 
+void System::GatherGPUDirtyMemory(std::function<void(VAddr, size_t)>& callback) {
+    for (auto& manager : impl->gpu_dirty_memory_write_manager) {
+        manager.Gather(callback);
+    }
+}
+
 PerfStatsResults System::GetAndResetPerfStats() {
     return impl->GetAndResetPerfStats();
 }

src/core/core.h

@@ -108,9 +108,10 @@ class CpuManager;
 class Debugger;
 class DeviceMemory;
 class ExclusiveMonitor;
-class SpeedLimiter;
+class GPUDirtyMemoryManager;
 class PerfStats;
 class Reporter;
+class SpeedLimiter;
 class TelemetrySession;
 
 struct PerfStatsResults;
@@ -225,6 +226,14 @@ public:
     /// Prepare the core emulation for a reschedule
     void PrepareReschedule(u32 core_index);
 
+    /// Provides a reference to the gou dirty memory manager.
+    [[nodiscard]] Core::GPUDirtyMemoryManager& CurrentGPUDirtyMemoryManager();
+
+    /// Provides a constant reference to the current gou dirty memory manager.
+    [[nodiscard]] const Core::GPUDirtyMemoryManager& CurrentGPUDirtyMemoryManager() const;
+
+    void GatherGPUDirtyMemory(std::function<void(VAddr, size_t)>& callback);
+
     [[nodiscard]] size_t GetCurrentHostThreadID() const;
 
     /// Gets and resets core performance statistics

src/core/core_timing.cpp

@@ -253,9 +253,6 @@ void CoreTiming::ThreadLoop() {
                 auto wait_time = *next_time - GetGlobalTimeNs().count();
                 if (wait_time > 0) {
 #ifdef _WIN32
-                    const auto timer_resolution_ns =
-                        Common::Windows::GetCurrentTimerResolution().count();
-
                     while (!paused && !event.IsSet() && wait_time > 0) {
                         wait_time = *next_time - GetGlobalTimeNs().count();
 
@@ -316,4 +313,10 @@ std::chrono::microseconds CoreTiming::GetGlobalTimeUs() const {
     return std::chrono::microseconds{Common::WallClock::CPUTickToUS(cpu_ticks)};
 }
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+void CoreTiming::SetTimerResolutionNs(std::chrono::nanoseconds ns) {
+    timer_resolution_ns = ns.count();
+}
+#endif
+
 } // namespace Core::Timing

src/core/core_timing.h

@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ public:
     /// Checks for events manually and returns time in nanoseconds for next event, threadsafe.
     std::optional<s64> Advance();
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    void SetTimerResolutionNs(std::chrono::nanoseconds ns);
+#endif
+
 private:
     struct Event;
 
@@ -143,6 +147,10 @@ private:
 
     s64 global_timer = 0;
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    s64 timer_resolution_ns;
+#endif
+
     // The queue is a min-heap using std::make_heap/push_heap/pop_heap.
     // We don't use std::priority_queue because we need to be able to serialize, unserialize and
     // erase arbitrary events (RemoveEvent()) regardless of the queue order. These aren't

src/core/file_sys/fsmitm_romfsbuild.cpp

@@ -105,19 +105,11 @@ static u64 romfs_get_hash_table_count(u64 num_entries) {
     return count;
 }
 
-void RomFSBuildContext::VisitDirectory(VirtualDir root_romfs, VirtualDir ext_dir,
+void RomFSBuildContext::VisitDirectory(VirtualDir romfs_dir, VirtualDir ext_dir,
                                        std::shared_ptr<RomFSBuildDirectoryContext> parent) {
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<RomFSBuildDirectoryContext>> child_dirs;
 
-    VirtualDir dir;
-
-    if (parent->path_len == 0) {
-        dir = root_romfs;
-    } else {
-        dir = root_romfs->GetDirectoryRelative(parent->path);
-    }
-
-    const auto entries = dir->GetEntries();
+    const auto entries = romfs_dir->GetEntries();
 
     for (const auto& kv : entries) {
         if (kv.second == VfsEntryType::Directory) {
@@ -127,7 +119,7 @@ void RomFSBuildContext::VisitDirectory(VirtualDir root_romfs, VirtualDir ext_dir
             child->path_len = child->cur_path_ofs + static_cast<u32>(kv.first.size());
             child->path = parent->path + "/" + kv.first;
 
-            if (ext_dir != nullptr && ext_dir->GetFileRelative(child->path + ".stub") != nullptr) {
+            if (ext_dir != nullptr && ext_dir->GetFile(kv.first + ".stub") != nullptr) {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -144,17 +136,17 @@ void RomFSBuildContext::VisitDirectory(VirtualDir root_romfs, VirtualDir ext_dir
             child->path_len = child->cur_path_ofs + static_cast<u32>(kv.first.size());
             child->path = parent->path + "/" + kv.first;
 
-            if (ext_dir != nullptr && ext_dir->GetFileRelative(child->path + ".stub") != nullptr) {
+            if (ext_dir != nullptr && ext_dir->GetFile(kv.first + ".stub") != nullptr) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             // Sanity check on path_len
             ASSERT(child->path_len < FS_MAX_PATH);
 
-            child->source = root_romfs->GetFileRelative(child->path);
+            child->source = romfs_dir->GetFile(kv.first);
 
             if (ext_dir != nullptr) {
-                if (const auto ips = ext_dir->GetFileRelative(child->path + ".ips")) {
+                if (const auto ips = ext_dir->GetFile(kv.first + ".ips")) {
                     if (auto patched = PatchIPS(child->source, ips)) {
                         child->source = std::move(patched);
                     }
@@ -168,23 +160,27 @@ void RomFSBuildContext::VisitDirectory(VirtualDir root_romfs, VirtualDir ext_dir
     }
 
     for (auto& child : child_dirs) {
-        this->VisitDirectory(root_romfs, ext_dir, child);
+        auto subdir_name = std::string_view(child->path).substr(child->cur_path_ofs);
+        auto child_romfs_dir = romfs_dir->GetSubdirectory(subdir_name);
+        auto child_ext_dir = ext_dir != nullptr ? ext_dir->GetSubdirectory(subdir_name) : nullptr;
+        this->VisitDirectory(child_romfs_dir, child_ext_dir, child);
     }
 }
 
 bool RomFSBuildContext::AddDirectory(std::shared_ptr<RomFSBuildDirectoryContext> parent_dir_ctx,
                                      std::shared_ptr<RomFSBuildDirectoryContext> dir_ctx) {
     // Check whether it's already in the known directories.
-    const auto existing = directories.find(dir_ctx->path);
-    if (existing != directories.end())
+    const auto [it, is_new] = directories.emplace(dir_ctx->path, nullptr);
+    if (!is_new) {
         return false;
+    }
 
     // Add a new directory.
     num_dirs++;
     dir_table_size +=
         sizeof(RomFSDirectoryEntry) + Common::AlignUp(dir_ctx->path_len - dir_ctx->cur_path_ofs, 4);
     dir_ctx->parent = parent_dir_ctx;
-    directories.emplace(dir_ctx->path, dir_ctx);
+    it->second = dir_ctx;
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -192,8 +188,8 @@ bool RomFSBuildContext::AddDirectory(std::shared_ptr<RomFSBuildDirectoryContext>
 bool RomFSBuildContext::AddFile(std::shared_ptr<RomFSBuildDirectoryContext> parent_dir_ctx,
                                 std::shared_ptr<RomFSBuildFileContext> file_ctx) {
     // Check whether it's already in the known files.
-    const auto existing = files.find(file_ctx->path);
-    if (existing != files.end()) {
+    const auto [it, is_new] = files.emplace(file_ctx->path, nullptr);
+    if (!is_new) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -202,7 +198,7 @@ bool RomFSBuildContext::AddFile(std::shared_ptr<RomFSBuildDirectoryContext> pare
     file_table_size +=
         sizeof(RomFSFileEntry) + Common::AlignUp(file_ctx->path_len - file_ctx->cur_path_ofs, 4);
     file_ctx->parent = parent_dir_ctx;
-    files.emplace(file_ctx->path, file_ctx);
+    it->second = file_ctx;
 
     return true;
 }

src/core/file_sys/vfs_real.cpp

@@ -283,7 +283,8 @@ std::size_t RealVfsFile::GetSize() const {
     if (size) {
         return *size;
     }
-    return FS::GetSize(path);
+    auto lk = base.RefreshReference(path, perms, *reference);
+    return reference->file ? reference->file->GetSize() : 0;
 }
 
 bool RealVfsFile::Resize(std::size_t new_size) {

src/core/gpu_dirty_memory_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <bit>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "core/memory.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+
+class GPUDirtyMemoryManager {
+public:
+    GPUDirtyMemoryManager() : current{default_transform} {
+        back_buffer.reserve(256);
+        front_buffer.reserve(256);
+    }
+
+    ~GPUDirtyMemoryManager() = default;
+
+    void Collect(VAddr address, size_t size) {
+        TransformAddress t = BuildTransform(address, size);
+        TransformAddress tmp, original;
+        do {
+            tmp = current.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+            original = tmp;
+            if (tmp.address != t.address) {
+                if (IsValid(tmp.address)) {
+                    std::scoped_lock lk(guard);
+                    back_buffer.emplace_back(tmp);
+                    current.exchange(t, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+                    return;
+                }
+                tmp.address = t.address;
+                tmp.mask = 0;
+            }
+            if ((tmp.mask | t.mask) == tmp.mask) {
+                return;
+            }
+            tmp.mask |= t.mask;
+        } while (!current.compare_exchange_weak(original, tmp, std::memory_order_release,
+                                                std::memory_order_relaxed));
+    }
+
+    void Gather(std::function<void(VAddr, size_t)>& callback) {
+        {
+            std::scoped_lock lk(guard);
+            TransformAddress t = current.exchange(default_transform, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+            front_buffer.swap(back_buffer);
+            if (IsValid(t.address)) {
+                front_buffer.emplace_back(t);
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto& transform : front_buffer) {
+            size_t offset = 0;
+            u64 mask = transform.mask;
+            while (mask != 0) {
+                const size_t empty_bits = std::countr_zero(mask);
+                offset += empty_bits << align_bits;
+                mask = mask >> empty_bits;
+
+                const size_t continuous_bits = std::countr_one(mask);
+                callback((static_cast<VAddr>(transform.address) << page_bits) + offset,
+                         continuous_bits << align_bits);
+                mask = continuous_bits < align_size ? (mask >> continuous_bits) : 0;
+                offset += continuous_bits << align_bits;
+            }
+        }
+        front_buffer.clear();
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct alignas(8) TransformAddress {
+        u32 address;
+        u32 mask;
+    };
+
+    constexpr static size_t page_bits = Memory::YUZU_PAGEBITS - 1;
+    constexpr static size_t page_size = 1ULL << page_bits;
+    constexpr static size_t page_mask = page_size - 1;
+
+    constexpr static size_t align_bits = 6U;
+    constexpr static size_t align_size = 1U << align_bits;
+    constexpr static size_t align_mask = align_size - 1;
+    constexpr static TransformAddress default_transform = {.address = ~0U, .mask = 0U};
+
+    bool IsValid(VAddr address) {
+        return address < (1ULL << 39);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T CreateMask(size_t top_bit, size_t minor_bit) {
+        T mask = ~T(0);
+        mask <<= (sizeof(T) * 8 - top_bit);
+        mask >>= (sizeof(T) * 8 - top_bit);
+        mask >>= minor_bit;
+        mask <<= minor_bit;
+        return mask;
+    }
+
+    TransformAddress BuildTransform(VAddr address, size_t size) {
+        const size_t minor_address = address & page_mask;
+        const size_t minor_bit = minor_address >> align_bits;
+        const size_t top_bit = (minor_address + size + align_mask) >> align_bits;
+        TransformAddress result{};
+        result.address = static_cast<u32>(address >> page_bits);
+        result.mask = CreateMask<u32>(top_bit, minor_bit);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::atomic<TransformAddress> current{};
+    std::mutex guard;
+    std::vector<TransformAddress> back_buffer;
+    std::vector<TransformAddress> front_buffer;
+};
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/hid/emulated_controller.cpp

@@ -1243,10 +1243,12 @@ Common::Input::DriverResult EmulatedController::SetPollingMode(
     auto& nfc_output_device = output_devices[3];
 
     if (device_index == EmulatedDeviceIndex::LeftIndex) {
+        controller.left_polling_mode = polling_mode;
         return left_output_device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
     }
 
     if (device_index == EmulatedDeviceIndex::RightIndex) {
+        controller.right_polling_mode = polling_mode;
         const auto virtual_nfc_result = nfc_output_device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
         const auto mapped_nfc_result = right_output_device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
 
@@ -1261,12 +1263,22 @@ Common::Input::DriverResult EmulatedController::SetPollingMode(
         return mapped_nfc_result;
     }
 
+    controller.left_polling_mode = polling_mode;
+    controller.right_polling_mode = polling_mode;
     left_output_device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
     right_output_device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
     nfc_output_device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
     return Common::Input::DriverResult::Success;
 }
 
+Common::Input::PollingMode EmulatedController::GetPollingMode(
+    EmulatedDeviceIndex device_index) const {
+    if (device_index == EmulatedDeviceIndex::LeftIndex) {
+        return controller.left_polling_mode;
+    }
+    return controller.right_polling_mode;
+}
+
 bool EmulatedController::SetCameraFormat(
     Core::IrSensor::ImageTransferProcessorFormat camera_format) {
     LOG_INFO(Service_HID, "Set camera format {}", camera_format);

src/core/hid/emulated_controller.h

@@ -143,6 +143,8 @@ struct ControllerStatus {
     CameraState camera_state{};
     RingSensorForce ring_analog_state{};
     NfcState nfc_state{};
+    Common::Input::PollingMode left_polling_mode{};
+    Common::Input::PollingMode right_polling_mode{};
 };
 
 enum class ControllerTriggerType {
@@ -370,6 +372,12 @@ public:
      */
     Common::Input::DriverResult SetPollingMode(EmulatedDeviceIndex device_index,
                                                Common::Input::PollingMode polling_mode);
+    /**
+     * Get the current polling mode from a controller
+     * @param device_index index of the controller to set the polling mode
+     * @return current polling mode
+     */
+    Common::Input::PollingMode GetPollingMode(EmulatedDeviceIndex device_index) const;
 
     /**
      * Sets the desired camera format to be polled from a controller

src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h

@@ -338,6 +338,15 @@ public:
         return m_parent != nullptr;
     }
 
+    std::span<KSynchronizationObject*> GetSynchronizationObjectBuffer() {
+        return m_sync_object_buffer.sync_objects;
+    }
+
+    std::span<Handle> GetHandleBuffer() {
+        return {m_sync_object_buffer.handles.data() + Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax,
+                Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax};
+    }
+
     u16 GetUserDisableCount() const;
     void SetInterruptFlag();
     void ClearInterruptFlag();
@@ -855,6 +864,7 @@ private:
     u32* m_light_ipc_data{};
     KProcessAddress m_tls_address{};
     KLightLock m_activity_pause_lock;
+    SyncObjectBuffer m_sync_object_buffer{};
     s64 m_schedule_count{};
     s64 m_last_scheduled_tick{};
     std::array<QueueEntry, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> m_per_core_priority_queue_entry{};

src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_ipc.cpp

@@ -38,22 +38,31 @@ Result SendAsyncRequestWithUserBuffer(Core::System& system, Handle* out_event_ha
 
 Result ReplyAndReceive(Core::System& system, s32* out_index, uint64_t handles_addr, s32 num_handles,
                        Handle reply_target, s64 timeout_ns) {
+    // Ensure number of handles is valid.
+    R_UNLESS(0 <= num_handles && num_handles <= ArgumentHandleCountMax, ResultOutOfRange);
+
+    // Get the synchronization context.
     auto& kernel = system.Kernel();
     auto& handle_table = GetCurrentProcess(kernel).GetHandleTable();
+    auto objs = GetCurrentThread(kernel).GetSynchronizationObjectBuffer();
+    auto handles = GetCurrentThread(kernel).GetHandleBuffer();
 
-    R_UNLESS(0 <= num_handles && num_handles <= ArgumentHandleCountMax, ResultOutOfRange);
-    R_UNLESS(GetCurrentMemory(kernel).IsValidVirtualAddressRange(
-                 handles_addr, static_cast<u64>(sizeof(Handle) * num_handles)),
-             ResultInvalidPointer);
+    // Copy user handles.
+    if (num_handles > 0) {
+        // Ensure we can try to get the handles.
+        R_UNLESS(GetCurrentMemory(kernel).IsValidVirtualAddressRange(
+                     handles_addr, static_cast<u64>(sizeof(Handle) * num_handles)),
+                 ResultInvalidPointer);
 
-    std::array<Handle, Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax> handles;
-    GetCurrentMemory(kernel).ReadBlock(handles_addr, handles.data(), sizeof(Handle) * num_handles);
+        // Get the handles.
+        GetCurrentMemory(kernel).ReadBlock(handles_addr, handles.data(),
+                                           sizeof(Handle) * num_handles);
 
-    // Convert handle list to object table.
-    std::array<KSynchronizationObject*, Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax> objs;
-    R_UNLESS(handle_table.GetMultipleObjects<KSynchronizationObject>(objs.data(), handles.data(),
-                                                                     num_handles),
-             ResultInvalidHandle);
+        // Convert the handles to objects.
+        R_UNLESS(handle_table.GetMultipleObjects<KSynchronizationObject>(
+                     objs.data(), handles.data(), num_handles),
+                 ResultInvalidHandle);
+    }
 
     // Ensure handles are closed when we're done.
     SCOPE_EXIT({

src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_synchronization.cpp

@@ -47,21 +47,35 @@ Result ResetSignal(Core::System& system, Handle handle) {
     R_THROW(ResultInvalidHandle);
 }
 
-static Result WaitSynchronization(Core::System& system, int32_t* out_index, const Handle* handles,
-                                  int32_t num_handles, int64_t timeout_ns) {
+/// Wait for the given handles to synchronize, timeout after the specified nanoseconds
+Result WaitSynchronization(Core::System& system, int32_t* out_index, u64 user_handles,
+                           int32_t num_handles, int64_t timeout_ns) {
+    LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called user_handles={:#x}, num_handles={}, timeout_ns={}", user_handles,
+              num_handles, timeout_ns);
+
     // Ensure number of handles is valid.
     R_UNLESS(0 <= num_handles && num_handles <= Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax, ResultOutOfRange);
 
     // Get the synchronization context.
     auto& kernel = system.Kernel();
     auto& handle_table = GetCurrentProcess(kernel).GetHandleTable();
-    std::array<KSynchronizationObject*, Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax> objs;
+    auto objs = GetCurrentThread(kernel).GetSynchronizationObjectBuffer();
+    auto handles = GetCurrentThread(kernel).GetHandleBuffer();
 
     // Copy user handles.
     if (num_handles > 0) {
+        // Ensure we can try to get the handles.
+        R_UNLESS(GetCurrentMemory(kernel).IsValidVirtualAddressRange(
+                     user_handles, static_cast<u64>(sizeof(Handle) * num_handles)),
+                 ResultInvalidPointer);
+
+        // Get the handles.
+        GetCurrentMemory(kernel).ReadBlock(user_handles, handles.data(),
+                                           sizeof(Handle) * num_handles);
+
         // Convert the handles to objects.
-        R_UNLESS(handle_table.GetMultipleObjects<KSynchronizationObject>(objs.data(), handles,
-                                                                         num_handles),
+        R_UNLESS(handle_table.GetMultipleObjects<KSynchronizationObject>(
+                     objs.data(), handles.data(), num_handles),
                  ResultInvalidHandle);
     }
 
@@ -80,23 +94,6 @@ static Result WaitSynchronization(Core::System& system, int32_t* out_index, cons
     R_RETURN(res);
 }
 
-/// Wait for the given handles to synchronize, timeout after the specified nanoseconds
-Result WaitSynchronization(Core::System& system, int32_t* out_index, u64 user_handles,
-                           int32_t num_handles, int64_t timeout_ns) {
-    LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called user_handles={:#x}, num_handles={}, timeout_ns={}", user_handles,
-              num_handles, timeout_ns);
-
-    // Ensure number of handles is valid.
-    R_UNLESS(0 <= num_handles && num_handles <= Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax, ResultOutOfRange);
-    std::array<Handle, Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax> handles;
-    if (num_handles > 0) {
-        GetCurrentMemory(system.Kernel())
-            .ReadBlock(user_handles, handles.data(), num_handles * sizeof(Handle));
-    }
-
-    R_RETURN(WaitSynchronization(system, out_index, handles.data(), num_handles, timeout_ns));
-}
-
 /// Resumes a thread waiting on WaitSynchronization
 Result CancelSynchronization(Core::System& system, Handle handle) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called handle=0x{:X}", handle);

src/core/hle/service/audio/audin_u.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "audio_core/renderer/audio_device.h"
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "common/settings.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_event.h"
@@ -124,12 +124,15 @@ private:
 
     void GetReleasedAudioInBuffer(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         const auto write_buffer_size = ctx.GetWriteBufferNumElements<u64>();
-        tmp_buffer.resize_destructive(write_buffer_size);
-        tmp_buffer[0] = 0;
+        released_buffer.resize_destructive(write_buffer_size);
+        released_buffer[0] = 0;
 
-        const auto count = impl->GetReleasedBuffers(tmp_buffer);
+        const auto count = impl->GetReleasedBuffers(released_buffer);
 
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(tmp_buffer);
+        LOG_TRACE(Service_Audio, "called. Session {} released {} buffers",
+                  impl->GetSystem().GetSessionId(), count);
+
+        ctx.WriteBuffer(released_buffer);
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
@@ -155,7 +158,6 @@ private:
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_Audio, "called. Buffer count={}", buffer_count);
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
-
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
         rb.Push(buffer_count);
     }
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ private:
     KernelHelpers::ServiceContext service_context;
     Kernel::KEvent* event;
     std::shared_ptr<AudioCore::AudioIn::In> impl;
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<u64> tmp_buffer;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u64> released_buffer;
 };
 
 AudInU::AudInU(Core::System& system_)

src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "audio_core/renderer/audio_device.h"
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "common/swap.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
@@ -102,8 +103,8 @@ private:
         AudioOutBuffer buffer{};
         std::memcpy(&buffer, in_buffer.data(), sizeof(AudioOutBuffer));
 
-        [[maybe_unused]] auto sessionid{impl->GetSystem().GetSessionId()};
-        LOG_TRACE(Service_Audio, "called. Session {} Appending buffer {:08X}", sessionid, tag);
+        LOG_TRACE(Service_Audio, "called. Session {} Appending buffer {:08X}",
+                  impl->GetSystem().GetSessionId(), tag);
 
         auto result = impl->AppendBuffer(buffer, tag);
 
@@ -123,12 +124,15 @@ private:
 
     void GetReleasedAudioOutBuffers(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         const auto write_buffer_size = ctx.GetWriteBufferNumElements<u64>();
-        tmp_buffer.resize_destructive(write_buffer_size);
-        tmp_buffer[0] = 0;
+        released_buffer.resize_destructive(write_buffer_size);
+        released_buffer[0] = 0;
 
-        const auto count = impl->GetReleasedBuffers(tmp_buffer);
+        const auto count = impl->GetReleasedBuffers(released_buffer);
 
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(tmp_buffer);
+        ctx.WriteBuffer(released_buffer);
+
+        LOG_TRACE(Service_Audio, "called. Session {} released {} buffers",
+                  impl->GetSystem().GetSessionId(), count);
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
@@ -154,7 +158,6 @@ private:
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_Audio, "called. Buffer count={}", buffer_count);
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
-
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
         rb.Push(buffer_count);
     }
@@ -165,7 +168,6 @@ private:
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_Audio, "called. Played samples={}", samples_played);
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 4};
-
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
         rb.Push(samples_played);
     }
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ private:
     KernelHelpers::ServiceContext service_context;
     Kernel::KEvent* event;
     std::shared_ptr<AudioCore::AudioOut::Out> impl;
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<u64> tmp_buffer;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u64> released_buffer;
 };
 
 AudOutU::AudOutU(Core::System& system_)

src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/polyfill_ranges.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_event.h"
@@ -119,23 +120,23 @@ private:
         auto is_buffer_b{ctx.BufferDescriptorB()[0].Size() != 0};
         if (is_buffer_b) {
             const auto buffersB{ctx.BufferDescriptorB()};
-            tmp_output.resize_destructive(buffersB[0].Size());
-            tmp_performance.resize_destructive(buffersB[1].Size());
+            output_buffer.resize_destructive(buffersB[0].Size());
+            performance_buffer.resize_destructive(buffersB[1].Size());
         } else {
             const auto buffersC{ctx.BufferDescriptorC()};
-            tmp_output.resize_destructive(buffersC[0].Size());
-            tmp_performance.resize_destructive(buffersC[1].Size());
+            output_buffer.resize_destructive(buffersC[0].Size());
+            performance_buffer.resize_destructive(buffersC[1].Size());
         }
 
-        auto result = impl->RequestUpdate(input, tmp_performance, tmp_output);
+        auto result = impl->RequestUpdate(input, performance_buffer, output_buffer);
 
         if (result.IsSuccess()) {
             if (is_buffer_b) {
-                ctx.WriteBufferB(tmp_output.data(), tmp_output.size(), 0);
-                ctx.WriteBufferB(tmp_performance.data(), tmp_performance.size(), 1);
+                ctx.WriteBufferB(output_buffer.data(), output_buffer.size(), 0);
+                ctx.WriteBufferB(performance_buffer.data(), performance_buffer.size(), 1);
             } else {
-                ctx.WriteBufferC(tmp_output.data(), tmp_output.size(), 0);
-                ctx.WriteBufferC(tmp_performance.data(), tmp_performance.size(), 1);
+                ctx.WriteBufferC(output_buffer.data(), output_buffer.size(), 0);
+                ctx.WriteBufferC(performance_buffer.data(), performance_buffer.size(), 1);
             }
         } else {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_Audio, "RequestUpdate failed error 0x{:02X}!", result.description);
@@ -233,8 +234,8 @@ private:
     Kernel::KEvent* rendered_event;
     Manager& manager;
     std::unique_ptr<Renderer> impl;
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> tmp_output;
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> tmp_performance;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> output_buffer;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> performance_buffer;
 };
 
 class IAudioDevice final : public ServiceFramework<IAudioDevice> {

src/core/hle/service/audio/hwopus.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/audio/hwopus.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/ipc_helpers.h"
 
@@ -68,13 +69,13 @@ private:
                                  ExtraBehavior extra_behavior) {
         u32 consumed = 0;
         u32 sample_count = 0;
-        tmp_samples.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferNumElements<opus_int16>());
+        samples.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferNumElements<opus_int16>());
 
         if (extra_behavior == ExtraBehavior::ResetContext) {
             ResetDecoderContext();
         }
 
-        if (!DecodeOpusData(consumed, sample_count, ctx.ReadBuffer(), tmp_samples, performance)) {
+        if (!DecodeOpusData(consumed, sample_count, ctx.ReadBuffer(), samples, performance)) {
             LOG_ERROR(Audio, "Failed to decode opus data");
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
             // TODO(ogniK): Use correct error code
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ private:
         if (performance) {
             rb.Push<u64>(*performance);
         }
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(tmp_samples);
+        ctx.WriteBuffer(samples);
     }
 
     bool DecodeOpusData(u32& consumed, u32& sample_count, std::span<const u8> input,
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ private:
     OpusDecoderPtr decoder;
     u32 sample_rate;
     u32 channel_count;
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<opus_int16> tmp_samples;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<opus_int16> samples;
 };
 
 class IHardwareOpusDecoderManager final : public ServiceFramework<IHardwareOpusDecoderManager> {

src/core/hle/service/nfc/common/device.cpp

@@ -66,10 +66,6 @@ NfcDevice::~NfcDevice() {
 };
 
 void NfcDevice::NpadUpdate(Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType type) {
-    if (!is_initalized) {
-        return;
-    }
-
     if (type == Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType::Connected) {
         Initialize();
         availability_change_event->Signal();
@@ -77,12 +73,12 @@ void NfcDevice::NpadUpdate(Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType type) {
     }
 
     if (type == Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType::Disconnected) {
-        device_state = DeviceState::Unavailable;
+        Finalize();
         availability_change_event->Signal();
         return;
     }
 
-    if (type != Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType::Nfc) {
+    if (!is_initalized) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -90,6 +86,17 @@ void NfcDevice::NpadUpdate(Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType type) {
         return;
     }
 
+    // Ensure nfc mode is always active
+    if (npad_device->GetPollingMode(Core::HID::EmulatedDeviceIndex::RightIndex) ==
+        Common::Input::PollingMode::Active) {
+        npad_device->SetPollingMode(Core::HID::EmulatedDeviceIndex::RightIndex,
+                                    Common::Input::PollingMode::NFC);
+    }
+
+    if (type != Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType::Nfc) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     const auto nfc_status = npad_device->GetNfc();
     switch (nfc_status.state) {
     case Common::Input::NfcState::NewAmiibo:
@@ -207,11 +214,14 @@ void NfcDevice::Initialize() {
 }
 
 void NfcDevice::Finalize() {
-    if (device_state == DeviceState::TagMounted) {
-        Unmount();
-    }
-    if (device_state == DeviceState::SearchingForTag || device_state == DeviceState::TagRemoved) {
-        StopDetection();
+    if (npad_device->IsConnected()) {
+        if (device_state == DeviceState::TagMounted) {
+            Unmount();
+        }
+        if (device_state == DeviceState::SearchingForTag ||
+            device_state == DeviceState::TagRemoved) {
+            StopDetection();
+        }
     }
 
     if (device_state != DeviceState::Unavailable) {

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_interface.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Skyline Team and Contributors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
-#include <cinttypes>
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_event.h"
@@ -63,12 +62,12 @@ void NVDRV::Ioctl1(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     }
 
     // Check device
-    tmp_output.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize(0));
+    output_buffer.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize(0));
     const auto input_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
 
-    const auto nv_result = nvdrv->Ioctl1(fd, command, input_buffer, tmp_output);
+    const auto nv_result = nvdrv->Ioctl1(fd, command, input_buffer, output_buffer);
     if (command.is_out != 0) {
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(tmp_output);
+        ctx.WriteBuffer(output_buffer);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
@@ -90,12 +89,12 @@ void NVDRV::Ioctl2(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     const auto input_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
     const auto input_inlined_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
-    tmp_output.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize(0));
+    output_buffer.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize(0));
 
     const auto nv_result =
-        nvdrv->Ioctl2(fd, command, input_buffer, input_inlined_buffer, tmp_output);
+        nvdrv->Ioctl2(fd, command, input_buffer, input_inlined_buffer, output_buffer);
     if (command.is_out != 0) {
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(tmp_output);
+        ctx.WriteBuffer(output_buffer);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
@@ -116,12 +115,14 @@ void NVDRV::Ioctl3(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     }
 
     const auto input_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
-    tmp_output.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize(0));
-    tmp_output_inline.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize(1));
-    const auto nv_result = nvdrv->Ioctl3(fd, command, input_buffer, tmp_output, tmp_output_inline);
+    output_buffer.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize(0));
+    inline_output_buffer.resize_destructive(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize(1));
+
+    const auto nv_result =
+        nvdrv->Ioctl3(fd, command, input_buffer, output_buffer, inline_output_buffer);
     if (command.is_out != 0) {
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(tmp_output, 0);
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(tmp_output_inline, 1);
+        ctx.WriteBuffer(output_buffer, 0);
+        ctx.WriteBuffer(inline_output_buffer, 1);
     }
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_interface.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
+
 #include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ private:
 
     u64 pid{};
     bool is_initialized{};
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> tmp_output;
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> tmp_output_inline;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> output_buffer;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> inline_output_buffer;
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::Nvidia

src/core/hle/service/nvnflinger/parcel.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <span>
 #include <vector>
+
 #include <boost/container/small_vector.hpp>
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
@@ -148,9 +149,9 @@ public:
         this->WriteImpl(0U, m_object_buffer);
     }
 
-    std::vector<u8> Serialize() const {
-        std::vector<u8> output_buffer(sizeof(ParcelHeader) + m_data_buffer.size() +
-                                      m_object_buffer.size());
+    std::span<u8> Serialize() {
+        m_output_buffer.resize(sizeof(ParcelHeader) + m_data_buffer.size() +
+                               m_object_buffer.size());
 
         ParcelHeader header{};
         header.data_size = static_cast<u32>(m_data_buffer.size());
@@ -158,17 +159,17 @@ public:
         header.objects_size = static_cast<u32>(m_object_buffer.size());
         header.objects_offset = header.data_offset + header.data_size;
 
-        std::memcpy(output_buffer.data(), &header, sizeof(header));
-        std::ranges::copy(m_data_buffer, output_buffer.data() + header.data_offset);
-        std::ranges::copy(m_object_buffer, output_buffer.data() + header.objects_offset);
+        std::memcpy(m_output_buffer.data(), &header, sizeof(ParcelHeader));
+        std::ranges::copy(m_data_buffer, m_output_buffer.data() + header.data_offset);
+        std::ranges::copy(m_object_buffer, m_output_buffer.data() + header.objects_offset);
 
-        return output_buffer;
+        return m_output_buffer;
     }
 
 private:
-    template <typename T>
+    template <typename T, size_t BufferSize>
         requires(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>)
-    void WriteImpl(const T& val, boost::container::small_vector<u8, 0x200>& buffer) {
+    void WriteImpl(const T& val, boost::container::small_vector<u8, BufferSize>& buffer) {
         const size_t aligned_size = Common::AlignUp(sizeof(T), 4);
         const size_t old_size = buffer.size();
         buffer.resize(old_size + aligned_size);
@@ -177,8 +178,9 @@ private:
     }
 
 private:
-    boost::container::small_vector<u8, 0x200> m_data_buffer;
-    boost::container::small_vector<u8, 0x200> m_object_buffer;
+    boost::container::small_vector<u8, 0x1B0> m_data_buffer;
+    boost::container::small_vector<u8, 0x40> m_object_buffer;
+    boost::container::small_vector<u8, 0x200> m_output_buffer;
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::android

src/core/memory.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <span>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/atomic_ops.h"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "common/swap.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/device_memory.h"
+#include "core/gpu_dirty_memory_manager.h"
 #include "core/hardware_properties.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
@@ -678,7 +680,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
                 LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "Unmapped Write{} @ 0x{:016X} = 0x{:016X}", sizeof(T) * 8,
                           GetInteger(vaddr), static_cast<u64>(data));
             },
-            [&]() { system.GPU().InvalidateRegion(GetInteger(vaddr), sizeof(T)); });
+            [&]() { HandleRasterizerWrite(GetInteger(vaddr), sizeof(T)); });
         if (ptr) {
             std::memcpy(ptr, &data, sizeof(T));
         }
@@ -692,7 +694,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
                 LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "Unmapped WriteExclusive{} @ 0x{:016X} = 0x{:016X}",
                           sizeof(T) * 8, GetInteger(vaddr), static_cast<u64>(data));
             },
-            [&]() { system.GPU().InvalidateRegion(GetInteger(vaddr), sizeof(T)); });
+            [&]() { HandleRasterizerWrite(GetInteger(vaddr), sizeof(T)); });
         if (ptr) {
             const auto volatile_pointer = reinterpret_cast<volatile T*>(ptr);
             return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile_pointer, data, expected);
@@ -707,7 +709,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
                 LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "Unmapped WriteExclusive128 @ 0x{:016X} = 0x{:016X}{:016X}",
                           GetInteger(vaddr), static_cast<u64>(data[1]), static_cast<u64>(data[0]));
             },
-            [&]() { system.GPU().InvalidateRegion(GetInteger(vaddr), sizeof(u128)); });
+            [&]() { HandleRasterizerWrite(GetInteger(vaddr), sizeof(u128)); });
         if (ptr) {
             const auto volatile_pointer = reinterpret_cast<volatile u64*>(ptr);
             return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile_pointer, data, expected);
@@ -717,7 +719,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
 
     void HandleRasterizerDownload(VAddr address, size_t size) {
         const size_t core = system.GetCurrentHostThreadID();
-        auto& current_area = rasterizer_areas[core];
+        auto& current_area = rasterizer_read_areas[core];
         const VAddr end_address = address + size;
         if (current_area.start_address <= address && end_address <= current_area.end_address)
             [[likely]] {
@@ -726,9 +728,31 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
         current_area = system.GPU().OnCPURead(address, size);
     }
 
-    Common::PageTable* current_page_table = nullptr;
-    std::array<VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> rasterizer_areas{};
+    void HandleRasterizerWrite(VAddr address, size_t size) {
+        const size_t core = system.GetCurrentHostThreadID();
+        auto& current_area = rasterizer_write_areas[core];
+        VAddr subaddress = address >> YUZU_PAGEBITS;
+        bool do_collection = current_area.last_address == subaddress;
+        if (!do_collection) [[unlikely]] {
+            do_collection = system.GPU().OnCPUWrite(address, size);
+            if (!do_collection) {
+                return;
+            }
+            current_area.last_address = subaddress;
+        }
+        gpu_dirty_managers[core].Collect(address, size);
+    }
+
+    struct GPUDirtyState {
+        VAddr last_address;
+    };
+
     Core::System& system;
+    Common::PageTable* current_page_table = nullptr;
+    std::array<VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES>
+        rasterizer_read_areas{};
+    std::array<GPUDirtyState, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> rasterizer_write_areas{};
+    std::span<Core::GPUDirtyMemoryManager> gpu_dirty_managers;
 };
 
 Memory::Memory(Core::System& system_) : system{system_} {
@@ -876,6 +900,10 @@ void Memory::ZeroBlock(Common::ProcessAddress dest_addr, const std::size_t size)
     impl->ZeroBlock(*system.ApplicationProcess(), dest_addr, size);
 }
 
+void Memory::SetGPUDirtyManagers(std::span<Core::GPUDirtyMemoryManager> managers) {
+    impl->gpu_dirty_managers = managers;
+}
+
 Result Memory::InvalidateDataCache(Common::ProcessAddress dest_addr, const std::size_t size) {
     return impl->InvalidateDataCache(*system.ApplicationProcess(), dest_addr, size);
 }

src/core/memory.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <memory>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include "common/typed_address.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
@@ -15,7 +16,8 @@ struct PageTable;
 
 namespace Core {
 class System;
-}
+class GPUDirtyMemoryManager;
+} // namespace Core
 
 namespace Kernel {
 class PhysicalMemory;
@@ -458,6 +460,8 @@ public:
      */
     void MarkRegionDebug(Common::ProcessAddress vaddr, u64 size, bool debug);
 
+    void SetGPUDirtyManagers(std::span<Core::GPUDirtyMemoryManager> managers);
+
 private:
     Core::System& system;
 

src/input_common/drivers/mouse.cpp

@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@
 
 namespace InputCommon {
 constexpr int update_time = 10;
-constexpr float default_stick_sensitivity = 0.0044f;
-constexpr float default_motion_sensitivity = 0.0003f;
+constexpr float default_panning_sensitivity = 0.0010f;
+constexpr float default_stick_sensitivity = 0.0006f;
+constexpr float default_deadzone_counterweight = 0.01f;
+constexpr float default_motion_panning_sensitivity = 2.5f;
+constexpr float default_motion_sensitivity = 0.416f;
 constexpr float maximum_rotation_speed = 2.0f;
+constexpr float maximum_stick_range = 1.5f;
 constexpr int mouse_axis_x = 0;
 constexpr int mouse_axis_y = 1;
 constexpr int wheel_axis_x = 2;
@@ -81,7 +85,7 @@ void Mouse::UpdateThread(std::stop_token stop_token) {
 }
 
 void Mouse::UpdateStickInput() {
-    if (!Settings::values.mouse_panning) {
+    if (!IsMousePanningEnabled()) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -89,26 +93,13 @@ void Mouse::UpdateStickInput() {
 
     // Prevent input from exceeding the max range (1.0f) too much,
     // but allow some room to make it easier to sustain
-    if (length > 1.2f) {
+    if (length > maximum_stick_range) {
         last_mouse_change /= length;
-        last_mouse_change *= 1.2f;
+        last_mouse_change *= maximum_stick_range;
     }
 
-    auto mouse_change = last_mouse_change;
-
-    // Bind the mouse change to [0 <= deadzone_counterweight <= 1,1]
-    if (length < 1.0f) {
-        const float deadzone_h_counterweight =
-            Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_x_counterweight.GetValue();
-        const float deadzone_v_counterweight =
-            Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_y_counterweight.GetValue();
-        mouse_change /= length;
-        mouse_change.x *= length + (1 - length) * deadzone_h_counterweight * 0.01f;
-        mouse_change.y *= length + (1 - length) * deadzone_v_counterweight * 0.01f;
-    }
-
-    SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_x, mouse_change.x);
-    SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_y, -mouse_change.y);
+    SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_x, last_mouse_change.x);
+    SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_y, -last_mouse_change.y);
 
     // Decay input over time
     const float clamped_length = std::min(1.0f, length);
@@ -120,14 +111,13 @@ void Mouse::UpdateStickInput() {
 }
 
 void Mouse::UpdateMotionInput() {
-    // This may need its own sensitivity instead of using the average
-    const float sensitivity = (Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity.GetValue() +
-                               Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity.GetValue()) /
-                              2.0f * default_motion_sensitivity;
+    const float sensitivity =
+        IsMousePanningEnabled() ? default_motion_panning_sensitivity : default_motion_sensitivity;
 
     const float rotation_velocity = std::sqrt(last_motion_change.x * last_motion_change.x +
                                               last_motion_change.y * last_motion_change.y);
 
+    // Clamp rotation speed
     if (rotation_velocity > maximum_rotation_speed / sensitivity) {
         const float multiplier = maximum_rotation_speed / rotation_velocity / sensitivity;
         last_motion_change.x = last_motion_change.x * multiplier;
@@ -144,7 +134,7 @@ void Mouse::UpdateMotionInput() {
         .delta_timestamp = update_time * 1000,
     };
 
-    if (Settings::values.mouse_panning) {
+    if (IsMousePanningEnabled()) {
         last_motion_change.x = 0;
         last_motion_change.y = 0;
     }
@@ -154,33 +144,43 @@ void Mouse::UpdateMotionInput() {
 }
 
 void Mouse::Move(int x, int y, int center_x, int center_y) {
-    if (Settings::values.mouse_panning) {
+    if (IsMousePanningEnabled()) {
         const auto mouse_change =
             (Common::MakeVec(x, y) - Common::MakeVec(center_x, center_y)).Cast<float>();
         const float x_sensitivity =
-            Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity.GetValue() * default_stick_sensitivity;
+            Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity.GetValue() * default_panning_sensitivity;
         const float y_sensitivity =
-            Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity.GetValue() * default_stick_sensitivity;
+            Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity.GetValue() * default_panning_sensitivity;
+        const float deadzone_counterweight =
+            Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight.GetValue() *
+            default_deadzone_counterweight;
 
-        last_motion_change += {-mouse_change.y, -mouse_change.x, 0};
-        last_mouse_change.x += mouse_change.x * x_sensitivity * 0.09f;
-        last_mouse_change.y += mouse_change.y * y_sensitivity * 0.09f;
+        last_motion_change += {-mouse_change.y * x_sensitivity, -mouse_change.x * y_sensitivity, 0};
+        last_mouse_change.x += mouse_change.x * x_sensitivity;
+        last_mouse_change.y += mouse_change.y * y_sensitivity;
+
+        // Bind the mouse change to [0 <= deadzone_counterweight <= 1.0]
+        const float length = last_mouse_change.Length();
+        if (length < deadzone_counterweight && length != 0.0f) {
+            last_mouse_change /= length;
+            last_mouse_change *= deadzone_counterweight;
+        }
 
         return;
     }
 
     if (button_pressed) {
         const auto mouse_move = Common::MakeVec<int>(x, y) - mouse_origin;
-        const float x_sensitivity = Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity.GetValue();
-        const float y_sensitivity = Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity.GetValue();
-        SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_x,
-                static_cast<float>(mouse_move.x) * x_sensitivity * 0.0012f);
-        SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_y,
-                static_cast<float>(-mouse_move.y) * y_sensitivity * 0.0012f);
+        const float x_sensitivity =
+            Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity.GetValue() * default_stick_sensitivity;
+        const float y_sensitivity =
+            Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity.GetValue() * default_stick_sensitivity;
+        SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_x, static_cast<float>(mouse_move.x) * x_sensitivity);
+        SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_y, static_cast<float>(-mouse_move.y) * y_sensitivity);
 
         last_motion_change = {
-            static_cast<float>(-mouse_move.y) / 50.0f,
-            static_cast<float>(-mouse_move.x) / 50.0f,
+            static_cast<float>(-mouse_move.y) * x_sensitivity,
+            static_cast<float>(-mouse_move.x) * y_sensitivity,
             last_motion_change.z,
         };
     }
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ void Mouse::ReleaseButton(MouseButton button) {
     SetButton(real_mouse_identifier, static_cast<int>(button), false);
     SetButton(touch_identifier, static_cast<int>(button), false);
 
-    if (!Settings::values.mouse_panning) {
+    if (!IsMousePanningEnabled()) {
         SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_x, 0);
         SetAxis(identifier, mouse_axis_y, 0);
     }
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ void Mouse::ReleaseButton(MouseButton button) {
 void Mouse::MouseWheelChange(int x, int y) {
     wheel_position.x += x;
     wheel_position.y += y;
-    last_motion_change.z += static_cast<f32>(y) / 100.0f;
+    last_motion_change.z += static_cast<f32>(y);
     SetAxis(identifier, wheel_axis_x, static_cast<f32>(wheel_position.x));
     SetAxis(identifier, wheel_axis_y, static_cast<f32>(wheel_position.y));
 }
@@ -244,6 +244,11 @@ void Mouse::ReleaseAllButtons() {
     button_pressed = false;
 }
 
+bool Mouse::IsMousePanningEnabled() {
+    // Disable mouse panning when a real mouse is connected
+    return Settings::values.mouse_panning && !Settings::values.mouse_enabled;
+}
+
 std::vector<Common::ParamPackage> Mouse::GetInputDevices() const {
     std::vector<Common::ParamPackage> devices;
     devices.emplace_back(Common::ParamPackage{

src/input_common/drivers/mouse.h

@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ private:
     void UpdateStickInput();
     void UpdateMotionInput();
 
+    bool IsMousePanningEnabled();
+
     Common::Input::ButtonNames GetUIButtonName(const Common::ParamPackage& params) const;
 
     Common::Vec2<int> mouse_origin;

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h

@@ -115,7 +115,34 @@ void BufferCache<P>::WriteMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size) {
 
 template <class P>
 void BufferCache<P>::CachedWriteMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size) {
-    memory_tracker.CachedCpuWrite(cpu_addr, size);
+    const bool is_dirty = IsRegionRegistered(cpu_addr, size);
+    if (!is_dirty) {
+        return;
+    }
+    VAddr aligned_start = Common::AlignDown(cpu_addr, YUZU_PAGESIZE);
+    VAddr aligned_end = Common::AlignUp(cpu_addr + size, YUZU_PAGESIZE);
+    if (!IsRegionGpuModified(aligned_start, aligned_end - aligned_start)) {
+        WriteMemory(cpu_addr, size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    tmp_buffer.resize_destructive(size);
+    cpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(cpu_addr, tmp_buffer.data(), size);
+
+    InlineMemoryImplementation(cpu_addr, size, tmp_buffer);
+}
+
+template <class P>
+bool BufferCache<P>::OnCPUWrite(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size) {
+    const bool is_dirty = IsRegionRegistered(cpu_addr, size);
+    if (!is_dirty) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (memory_tracker.IsRegionGpuModified(cpu_addr, size)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    WriteMemory(cpu_addr, size);
+    return false;
 }
 
 template <class P>
@@ -1553,6 +1580,14 @@ bool BufferCache<P>::InlineMemory(VAddr dest_address, size_t copy_size,
         return false;
     }
 
+    InlineMemoryImplementation(dest_address, copy_size, inlined_buffer);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+template <class P>
+void BufferCache<P>::InlineMemoryImplementation(VAddr dest_address, size_t copy_size,
+                                                std::span<const u8> inlined_buffer) {
     const IntervalType subtract_interval{dest_address, dest_address + copy_size};
     ClearDownload(subtract_interval);
     common_ranges.subtract(subtract_interval);
@@ -1574,8 +1609,6 @@ bool BufferCache<P>::InlineMemory(VAddr dest_address, size_t copy_size,
     } else {
         buffer.ImmediateUpload(buffer.Offset(dest_address), inlined_buffer.first(copy_size));
     }
-
-    return true;
 }
 
 template <class P>

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache_base.h

@@ -245,6 +245,8 @@ public:
 
     void CachedWriteMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size);
 
+    bool OnCPUWrite(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size);
+
     void DownloadMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size);
 
     std::optional<VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea> GetFlushArea(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size);
@@ -543,6 +545,9 @@ private:
 
     void ClearDownload(IntervalType subtract_interval);
 
+    void InlineMemoryImplementation(VAddr dest_address, size_t copy_size,
+                                    std::span<const u8> inlined_buffer);
+
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
     Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
 

src/video_core/compatible_formats.cpp

@@ -272,6 +272,9 @@ constexpr Table MakeNonNativeBgrCopyTable() {
 
 bool IsViewCompatible(PixelFormat format_a, PixelFormat format_b, bool broken_views,
                       bool native_bgr) {
+    if (format_a == format_b) {
+        return true;
+    }
     if (broken_views) {
         // If format views are broken, only accept formats that are identical.
         return format_a == format_b;
@@ -282,6 +285,9 @@ bool IsViewCompatible(PixelFormat format_a, PixelFormat format_b, bool broken_vi
 }
 
 bool IsCopyCompatible(PixelFormat format_a, PixelFormat format_b, bool native_bgr) {
+    if (format_a == format_b) {
+        return true;
+    }
     static constexpr Table BGR_TABLE = MakeNativeBgrCopyTable();
     static constexpr Table NO_BGR_TABLE = MakeNonNativeBgrCopyTable();
     return IsSupported(native_bgr ? BGR_TABLE : NO_BGR_TABLE, format_a, format_b);

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.cpp

@@ -174,8 +174,7 @@ void MaxwellDMA::CopyBlockLinearToPitch() {
     src_operand.address = regs.offset_in;
 
     DMA::BufferOperand dst_operand;
-    u32 abs_pitch_out = std::abs(static_cast<s32>(regs.pitch_out));
-    dst_operand.pitch = abs_pitch_out;
+    dst_operand.pitch = static_cast<u32>(std::abs(regs.pitch_out));
     dst_operand.width = regs.line_length_in;
     dst_operand.height = regs.line_count;
     dst_operand.address = regs.offset_out;
@@ -222,7 +221,7 @@ void MaxwellDMA::CopyBlockLinearToPitch() {
     const size_t src_size =
         CalculateSize(true, bytes_per_pixel, width, height, depth, block_height, block_depth);
 
-    const size_t dst_size = static_cast<size_t>(abs_pitch_out) * regs.line_count;
+    const size_t dst_size = dst_operand.pitch * regs.line_count;
     read_buffer.resize_destructive(src_size);
     write_buffer.resize_destructive(dst_size);
 
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ void MaxwellDMA::CopyBlockLinearToPitch() {
 
     UnswizzleSubrect(write_buffer, read_buffer, bytes_per_pixel, width, height, depth, x_offset,
                      src_params.origin.y, x_elements, regs.line_count, block_height, block_depth,
-                     abs_pitch_out);
+                     dst_operand.pitch);
 
     memory_manager.WriteBlockCached(regs.offset_out, write_buffer.data(), dst_size);
 }

src/video_core/fence_manager.h

@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ public:
     }
 
     void SignalFence(std::function<void()>&& func) {
-        rasterizer.InvalidateGPUCache();
         bool delay_fence = Settings::IsGPULevelHigh();
         if constexpr (!can_async_check) {
             TryReleasePendingFences<false>();
@@ -96,6 +95,7 @@ public:
             guard.unlock();
             cv.notify_all();
         }
+        rasterizer.InvalidateGPUCache();
     }
 
     void SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {

src/video_core/gpu.cpp

@@ -95,7 +95,9 @@ struct GPU::Impl {
 
     /// Synchronizes CPU writes with Host GPU memory.
     void InvalidateGPUCache() {
-        rasterizer->InvalidateGPUCache();
+        std::function<void(VAddr, size_t)> callback_writes(
+            [this](VAddr address, size_t size) { rasterizer->OnCacheInvalidation(address, size); });
+        system.GatherGPUDirtyMemory(callback_writes);
     }
 
     /// Signal the ending of command list.
@@ -299,6 +301,10 @@ struct GPU::Impl {
         gpu_thread.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
     }
 
+    bool OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
+        return rasterizer->OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+    }
+
     /// Notify rasterizer that any caches of the specified region should be flushed and invalidated
     void FlushAndInvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
         gpu_thread.FlushAndInvalidateRegion(addr, size);
@@ -561,6 +567,10 @@ void GPU::InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
     impl->InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
+bool GPU::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
+    return impl->OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+}
+
 void GPU::FlushAndInvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
     impl->FlushAndInvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }

src/video_core/gpu.h

@@ -250,6 +250,10 @@ public:
     /// Notify rasterizer that any caches of the specified region should be invalidated
     void InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size);
 
+    /// Notify rasterizer that CPU is trying to write this area. It returns true if the area is
+    /// sensible, false otherwise
+    bool OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size);
+
     /// Notify rasterizer that any caches of the specified region should be flushed and invalidated
     void FlushAndInvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size);
 

src/video_core/gpu_thread.cpp

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static void RunThread(std::stop_token stop_token, Core::System& system,
         } else if (const auto* flush = std::get_if<FlushRegionCommand>(&next.data)) {
             rasterizer->FlushRegion(flush->addr, flush->size);
         } else if (const auto* invalidate = std::get_if<InvalidateRegionCommand>(&next.data)) {
-            rasterizer->OnCPUWrite(invalidate->addr, invalidate->size);
+            rasterizer->OnCacheInvalidation(invalidate->addr, invalidate->size);
         } else {
             ASSERT(false);
         }
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ void ThreadManager::TickGPU() {
 }
 
 void ThreadManager::InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
-    rasterizer->OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+    rasterizer->OnCacheInvalidation(addr, size);
 }
 
 void ThreadManager::FlushAndInvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
     // Skip flush on asynch mode, as FlushAndInvalidateRegion is not used for anything too important
-    rasterizer->OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+    rasterizer->OnCacheInvalidation(addr, size);
 }
 
 u64 ThreadManager::PushCommand(CommandData&& command_data, bool block) {

src/video_core/host1x/codecs/codec.cpp

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ void Codec::Decode() {
             return vp9_decoder->GetFrameBytes();
         default:
             ASSERT(false);
-            return std::vector<u8>{};
+            return std::span<const u8>{};
         }
     }();
     AVPacketPtr packet{av_packet_alloc(), AVPacketDeleter};

src/video_core/host1x/codecs/h264.cpp

@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@ H264::H264(Host1x::Host1x& host1x_) : host1x{host1x_} {}
 
 H264::~H264() = default;
 
-const std::vector<u8>& H264::ComposeFrame(const Host1x::NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& state,
-                                          bool is_first_frame) {
+std::span<const u8> H264::ComposeFrame(const Host1x::NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& state,
+                                       bool is_first_frame) {
     H264DecoderContext context;
     host1x.MemoryManager().ReadBlock(state.picture_info_offset, &context,
                                      sizeof(H264DecoderContext));
 
     const s64 frame_number = context.h264_parameter_set.frame_number.Value();
     if (!is_first_frame && frame_number != 0) {
-        frame.resize(context.stream_len);
+        frame.resize_destructive(context.stream_len);
         host1x.MemoryManager().ReadBlock(state.frame_bitstream_offset, frame.data(), frame.size());
         return frame;
     }
@@ -135,14 +135,14 @@ const std::vector<u8>& H264::ComposeFrame(const Host1x::NvdecCommon::NvdecRegist
     for (s32 index = 0; index < 6; index++) {
         writer.WriteBit(true);
         std::span<const u8> matrix{context.weight_scale};
-        writer.WriteScalingList(matrix, index * 16, 16);
+        writer.WriteScalingList(scan, matrix, index * 16, 16);
     }
 
     if (context.h264_parameter_set.transform_8x8_mode_flag) {
         for (s32 index = 0; index < 2; index++) {
             writer.WriteBit(true);
             std::span<const u8> matrix{context.weight_scale_8x8};
-            writer.WriteScalingList(matrix, index * 64, 64);
+            writer.WriteScalingList(scan, matrix, index * 64, 64);
         }
     }
 
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ void H264BitWriter::WriteBit(bool state) {
     WriteBits(state ? 1 : 0, 1);
 }
 
-void H264BitWriter::WriteScalingList(std::span<const u8> list, s32 start, s32 count) {
-    static Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> scan{};
+void H264BitWriter::WriteScalingList(Common::ScratchBuffer<u8>& scan, std::span<const u8> list,
+                                     s32 start, s32 count) {
     scan.resize_destructive(count);
     if (count == 16) {
         std::memcpy(scan.data(), zig_zag_scan.data(), scan.size());

src/video_core/host1x/codecs/h264.h

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
 
 #include <span>
 #include <vector>
+
 #include "common/bit_field.h"
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "video_core/host1x/nvdec_common.h"
 
 namespace Tegra {
@@ -37,7 +39,8 @@ public:
 
     /// Based on section 7.3.2.1.1.1 and Table 7-4 in the H.264 specification
     /// Writes the scaling matrices of the sream
-    void WriteScalingList(std::span<const u8> list, s32 start, s32 count);
+    void WriteScalingList(Common::ScratchBuffer<u8>& scan, std::span<const u8> list, s32 start,
+                          s32 count);
 
     /// Return the bitstream as a vector.
     [[nodiscard]] std::vector<u8>& GetByteArray();
@@ -63,11 +66,12 @@ public:
     ~H264();
 
     /// Compose the H264 frame for FFmpeg decoding
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<u8>& ComposeFrame(
-        const Host1x::NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& state, bool is_first_frame = false);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<const u8> ComposeFrame(const Host1x::NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& state,
+                                                   bool is_first_frame = false);
 
 private:
-    std::vector<u8> frame;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> frame;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> scan;
     Host1x::Host1x& host1x;
 
     struct H264ParameterSet {

src/video_core/host1x/codecs/vp8.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ VP8::VP8(Host1x::Host1x& host1x_) : host1x{host1x_} {}
 
 VP8::~VP8() = default;
 
-const std::vector<u8>& VP8::ComposeFrame(const Host1x::NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& state) {
+std::span<const u8> VP8::ComposeFrame(const Host1x::NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& state) {
     VP8PictureInfo info;
     host1x.MemoryManager().ReadBlock(state.picture_info_offset, &info, sizeof(VP8PictureInfo));
 

src/video_core/host1x/codecs/vp8.h

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
-#include <vector>
+#include <span>
 
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "video_core/host1x/nvdec_common.h"
 
 namespace Tegra {
@@ -24,11 +25,11 @@ public:
     ~VP8();
 
     /// Compose the VP8 frame for FFmpeg decoding
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<u8>& ComposeFrame(
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<const u8> ComposeFrame(
         const Host1x::NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& state);
 
 private:
-    std::vector<u8> frame;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> frame;
     Host1x::Host1x& host1x;
 
     struct VP8PictureInfo {

src/video_core/host1x/codecs/vp9.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm> // for std::copy
 #include <numeric>
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "video_core/host1x/codecs/vp9.h"
 #include "video_core/host1x/host1x.h"

src/video_core/host1x/codecs/vp9.h

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "common/stream.h"
 #include "video_core/host1x/codecs/vp9_types.h"
 #include "video_core/host1x/nvdec_common.h"
@@ -128,8 +130,8 @@ public:
         return !current_frame_info.show_frame;
     }
 
-    /// Returns a const reference to the composed frame data.
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<u8>& GetFrameBytes() const {
+    /// Returns a const span to the composed frame data.
+    [[nodiscard]] std::span<const u8> GetFrameBytes() const {
         return frame;
     }
 
@@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ private:
     [[nodiscard]] VpxBitStreamWriter ComposeUncompressedHeader();
 
     Host1x::Host1x& host1x;
-    std::vector<u8> frame;
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u8> frame;
 
     std::array<s8, 4> loop_filter_ref_deltas{};
     std::array<s8, 2> loop_filter_mode_deltas{};

src/video_core/host1x/codecs/vp9_types.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <vector>
+
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 

src/video_core/rasterizer_interface.h

@@ -109,7 +109,9 @@ public:
     }
 
     /// Notify rasterizer that any caches of the specified region are desync with guest
-    virtual void OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) = 0;
+    virtual void OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, u64 size) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) = 0;
 
     /// Sync memory between guest and host.
     virtual void InvalidateGPUCache() = 0;

src/video_core/renderer_null/null_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ bool RasterizerNull::MustFlushRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size, VideoCommon::CacheTyp
     return false;
 }
 void RasterizerNull::InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size, VideoCommon::CacheType) {}
-void RasterizerNull::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {}
+bool RasterizerNull::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
+    return false;
+}
+void RasterizerNull::OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, u64 size) {}
 VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea RasterizerNull::GetFlushArea(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
     VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea new_area{
         .start_address = Common::AlignDown(addr, Core::Memory::YUZU_PAGESIZE),

src/video_core/renderer_null/null_rasterizer.h

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ public:
                          VideoCommon::CacheType which = VideoCommon::CacheType::All) override;
     void InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size,
                           VideoCommon::CacheType which = VideoCommon::CacheType::All) override;
-    void OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
+    void OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
+    bool OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
     VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea GetFlushArea(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
     void InvalidateGPUCache() override;
     void UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -485,12 +485,33 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size, VideoCommon::Cache
     }
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
+bool RasterizerOpenGL::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
+    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
+    if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+        if (buffer_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
+        texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
+    }
+
+    shader_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
+    return false;
+}
+
+void RasterizerOpenGL::OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
     if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
         return;
     }
-    shader_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
         texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
@@ -499,15 +520,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
         std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
         buffer_cache.CachedWriteMemory(addr, size);
     }
+    shader_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::InvalidateGPUCache() {
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
-    shader_cache.SyncGuestHost();
-    {
-        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
-        buffer_cache.FlushCachedWrites();
-    }
+    gpu.InvalidateGPUCache();
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
@@ -519,7 +536,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
         std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
         buffer_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
     }
-    shader_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+    shader_cache.OnCacheInvalidation(addr, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::ModifyGPUMemory(size_t as_id, GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h

@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ public:
     VideoCore::RasterizerDownloadArea GetFlushArea(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
     void InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size,
                           VideoCommon::CacheType which = VideoCommon::CacheType::All) override;
-    void OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
+    void OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
+    bool OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
     void InvalidateGPUCache() override;
     void UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
     void ModifyGPUMemory(size_t as_id, GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) override;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ void BufferCacheRuntime::ReserveNullBuffer() {
         .flags = 0,
         .size = 4,
         .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT |
-                 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
+                 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT,
         .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
         .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
         .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
@@ -599,7 +599,6 @@ void BufferCacheRuntime::ReserveNullBuffer() {
     if (device.IsExtTransformFeedbackSupported()) {
         create_info.usage |= VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_BIT_EXT;
     }
-    create_info.usage |= VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT;
     null_buffer = memory_allocator.CreateBuffer(create_info, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
     if (device.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
         null_buffer.SetObjectNameEXT("Null buffer");

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -566,11 +566,32 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::InnerInvalidation(std::span<const std::pair<VAddr, std::s
     }
 }
 
-void RasterizerVulkan::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
+bool RasterizerVulkan::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
+    if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+        if (buffer_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
+        texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
+    }
+
+    pipeline_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
+    return false;
+}
+
+void RasterizerVulkan::OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
     if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
         return;
     }
-    pipeline_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
         texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
@@ -579,14 +600,11 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
         std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
         buffer_cache.CachedWriteMemory(addr, size);
     }
+    pipeline_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::InvalidateGPUCache() {
-    pipeline_cache.SyncGuestHost();
-    {
-        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
-        buffer_cache.FlushCachedWrites();
-    }
+    gpu.InvalidateGPUCache();
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
@@ -598,7 +616,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
         std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
         buffer_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
     }
-    pipeline_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+    pipeline_cache.OnCacheInvalidation(addr, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::ModifyGPUMemory(size_t as_id, GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h

@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ public:
     void InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size,
                           VideoCommon::CacheType which = VideoCommon::CacheType::All) override;
     void InnerInvalidation(std::span<const std::pair<VAddr, std::size_t>> sequences) override;
-    void OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
+    void OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
+    bool OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
     void InvalidateGPUCache() override;
     void UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
     void ModifyGPUMemory(size_t as_id, GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) override;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -36,8 +36,10 @@ using VideoCommon::ImageFlagBits;
 using VideoCommon::ImageInfo;
 using VideoCommon::ImageType;
 using VideoCommon::SubresourceRange;
+using VideoCore::Surface::BytesPerBlock;
 using VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatASTC;
 using VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatInteger;
+using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType;
 
 namespace {
 constexpr VkBorderColor ConvertBorderColor(const std::array<float, 4>& color) {
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ constexpr VkBorderColor ConvertBorderColor(const std::array<float, 4>& color) {
 [[nodiscard]] VkImageCreateInfo MakeImageCreateInfo(const Device& device, const ImageInfo& info) {
     const PixelFormat format = StorageFormat(info.format);
     const auto format_info = MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, false, format);
-    VkImageCreateFlags flags = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT;
+    VkImageCreateFlags flags{};
     if (info.type == ImageType::e2D && info.resources.layers >= 6 &&
         info.size.width == info.size.height && !device.HasBrokenCubeImageCompability()) {
         flags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT;
@@ -163,11 +165,24 @@ constexpr VkBorderColor ConvertBorderColor(const std::array<float, 4>& color) {
 }
 
 [[nodiscard]] vk::Image MakeImage(const Device& device, const MemoryAllocator& allocator,
-                                  const ImageInfo& info) {
+                                  const ImageInfo& info, std::span<const VkFormat> view_formats) {
     if (info.type == ImageType::Buffer) {
         return vk::Image{};
     }
-    return allocator.CreateImage(MakeImageCreateInfo(device, info));
+    VkImageCreateInfo image_ci = MakeImageCreateInfo(device, info);
+    const VkImageFormatListCreateInfo image_format_list = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .viewFormatCount = static_cast<u32>(view_formats.size()),
+        .pViewFormats = view_formats.data(),
+    };
+    if (view_formats.size() > 1) {
+        image_ci.flags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT;
+        if (device.IsKhrImageFormatListSupported()) {
+            image_ci.pNext = &image_format_list;
+        }
+    }
+    return allocator.CreateImage(image_ci);
 }
 
 [[nodiscard]] VkImageAspectFlags ImageAspectMask(PixelFormat format) {
@@ -806,6 +821,23 @@ TextureCacheRuntime::TextureCacheRuntime(const Device& device_, Scheduler& sched
         astc_decoder_pass.emplace(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_buffer_pool,
                                   compute_pass_descriptor_queue, memory_allocator);
     }
+    if (!device.IsKhrImageFormatListSupported()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (size_t index_a = 0; index_a < VideoCore::Surface::MaxPixelFormat; index_a++) {
+        const auto image_format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(index_a);
+        if (IsPixelFormatASTC(image_format) && !device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()) {
+            view_formats[index_a].push_back(VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32);
+        }
+        for (size_t index_b = 0; index_b < VideoCore::Surface::MaxPixelFormat; index_b++) {
+            const auto view_format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(index_b);
+            if (VideoCore::Surface::IsViewCompatible(image_format, view_format, false, true)) {
+                const auto view_info =
+                    MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, view_format);
+                view_formats[index_a].push_back(view_info.format);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void TextureCacheRuntime::Finish() {
@@ -1265,8 +1297,8 @@ void TextureCacheRuntime::TickFrame() {}
 Image::Image(TextureCacheRuntime& runtime_, const ImageInfo& info_, GPUVAddr gpu_addr_,
              VAddr cpu_addr_)
     : VideoCommon::ImageBase(info_, gpu_addr_, cpu_addr_), scheduler{&runtime_.scheduler},
-      runtime{&runtime_},
-      original_image(MakeImage(runtime_.device, runtime_.memory_allocator, info)),
+      runtime{&runtime_}, original_image(MakeImage(runtime_.device, runtime_.memory_allocator, info,
+                                                   runtime->ViewFormats(info.format))),
       aspect_mask(ImageAspectMask(info.format)) {
     if (IsPixelFormatASTC(info.format) && !runtime->device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()) {
         if (Settings::values.async_astc.GetValue()) {
@@ -1471,7 +1503,8 @@ bool Image::ScaleUp(bool ignore) {
         auto scaled_info = info;
         scaled_info.size.width = scaled_width;
         scaled_info.size.height = scaled_height;
-        scaled_image = MakeImage(runtime->device, runtime->memory_allocator, scaled_info);
+        scaled_image = MakeImage(runtime->device, runtime->memory_allocator, scaled_info,
+                                 runtime->ViewFormats(info.format));
         ignore = false;
     }
     current_image = *scaled_image;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h

@@ -103,6 +103,10 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] VkBuffer GetTemporaryBuffer(size_t needed_size);
 
+    std::span<const VkFormat> ViewFormats(PixelFormat format) {
+        return view_formats[static_cast<std::size_t>(format)];
+    }
+
     void BarrierFeedbackLoop();
 
     const Device& device;
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@ public:
     RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache;
     std::optional<ASTCDecoderPass> astc_decoder_pass;
     const Settings::ResolutionScalingInfo& resolution;
+    std::array<std::vector<VkFormat>, VideoCore::Surface::MaxPixelFormat> view_formats;
 
     static constexpr size_t indexing_slots = 8 * sizeof(size_t);
     std::array<vk::Buffer, indexing_slots> buffers{};

src/video_core/shader_cache.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void ShaderCache::InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, size_t size) {
     RemovePendingShaders();
 }
 
-void ShaderCache::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, size_t size) {
+void ShaderCache::OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, size_t size) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{invalidation_mutex};
     InvalidatePagesInRegion(addr, size);
 }

src/video_core/shader_cache.h

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief Unmarks a memory region as cached and marks it for removal
     /// @param addr Start address of the CPU write operation
     /// @param size Number of bytes of the CPU write operation
-    void OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, size_t size);
+    void OnCacheInvalidation(VAddr addr, size_t size);
 
     /// @brief Flushes delayed removal operations
     void SyncGuestHost();

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h

@@ -598,6 +598,10 @@ void TextureCache<P>::UnmapGPUMemory(size_t as_id, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, size_t siz
                             [&](ImageId id, Image&) { deleted_images.push_back(id); });
     for (const ImageId id : deleted_images) {
         Image& image = slot_images[id];
+        if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::CpuModified)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
         if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Remapped)) {
             continue;
         }
@@ -865,11 +869,15 @@ void TextureCache<P>::PopAsyncFlushes() {
 template <class P>
 ImageId TextureCache<P>::DmaImageId(const Tegra::DMA::ImageOperand& operand, bool is_upload) {
     const ImageInfo dst_info(operand);
-    const ImageId image_id = FindDMAImage(dst_info, operand.address);
-    if (!image_id) {
+    const ImageId dst_id = FindDMAImage(dst_info, operand.address);
+    if (!dst_id) {
+        return NULL_IMAGE_ID;
+    }
+    auto& image = slot_images[dst_id];
+    if (False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::GpuModified)) {
+        // No need to waste time on an image that's synced with guest
         return NULL_IMAGE_ID;
     }
-    auto& image = slot_images[image_id];
     if (image.info.type == ImageType::e3D) {
         // Don't accelerate 3D images.
         return NULL_IMAGE_ID;
@@ -883,7 +891,7 @@ ImageId TextureCache<P>::DmaImageId(const Tegra::DMA::ImageOperand& operand, boo
     if (!base) {
         return NULL_IMAGE_ID;
     }
-    return image_id;
+    return dst_id;
 }
 
 template <class P>

src/video_core/texture_cache/types.h

@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ enum class RelaxedOptions : u32 {
     Format = 1 << 1,
     Samples = 1 << 2,
     ForceBrokenViews = 1 << 3,
-    FormatBpp = 1 << 4,
 };
 DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(RelaxedOptions)
 

src/video_core/texture_cache/util.cpp

@@ -1201,8 +1201,7 @@ std::optional<SubresourceBase> FindSubresource(const ImageInfo& candidate, const
         // Format checking is relaxed, but we still have to check for matching bytes per block.
         // This avoids creating a view for blits on UE4 titles where formats with different bytes
         // per block are aliased.
-        if (BytesPerBlock(existing.format) != BytesPerBlock(candidate.format) &&
-            False(options & RelaxedOptions::FormatBpp)) {
+        if (BytesPerBlock(existing.format) != BytesPerBlock(candidate.format)) {
             return std::nullopt;
         }
     } else {
@@ -1233,11 +1232,7 @@ std::optional<SubresourceBase> FindSubresource(const ImageInfo& candidate, const
     }
     const bool strict_size = False(options & RelaxedOptions::Size);
     if (!IsBlockLinearSizeCompatible(existing, candidate, base->level, 0, strict_size)) {
-        if (False(options & RelaxedOptions::FormatBpp)) {
-            return std::nullopt;
-        } else if (!IsBlockLinearSizeCompatibleBPPRelaxed(existing, candidate, base->level, 0)) {
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
     // TODO: compare block sizes
     return base;

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.cpp

@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
             loaded_extensions.erase(VK_EXT_EXTENDED_DYNAMIC_STATE_EXTENSION_NAME);
         }
     }
-    if (extensions.extended_dynamic_state2 && (is_radv || is_qualcomm)) {
+    if (extensions.extended_dynamic_state2 && is_radv) {
         const u32 version = (properties.properties.driverVersion << 3) >> 3;
         if (version < VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 22, 3, 1)) {
             LOG_WARNING(
@@ -498,6 +498,20 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
             loaded_extensions.erase(VK_EXT_EXTENDED_DYNAMIC_STATE_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
         }
     }
+    if (extensions.extended_dynamic_state2 && is_qualcomm) {
+        const u32 version = (properties.properties.driverVersion << 3) >> 3;
+        if (version >= VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 676, 0) &&
+            version < VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 680, 0)) {
+            // Qualcomm Adreno 7xx drivers do not properly support extended_dynamic_state2.
+            LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan,
+                        "Qualcomm Adreno 7xx drivers have broken VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2");
+            features.extended_dynamic_state2.extendedDynamicState2 = false;
+            features.extended_dynamic_state2.extendedDynamicState2LogicOp = false;
+            features.extended_dynamic_state2.extendedDynamicState2PatchControlPoints = false;
+            extensions.extended_dynamic_state2 = false;
+            loaded_extensions.erase(VK_EXT_EXTENDED_DYNAMIC_STATE_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        }
+    }
     if (extensions.extended_dynamic_state3 && is_radv) {
         LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan, "RADV has broken extendedDynamicState3ColorBlendEquation");
         features.extended_dynamic_state3.extendedDynamicState3ColorBlendEnable = false;
@@ -512,8 +526,7 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
             dynamic_state3_enables = false;
         }
     }
-    if (extensions.vertex_input_dynamic_state && (is_radv || is_qualcomm)) {
-        // Qualcomm S8gen2 drivers do not properly support vertex_input_dynamic_state.
+    if (extensions.vertex_input_dynamic_state && is_radv) {
         // TODO(ameerj): Blacklist only offending driver versions
         // TODO(ameerj): Confirm if RDNA1 is affected
         const bool is_rdna2 =
@@ -526,6 +539,19 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
             loaded_extensions.erase(VK_EXT_VERTEX_INPUT_DYNAMIC_STATE_EXTENSION_NAME);
         }
     }
+    if (extensions.vertex_input_dynamic_state && is_qualcomm) {
+        const u32 version = (properties.properties.driverVersion << 3) >> 3;
+        if (version >= VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 676, 0) &&
+            version < VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 0, 680, 0)) {
+            // Qualcomm Adreno 7xx drivers do not properly support vertex_input_dynamic_state.
+            LOG_WARNING(
+                Render_Vulkan,
+                "Qualcomm Adreno 7xx drivers have broken VK_EXT_vertex_input_dynamic_state");
+            features.vertex_input_dynamic_state.vertexInputDynamicState = false;
+            extensions.vertex_input_dynamic_state = false;
+            loaded_extensions.erase(VK_EXT_VERTEX_INPUT_DYNAMIC_STATE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        }
+    }
 
     sets_per_pool = 64;
     if (extensions.extended_dynamic_state3 && is_amd_driver &&
@@ -774,6 +800,17 @@ bool Device::ShouldBoostClocks() const {
     return validated_driver && !is_steam_deck && !is_debugging;
 }
 
+bool Device::HasTimelineSemaphore() const {
+    if (GetDriverID() == VK_DRIVER_ID_QUALCOMM_PROPRIETARY ||
+        GetDriverID() == VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_TURNIP) {
+        // Timeline semaphores do not work properly on all Qualcomm drivers.
+        // They generally work properly with Turnip drivers, but are problematic on some devices
+        // (e.g. ZTE handsets with Snapdragon 870).
+        return false;
+    }
+    return features.timeline_semaphore.timelineSemaphore;
+}
+
 bool Device::GetSuitability(bool requires_swapchain) {
     // Assume we will be suitable.
     bool suitable = true;

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocator)
     EXTENSION(KHR, SPIRV_1_4, spirv_1_4)                                                           \
     EXTENSION(KHR, SWAPCHAIN, swapchain)                                                           \
     EXTENSION(KHR, SWAPCHAIN_MUTABLE_FORMAT, swapchain_mutable_format)                             \
+    EXTENSION(KHR, IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST, image_format_list)                                           \
     EXTENSION(NV, DEVICE_DIAGNOSTICS_CONFIG, device_diagnostics_config)                            \
     EXTENSION(NV, GEOMETRY_SHADER_PASSTHROUGH, geometry_shader_passthrough)                        \
     EXTENSION(NV, VIEWPORT_ARRAY2, viewport_array2)                                                \
@@ -408,6 +409,11 @@ public:
         return extensions.workgroup_memory_explicit_layout;
     }
 
+    /// Returns true if the device supports VK_KHR_image_format_list.
+    bool IsKhrImageFormatListSupported() const {
+        return extensions.image_format_list || instance_version >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2;
+    }
+
     /// Returns true if the device supports VK_EXT_primitive_topology_list_restart.
     bool IsTopologyListPrimitiveRestartSupported() const {
         return features.primitive_topology_list_restart.primitiveTopologyListRestart;
@@ -522,13 +528,7 @@ public:
         return extensions.shader_atomic_int64;
     }
 
-    bool HasTimelineSemaphore() const {
-        if (GetDriverID() == VK_DRIVER_ID_QUALCOMM_PROPRIETARY) {
-            // Timeline semaphores do not work properly on all Qualcomm drivers.
-            return false;
-        }
-        return features.timeline_semaphore.timelineSemaphore;
-    }
+    bool HasTimelineSemaphore() const;
 
     /// Returns the minimum supported version of SPIR-V.
     u32 SupportedSpirvVersion() const {

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_instance.cpp

@@ -19,11 +19,9 @@
 #include <windows.h>
 // ensure include order
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_win32.h>
-#elif defined(__APPLE__)
-#include <vulkan/vulkan_macos.h>
 #elif defined(__ANDROID__)
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_android.h>
-#else
+#elif !defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_wayland.h>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_xlib.h>
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ namespace {
         break;
 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
     case Core::Frontend::WindowSystemType::Cocoa:
-        extensions.push_back(VK_MVK_MACOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_METAL_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
         break;
 #elif defined(__ANDROID__)
     case Core::Frontend::WindowSystemType::Android:

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.cpp

@@ -221,8 +221,8 @@ vk::Image MemoryAllocator::CreateImage(const VkImageCreateInfo& ci) const {
     const VmaAllocationCreateInfo alloc_ci = {
         .flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT,
         .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE,
-        .requiredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT,
-        .preferredFlags = 0,
+        .requiredFlags = 0,
+        .preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT,
         .memoryTypeBits = 0,
         .pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .pUserData = nullptr,

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_surface.cpp

@@ -11,11 +11,9 @@
 #include <windows.h>
 // ensure include order
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_win32.h>
-#elif defined(__APPLE__)
-#include <vulkan/vulkan_macos.h>
 #elif defined(__ANDROID__)
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_android.h>
-#else
+#elif !defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_wayland.h>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_xlib.h>
@@ -44,12 +42,13 @@ vk::SurfaceKHR CreateSurface(
     }
 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
     if (window_info.type == Core::Frontend::WindowSystemType::Cocoa) {
-        const VkMacOSSurfaceCreateInfoMVK mvk_ci{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MACOS_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_MVK,
-                                                 nullptr, 0, window_info.render_surface};
-        const auto vkCreateMacOSSurfaceMVK = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCreateMacOSSurfaceMVK>(
-            dld.vkGetInstanceProcAddr(*instance, "vkCreateMacOSSurfaceMVK"));
-        if (!vkCreateMacOSSurfaceMVK ||
-            vkCreateMacOSSurfaceMVK(*instance, &mvk_ci, nullptr, &unsafe_surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+        const VkMetalSurfaceCreateInfoEXT macos_ci = {
+            .pLayer = static_cast<const CAMetalLayer*>(window_info.render_surface),
+        };
+        const auto vkCreateMetalSurfaceEXT = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCreateMetalSurfaceEXT>(
+            dld.vkGetInstanceProcAddr(*instance, "vkCreateMetalSurfaceEXT"));
+        if (!vkCreateMetalSurfaceEXT ||
+            vkCreateMetalSurfaceEXT(*instance, &macos_ci, nullptr, &unsafe_surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
             LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to initialize Metal surface");
             throw vk::Exception(VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED);
         }

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #define VK_NO_PROTOTYPES
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_METAL_EXT
 #endif
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
 

src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp

@@ -503,8 +503,7 @@ void Config::ReadMousePanningValues() {
     ReadBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning);
     ReadBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity);
     ReadBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity);
-    ReadBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_x_counterweight);
-    ReadBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_y_counterweight);
+    ReadBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight);
     ReadBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_decay_strength);
     ReadBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_min_decay);
 }
@@ -1122,8 +1121,7 @@ void Config::SaveMousePanningValues() {
     // Don't overwrite values.mouse_panning
     WriteBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity);
     WriteBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity);
-    WriteBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_x_counterweight);
-    WriteBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_y_counterweight);
+    WriteBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight);
     WriteBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_decay_strength);
     WriteBasicSetting(Settings::values.mouse_panning_min_decay);
 }

src/yuzu/configuration/configure_input_player.ui

@@ -3105,21 +3105,6 @@
                     </property>
                     <item>
                      <widget class="QPushButton" name="mousePanningButton">
-                      <property name="minimumSize">
-                       <size>
-                        <width>68</width>
-                        <height>0</height>
-                       </size>
-                      </property>
-                      <property name="maximumSize">
-                       <size>
-                        <width>68</width>
-                        <height>16777215</height>
-                       </size>
-                      </property>
-                      <property name="styleSheet">
-                       <string notr="true">min-width: 68px;</string>
-                      </property>
                       <property name="text">
                        <string>Configure</string>
                       </property>

src/yuzu/configuration/configure_mouse_panning.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include <QCloseEvent>
+#include <QMessageBox>
 
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "ui_configure_mouse_panning.h"
@@ -27,31 +28,34 @@ void ConfigureMousePanning::SetConfiguration(float right_stick_deadzone, float r
     ui->enable->setChecked(Settings::values.mouse_panning.GetValue());
     ui->x_sensitivity->setValue(Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity.GetValue());
     ui->y_sensitivity->setValue(Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity.GetValue());
-    ui->deadzone_x_counterweight->setValue(
-        Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_x_counterweight.GetValue());
-    ui->deadzone_y_counterweight->setValue(
-        Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_y_counterweight.GetValue());
+    ui->deadzone_counterweight->setValue(
+        Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight.GetValue());
     ui->decay_strength->setValue(Settings::values.mouse_panning_decay_strength.GetValue());
     ui->min_decay->setValue(Settings::values.mouse_panning_min_decay.GetValue());
 
     if (right_stick_deadzone > 0.0f || right_stick_range != 1.0f) {
-        ui->warning_label->setText(QString::fromStdString(
-            "Mouse panning works better with a deadzone of 0% and a range of 100%.\n"
-            "Current values are " +
-            std::to_string(static_cast<int>(right_stick_deadzone * 100.0f)) + "% and " +
-            std::to_string(static_cast<int>(right_stick_range * 100.0f)) + "% respectively."));
-    } else {
-        ui->warning_label->hide();
+        const QString right_stick_deadzone_str =
+            QString::fromStdString(std::to_string(static_cast<int>(right_stick_deadzone * 100.0f)));
+        const QString right_stick_range_str =
+            QString::fromStdString(std::to_string(static_cast<int>(right_stick_range * 100.0f)));
+
+        ui->warning_label->setText(
+            tr("Mouse panning works better with a deadzone of 0% and a range of 100%.\nCurrent "
+               "values are %1% and %2% respectively.")
+                .arg(right_stick_deadzone_str, right_stick_range_str));
+    }
+
+    if (Settings::values.mouse_enabled) {
+        ui->warning_label->setText(
+            tr("Emulated mouse is enabled. This is incompatible with mouse panning."));
     }
 }
 
 void ConfigureMousePanning::SetDefaultConfiguration() {
     ui->x_sensitivity->setValue(Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity.GetDefault());
     ui->y_sensitivity->setValue(Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity.GetDefault());
-    ui->deadzone_x_counterweight->setValue(
-        Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_x_counterweight.GetDefault());
-    ui->deadzone_y_counterweight->setValue(
-        Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_y_counterweight.GetDefault());
+    ui->deadzone_counterweight->setValue(
+        Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight.GetDefault());
     ui->decay_strength->setValue(Settings::values.mouse_panning_decay_strength.GetDefault());
     ui->min_decay->setValue(Settings::values.mouse_panning_min_decay.GetDefault());
 }
@@ -68,12 +72,19 @@ void ConfigureMousePanning::ApplyConfiguration() {
     Settings::values.mouse_panning = ui->enable->isChecked();
     Settings::values.mouse_panning_x_sensitivity = static_cast<float>(ui->x_sensitivity->value());
     Settings::values.mouse_panning_y_sensitivity = static_cast<float>(ui->y_sensitivity->value());
-    Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_x_counterweight =
-        static_cast<float>(ui->deadzone_x_counterweight->value());
-    Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_y_counterweight =
-        static_cast<float>(ui->deadzone_y_counterweight->value());
+    Settings::values.mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight =
+        static_cast<float>(ui->deadzone_counterweight->value());
     Settings::values.mouse_panning_decay_strength = static_cast<float>(ui->decay_strength->value());
     Settings::values.mouse_panning_min_decay = static_cast<float>(ui->min_decay->value());
 
+    if (Settings::values.mouse_enabled && Settings::values.mouse_panning) {
+        Settings::values.mouse_panning = false;
+        QMessageBox::critical(
+            this, tr("Emulated mouse is enabled"),
+            tr("Real mouse input and mouse panning are incompatible. Please disable the "
+               "emulated mouse in input advanced settings to allow mouse panning."));
+        return;
+    }
+
     accept();
 }

src/yuzu/configuration/configure_mouse_panning.ui

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
    <item>
     <widget class="QCheckBox" name="enable">
      <property name="text">
-      <string>Enable</string>
+      <string>Enable mouse panning</string>
      </property>
      <property name="toolTip">
-      <string>Can be toggled via a hotkey</string>
+      <string>Can be toggled via a hotkey. Default hotkey is Ctrl + F9</string>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
@@ -89,40 +89,14 @@
        </property>
        <layout class="QGridLayout">
         <item row="0" column="0">
-         <widget class="QLabel" name="deadzone_x_counterweight_label">
+         <widget class="QLabel" name="deadzone_counterweight_label">
           <property name="text">
-           <string>Horizontal</string>
+           <string>Deadzone</string>
           </property>
          </widget>
         </item>
         <item row="0" column="1">
-         <widget class="QSpinBox" name="deadzone_x_counterweight">
-          <property name="alignment">
-           <set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
-          </property>
-          <property name="suffix">
-           <string>%</string>
-          </property>
-          <property name="minimum">
-           <number>0</number>
-          </property>
-          <property name="maximum">
-           <number>100</number>
-          </property>
-          <property name="value">
-           <number>0</number>
-          </property>
-         </widget>
-        </item>
-        <item row="1" column="0">
-         <widget class="QLabel" name="deadzone_y_counterweight_label">
-          <property name="text">
-           <string>Vertical</string>
-          </property>
-         </widget>
-        </item>
-        <item row="1" column="1">
-         <widget class="QSpinBox" name="deadzone_y_counterweight">
+         <widget class="QSpinBox" name="deadzone_counterweight">
           <property name="alignment">
            <set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
           </property>

src/yuzu/main.cpp

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ static FileSys::VirtualFile VfsDirectoryCreateFileWrapper(const FileSys::Virtual
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "common/telemetry.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/card_image.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/common_funcs.h"
@@ -177,6 +178,8 @@ constexpr int default_mouse_hide_timeout = 2500;
 constexpr int default_mouse_center_timeout = 10;
 constexpr int default_input_update_timeout = 1;
 
+constexpr size_t CopyBufferSize = 1_MiB;
+
 /**
  * "Callouts" are one-time instructional messages shown to the user. In the config settings, there
  * is a bitfield "callout_flags" options, used to track if a message has already been shown to the
@@ -389,6 +392,7 @@ GMainWindow::GMainWindow(std::unique_ptr<Config> config_, bool has_broken_vulkan
              std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<f64, std::milli>>(
                  Common::Windows::SetCurrentTimerResolutionToMaximum())
                  .count());
+    system->CoreTiming().SetTimerResolutionNs(Common::Windows::GetCurrentTimerResolution());
 #endif
     UpdateWindowTitle();
 
@@ -452,7 +456,7 @@ GMainWindow::GMainWindow(std::unique_ptr<Config> config_, bool has_broken_vulkan
     // the user through their desktop environment.
     //: TRANSLATORS: This string is shown to the user to explain why yuzu needs to prevent the
     //: computer from sleeping
-    QByteArray wakelock_reason = tr("Running a game").toLatin1();
+    QByteArray wakelock_reason = tr("Running a game").toUtf8();
     SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_SCREENSAVER_INHIBIT_ACTIVITY_NAME, wakelock_reason.data());
 
     // SDL disables the screen saver by default, and setting the hint
@@ -2927,10 +2931,10 @@ void GMainWindow::OnMenuInstallToNAND() {
 
     int remaining = filenames.size();
 
-    // This would only overflow above 2^43 bytes (8.796 TB)
+    // This would only overflow above 2^51 bytes (2.252 PB)
     int total_size = 0;
     for (const QString& file : files) {
-        total_size += static_cast<int>(QFile(file).size() / 0x1000);
+        total_size += static_cast<int>(QFile(file).size() / CopyBufferSize);
     }
     if (total_size < 0) {
         LOG_CRITICAL(Frontend, "Attempting to install too many files, aborting.");
@@ -3030,7 +3034,7 @@ InstallResult GMainWindow::InstallNSPXCI(const QString& filename) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        std::vector<u8> buffer(1_MiB);
+        std::vector<u8> buffer(CopyBufferSize);
 
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < src->GetSize(); i += buffer.size()) {
             if (install_progress->wasCanceled()) {
@@ -3086,7 +3090,7 @@ InstallResult GMainWindow::InstallNCA(const QString& filename) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        std::array<u8, 0x1000> buffer{};
+        std::vector<u8> buffer(CopyBufferSize);
 
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < src->GetSize(); i += buffer.size()) {
             if (install_progress->wasCanceled()) {

src/yuzu/qt_common.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 
 #if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <qpa/qplatformnativeinterface.h>
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <objc/message.h>
 #endif
 
 namespace QtCommon {
@@ -37,9 +39,12 @@ Core::Frontend::EmuWindow::WindowSystemInfo GetWindowSystemInfo(QWindow* window)
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow::WindowSystemInfo wsi;
     wsi.type = GetWindowSystemType();
 
+#if defined(WIN32)
     // Our Win32 Qt external doesn't have the private API.
-#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__)
-    wsi.render_surface = window ? reinterpret_cast<void*>(window->winId()) : nullptr;
+    wsi.render_surface = reinterpret_cast<void*>(window->winId());
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+    wsi.render_surface = reinterpret_cast<void* (*)(id, SEL)>(objc_msgSend)(
+        reinterpret_cast<id>(window->winId()), sel_registerName("layer"));
 #else
     QPlatformNativeInterface* pni = QGuiApplication::platformNativeInterface();
     wsi.display_connection = pni->nativeResourceForWindow("display", window);

src/yuzu/vk_device_info.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ Record::~Record() = default;
 void PopulateRecords(std::vector<Record>& records, QWindow* window) try {
     using namespace Vulkan;
 
-    auto wsi = QtCommon::GetWindowSystemInfo(window);
+    // Create a test window with a Vulkan surface type for checking present modes.
+    QWindow test_window(window);
+    test_window.setSurfaceType(QWindow::VulkanSurface);
+    auto wsi = QtCommon::GetWindowSystemInfo(&test_window);
 
     vk::InstanceDispatch dld;
     const auto library = OpenLibrary();

src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "common/telemetry.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/cpu_manager.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/registered_cache.h"
@@ -316,8 +317,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
     LocalFree(argv_w);
-
-    Common::Windows::SetCurrentTimerResolutionToMaximum();
 #endif
 
     MicroProfileOnThreadCreate("EmuThread");
@@ -351,6 +350,11 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
         break;
     }
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    Common::Windows::SetCurrentTimerResolutionToMaximum();
+    system.CoreTiming().SetTimerResolutionNs(Common::Windows::GetCurrentTimerResolution());
+#endif
+
     system.SetContentProvider(std::make_unique<FileSys::ContentProviderUnion>());
     system.SetFilesystem(std::make_shared<FileSys::RealVfsFilesystem>());
     system.GetFileSystemController().CreateFactories(*system.GetFilesystem());